STUDIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Author: ARIAS LOVILLO RAUL.
Year: 2003.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The thesis provides contrución an index of sustainable development (IDS), innovative initiative which is based on the program and the agenda of the commission for sustainable development of the UN, which allows orentar the design of public policies aimed at tackling the problems of economic growth, poverty and deteroiore environmentally based planning territorio.Se aims to demonstrate that a country with the characteristics of Mexico could not advance the preservation of ecosystems, if not simultaneously addresses the serious problems of poverty and economic growth . bases theoretical work focuses on the theories of endogenous growth based on the investment of human capital and baséa interpretations have hasiana of social reality, it made the proposal for a new rationality ambiental.Consecuentemente, based on these foundations theoretical design IDS believes the integration of the economic, social and ambiental.Ante the objective impossibility of calculating an IDS for the country as a whole, is elected state veracruz for drafting the proposal anivel city.

Author: CABALLERO MINGUEZ GONZALO.
Year: 2003.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FAC.CC ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The Doctoral thesis develops the theoretical foundations of the new institutional economics and anliza determinants intitucionales of economic policy in Spain. The first part of the thesis develops an economic theory that integrates intitucines, beliefs, history and politics on the tenets of the new económia institutional. It analyzes the foundation metodologícas of institutional analytical narrative. The second part examines the institutional foundations of Spanish economic development in the second half of the twentieth century, from a theoretical approach qu incorporates developments theorists Douglass North and Auner Grief. It looks like the process of institutional change comes a modern economic policy, The third part examines the determinants institucinales of Spanish economic policy: The state congress, federalism.

Author: ARIAS LOVILLO RAUL.
Year: 2003.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESRIALES.

Summary: The thesis makes the construction of an index of sustainable development (IDS), innovative initiative that builds on the agenda of the agenda II and the commission for sustainable development of the UN, which allows guide the design of public policies designed to cope the problems of economic growth, poverty and environmental degradation, based on land-use planning. It aims to demonstrate that a country with the characteristics of Mexico could not promote the preservation of ecosystems, if not simultaneously addresses the serious problems of poverty and economic growth. The theoretical underpinnings of the work focuses on the theories of endogenous growth based on the investment of human capital and, based on the interpretation habermasiana of social reality, it made the proposal for a new environmental soundness. Consequently, based cough is theoretical foundations, the design of the IDS believes the integration of the economic, social and environmental. Faced with the impossibility of calculating an IDS objective for the country as a whole, is elected state veracruz for drawing up the proposal at the municipal level.

Author: CASANOVA DOMENECH M. ELISA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This thesis focuses on the design and analysis of the impact assessment of the Sugar Protocol to the European Community (EC) - Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries as an instrument of cooperation to the economic development of ACP countries beneficiaries. Was shown that transfers monetary implicit received by the ACP participants have failed, in general, an expansion of economic welfare of their economías.Este result has been achieved using, for the period 1975-2000, various econometric models: a linear regression model, a model Bug Fix and a model with data panel.Esto allows us to question that the Sugar Protocol CE-ACP has functioned as a true instrument of cooperation. This study has been complemented on the one hand, with the analysis of the elements that have directly affected the design of the protocol, especially the characteristics of the previous pact with the British sugar producing countries of the Commonwealth and issues related to the integration of the protocol itself in the Common Market Organization (CMO) azúcar.Por other hand, some elements are detected in the functioning of European and international markets for sugar have influenced the final impact of benefits on the welfare of ACP countries participating. On this basis, we suggest two alternative options to the Protocol, permitted the Association Agreement CE-ACP, with the intention of improving trade cooperation on the European sugar ACP.Ambas options are compatible with the rules of the World Trade Organization and depends on the decision of each ACP country respect to the conclusion of an economic partnership agreement with the EC. In any event, we believe that this process of change should be accompanied by the granting of financial and technical assistance targeted to those ACP countries.

Author: RABADI FUAD SULEIMAN.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA.
Place of preparation: ECONOMÍA.

