THEORY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

Author: ROA GARCIA MARIA JOSE.
Year: 2003.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The aim of the thesis is to explain economic growth simultaneously incorporating the growing trend in per capita output with irregular fluctuations generated endógenamente, the possibility of unemployment of labor and endogenous growth of the population. To meet this goal work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a review of models of exogenous and endogenous growth more representative. In chapter two is a review of the theory of complex or chaotic dynamics and their application to the theory of economic growth. Interest in this type of system in economy lies in the observation of many complex economic phenomena of evolution, typical of the chaotic dynamic systems. In chapter three produced a pattern of growth where fluctuations in the labor market is in permanent imbalance. This has been modeled operation mechanism of an economy in which the productive sector and trabajadores-consumidores decide exogenously resource allocation between producing either end and generating knowledge. This scheme is based on the work of Goodwin (1967), while the process of accumulation of knowledge has been modeled according to the ideas of Lucas (1988). To introduce the effect of unemployment has been considered a Phillips curve is not linear. The main results of the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the model are: a) the accumulation of knowledge is the factor that ensures long-term growth (though there are periods where output per capita decreases), b) greater development, higher rate economic growth and greater irregularity in its dynamic behavior, and c) increased bargaining power of workers, the smaller the rate of employment and per capita output, without affecting their behavior dinámico.En chapter four introduce endogenous growth the population in the model developed in the previous chapter. Based on the work done within the literature of endogenous population, we raised an optimization problem where parents choose the number of children and enter the result in the growth model with cyclical unemployment. The introduction of endogenous growth of the population in the model produces a demographic transition that describes the historical evolution of the rate of population growth. This development is characterized by an initial stage where the growth rate increases, and then, after the transition phase, a second phase where the growth rate decreases and tends to stagnate. During the transition behavior of the variables is stable. However, after this stability lies a profound structural change: the shift in population growth.

Author: MORÁN CIRKOVIC HUMBERTO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: CC.EE Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: UNIV. COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.

Summary: The work is a study of multidisciplinary nature that seeks to study the relationship between information technology and the economy. Inparticular, argues that computer products have characteristics that affect the rationality of economic agents usual, creating distortions in mercadosy concentration of wealth in the long term-among other effects economicos.Entre the special characteristics of IT assets is point out the uncertainty of its creation and use; its relationship with the knowledge; substitutability,, complementariedady requirements compatibility, and its close relationship with innovacióñ and productivity. These features translate into significant. R economlasde scale consumption (network effects); of scale and scope in production (by the low costs of production algunosde their property suchas software and the reduction of risks in portfolios distributed respectively) and a aumentoartificial the destruction Schumpeterianaconsecuencia of forced obsolescence. Besides, these computer products allow for the creation of spaces economicoscontrolados as a consequence of partial standardization of the interfaces between different products and fragmentation of compatibility and synergy. Among the effects económicosque these characteristics are recognized generate great potential for development and concentraciÓnde wealth and creaci6n spaces econdmicosque translate into monopoliosjel potential for creating bubbles economicasj altering the characteristics of the goods and computer interfaces with strategic purposes; bias reduction and innovation; social change; frictional unemployment overall reduction of the ecological efficiency economicay dano. The investigative exercise of this impediment), or shows that the hypothesis is cumpley that the characteristics of the goods informaticos give rise to comportamientosdesconocidos and / or dismissed so far by science