Author: SANCHEZ ASIN JOSE JAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: One of the main tasks that economists of all time have addressed is to discover patterns necessary paraincrementar what Adata Smith dubbed the "wealth of nations". The companies have inquired permanently on lasfuentes of prosperity in order to achieve sustained improvements in the welfare of the citizens. Since some time ago, it is recognized that entrepreneurship plays a key role in economic development and that employers are losvectores essential change in a market economy (American Congress, 1980; OECD, 1998; European Council, 1998) however The economic discipline has maintained a secular businessman absence of economic models, admitting unpapel fundamental in the economy but without the possibility of finding acomodo.La thesis is divided into two parts, the first of Definition Model presents the conceptual framework that leads a modeloexplícito the relationship between growth in per capita income, an indicator of our well-being, and the stock emprendedoresexistentes in the economy at the beginning of the period. The second part, Empirical Evidence, presents the results of contrast delmodelo in OECD countries in the period 1970-2002, and the Spanish autonomous regions between 1980 and 2002.La development of the conceptual framework of the thesis begins with the revision of the key definitions Factor Entrepreneur, lafigura the employer and the company. The following is a detailed analysis of the theory of economic growth, queconstituye one of the traits that distinguish this thesis previous work, acquiring a conceptual framework contrasted dondeintegrar input factor entrepreneur to wealth creation. Below is an extensive review of lasaportaciones in which it has tried to find an economic and social role of the entrepreneur, through which creates másriqueza and welfare if this factor did not exist. Finally, it proposes an equation that can contrast empirical dondeel growth of the per capita income depends on a factor that helps to explain the production by more than simpleacumulación of primary inputs, working hours and hours of use capital.Establecido point the union between the literature on "entrepreneurship" and the literature on economic growth exploratambién the nature of these links, the main hypothesis formulated to check. First, which provides unaasociación positive correlation between growth rate of per capita income / productivity and capital stock enterprise. The second queestablece an association of undetermined sign between growth and welfare per capita growth of capital emprendedorcuando this is measured through the number of entrepreneurs. The third, which suggests the possibility of identifying a limit alcrecimiento of wealth derived from the factor entrepreneur, the limit because the theory predicts that cost transacción.En the second part of the thesis is the contrast empirical hypotheses raised building on the review of literaturaempírica closer to the objective of our research. Initially compares the results of the model convergenciacondicionada when it is framed in terms of growth of GDP per capita and when formulated in terms of crecimientode productivity, ie GDP per occupied. The results show that the model behaves better when seexplica productivity growth to the growth of per capita income. Calibration model, estimating the same for the countries of the OECD confirms that the average annual growth in productivity per capita in a future period of time, is positively associated with the proportion of entrepreneurs in the labor force at the beginning of that period, after decontrolar by the initial productivity and other effects not observed in each country, which confirms the first hipótesis.Seguidamente turns to the second hypothesis, that is the nature 8 of the re 68e lation between productivity growth ycrecimiento the rate of enterprising. Our results show that the association between the two rates is a decrease in negative terms contemporaries. Increases in the rate of entrepreneurs tend to reduce laproductividad half of the economy, probably because it takes time until the new entrepreneurs consiguenniveles productivity for managing inputs, similar to the companies that are active for more tiempo.Algunos first exploratory exercises are aimed in that direction, if we consider that the behavior of the correlaciónentre both variables when growth in the rate of entrepreneurship is delayed several periodos.A then initiates a scan on the third scenario, the possibility of identifying a limit the number deemprendedores, as predicted by theory of transaction costs. The results are inconclusive, leaving this cuestiónpara future research.

Author: SAN SEGUNDO HERNANDEZ ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S.ING. INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. ING. INDUSTRIALES.

Summary: The purpose of this thesis is further investigating the options to strengthen the long-term financial sustainability of energy supplies in developing environments. It is now a reality that the way to approach the problem of universal electrification has not worked properly, as evidenced by the 2,000 million people worldwide who lack access to basic electrical services. Energy services play a key role in improving the quality of life for people, and is a necessary requirement to provide adequate access to them, if they want to achieve the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations for 2015. One of the most problematic elements of the energy supply in developing countries, particularly in rural settings, is the unfairness of the statements, remain a priority discuss ways to increase the accessibility of supply to the poorest. The aim therefore is to understand the economic, political, social and technological developments that have an influence on electrification in developing countries, raising proposals and alternative approaches to improve the effectiveness of cooperation in the sphere of energy. It is necessary to revise the current models taking into account technological improvements produced, the advances made in developed markets for organizing the energy markets, and the new tools offered by financial engineering. The use of renewable technologies for distributed generation solutions is an appropriate response to the needs of energy services in isolated populations as an alternative to the electrification network, while necessary financial models to adapt the constraints of these technologies to the economic circumstances and social recipient populations. In this task to innovate tools and funding models it is necessary to question the role of the principal actors involved in the development agenda, with particular emphasis on the private sector relationships with other institutions: governments, development organizations and international agencies multilateral. The motivation of this thesis arises from concerns about progress in the analysis of the relationships being established between energy supply and economic development in developing countries. This study is considered important to analyze the role played by international institutions in the provision of adequate financing for energy initiatives, in particular the Spanish cooperation, and relationships that are established with development organizations. Deepening relations in the framework of international finance energy, and the role played by various actors involved have made it a priority in this investigation. This research has led to several articles that have been published over the past year in various national and international publications specializing in the subject.

Author: FRUET CARDOZO JUAN VICENTE.
Year: 2005.
University: CÓRDOBA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Faced with the deteriorating socio-economic conditions in which it operates the lives of a large portion of the population of Paraguay, we can say that the funding model for development adopted by the country during the second half of the twentieth century -1950 to 2000 - obviously, it has failed. The main causes of the same should be the one hand, the administration of improper multimillion resources received by the political class. And, on the other hand, controls and reviews inappropriate, as well as the high financial costs charged by the major multilateral development agencies. All this led to the goals expected of the hundreds of projects in all sectors of the economy, were not met, left hand, an overwhelming external debt. Concerned about the current economic scenario, social and political development of the country into which we were born, our doctoral thesis presents alternative models of development finance four economic sectors: road, health, education and housing. With this we offer our humble collaboration, whose sole objective try the beginning of a phase that will lead to a general improvement in living conditions of the Paraguayan population.

Author: MORALES CARRASCO LILIAN VICTORIA.
Year: 2005.
University: DEUSTO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the topics of entrepreneurial dynamism and by studying the trajectory of SMEs from inception to closure or cessation of business aims to provide an update and detail the phenomenon of entrepreneurship in the Autonomous Basque Country. In Chapter 1, comprises the problems which are intended to respond to the development of this investigation. Objects that motivate the study correspond to points of Determinants of the Entry of new ventures, Weight Effect, Concentration and Geographic Areas, and finally Success Factors. In respect of each of them is a review of major theoretical and empirical studies, as outlined in Chapter II, which allows for the state of the art and locate the study in a scientific context. In Chapter III develops Framework that emerges from the literature review and study guides through the proposals. Then, in Chapter IV describes the database used is structured assumptions of the study and sets the statistical methods appropriate for the processing of data within the econometric models. The results from the audit of the assumptions and analysis of descriptive data, are set out in Chapter V. Some of the most important mention that in the case of determining the entrance. There are departures which largely explain the entries. On the other hand, because of the close relationship between inputs and outputs, there is a displacement effect in which the incoming expel the exits with much more intensity from the second year but this influence is maintained until the third inclusive. In the same analysis reveals that it is mostly businesses that have recent pregnancy up to three years in the market, which influence this process relates to new entrants younger. In the case of the location of new ventures seems that the process of concentration occurring in areas specializing in a particular economic activity, ie, motivated by external economies, but on the other hand, the congestion can be caused by the diversity of large cities. The cluster concept can accommodate both diversity and specialization. The analysis of the factors of success is concluded that companies go through a learning process, which enables them to adapt to the environment, using various strategies that differ depending on the size of the new emprenidmiento. In Chapter VI contains the major findings and implications for public authorities, the business sector and the Commonwealth Scientific where proposed future lines of inquiry in the light of this study.

Author: RICO GONZALEZ MARGARITA.
Year: 2006.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: F.Ciencias Económicas Empresariales.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales.

Summary: This Doctoral thesis focuses on the analysis of the contribution of women within the strategies of economic and social development which are linked to the rural area and the employment of its endogenous resources. This analysis is confined to the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon, one of the regions that has suffered the effects of the agricultural crisis, reflected in the gradual economic decline that has been experiencing its vast rural area. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to identify the extent to which rural women of Castile and Leon are contributing financially to the development of the territories they inhabit. To do so, in the first part provides the theoretical framework in which currently fall and interpret studies on women and their participation in development processes, as well as the way in which the various government agencies have adopted and promoted the principle of "equality of opportunity between men and women" in their various areas. Then, in the second part, is an empirical study of the socio-economic reality of the women who inhabit rural areas of Castile and Leon. It used descriptive statistical techniques applied to demographic variables, economic, employment and social and cultural characteristics of rural women, making comparisons in space and time. Asimismo se utilizan técnicas estadísticas multivariantes, que han permitido poner en relación gran número de variables referidas a la situación socioeconómica de las mujeres y de los municipios de las zonas rurales, determinando cuantitativamente la contribución de la mujer al desarrollo rural. Finally, the third part is an analysis applied in the real contribution of women to rural development in the case of entrepreneurship within the rural tourism sector in Castilla y Leon.

Author: SAIZ SANTOS MARIA.
Year: 2006.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: This paper aims at determining the influence of public action to support the creation of new businesses can have on entrepreneurial activity and economic development of countries. Try to fill the gap in research on the assessment of public programs to support new entrepreneurs, proposing a system of indicators that will enable public entities dedicated to the support of the entrepreneurial activity to assess the impact and effectiveness of their performances . Based on the data obtained from a random sampling of 2000 people in the Basque Country, framed in the methodology GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), as well as in-depth interviews with experts, has been measured capacity and entrepreneurial activity in the Basque Country compared with that in other countries. The results obtained in this study have revealed that there is little knowledge of aid aimed at entrepreneurs. Likewise, it has been found that the rates of business start-ups have a delayed impact on the level of economic development of countries, more pronounced in case of start-ups for reasons of necessity, or lack of other job opportunities.

Author: Prats Cabrera Joan Oriol.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas i Sociología.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.

Summary: What is the main reason for the differences in income between countries? What are the main obstacles to development? These are questions that the political economy has sought to answer for centuries. At present, the theory of development has reached a consensus that the roots of the differences in the levels of welfare are in the institutions of each country. Until the late 80's I believe that the development was based more on the accumulation of factors in the institutional and organizational change. Later, analysis from the economic history showed the importance of institutional change for growth. Other theoretical perspectives and a large crowd of empirical studies have validated the importance of institutions for desarrollo4. International agencies have understood the importance of setting rules and organizations articulate and collective action from supplying better incentives to political and economic actors, but the efforts put into institutional reform have not achieved the desired objectives. This paper argues that this is due to a limited understanding of the emergency and institutional change, which has inconsiderate the role of informal institutions at both politically and financially. The emphasis on the way the operation has prevented change de facto institutions. This is shown theoretically to trabes of the review of literature and criticism experimentally by studying the processes of economic transformation and reform of the state in Latin America and the case study of Bolivia. At the theoretical level it is proposed to review the new economic institutionalism (NIE) from the economic sociology and some of the results of experimental economics. The NIE highlighted the importance of institutions for economic growth, but without delving into the transformation of the informal networks that operate under formal institutions or blockades to study changes pareto-óptimos stemming from the lack of social legitimacy of the institutions. On the one hand, the NIE combined with the economic sociology and the sociology of development provides the tools to define conceptually institutions and informal study as foster or block institutional change from the strategies of different social groups. The NIE has adopted a vague concept of undifferentiated institutions within the limits of other concepts such as informal, culture or mental models, which are long-standing concepts in sociology. This has led to think that you can 'import' or institutions apply 'by decree', which has had serious implications for the institutional reforms carried out in many countries. On the other hand, the economy pilot has shown that the logic of 'homo economicus' is not applicable in all contexts. In this regard, policies involving changes pareto-óptimos may not be accepted by the population unless it is part of a situation prior legitimacy in the distribution of power resources. As demonstrated by Kahneman and others, people do not appreciate the changes only absolute but relative change, and therefore can block situations that would give them more if they are more remote from the average. Additionally, as pointed manfiesto the Ultimatum Game, people will not accept an unfair distribution but provide them with benefits economicos5. In many places, the strong reaction against privatization goes against the strict economic rationality since, although pose a benefit for the most disadvantaged classes, these have been mobilized strongly against, sometimes quite violently, as described in Bolivia case study. This phenomenon is coupled with the strategic use of cognitive limitations and symbolism by the leaders of movements so 8 partners c ad7 on the intention of political gain. More generally, this work also is in the tradition of those who have stressed the importance of personal relationships and social impact on the construction and operation of the institutions, which emphasize the importance of networks of patronage in the running of political institutions, those who study the importance of the informal sector for economic development, and those who seek to explain the current discontent with the reforms in Latin America. From this logic means that development depends on the construction of rules to coordinate the expectations and actions of the political, economic and social and produce a framework for analysis to understand the construction of the institutions as a process based on the conflict among actors operating at multiple levels. This study is organized into three main large parties. In a first addressed from the perspective macrosistemica transformations that have befallen the theory of development over the past 50 years, describing the major changes in the dependent variables and independent of the 'equation of development'. In turn, it demonstrates empirically the importance of institutions and analyzes the interrelationships between allocations of factors, history and institutions trabes of blockades historical building institutions in Latin America. In a second part, are reviewed schools institutionalism and its major contributions to development theory and elaborated in the influence of informal institutions for development from the review criticizes the new economic institutionalism. In the third part, we study the changes in the economic and political model in Latin America and Bolivia to show how informal networks operate and what are their effects on the policies and institutions. Below is described in more detail the content, assumptions and methodology of each of these large blocks.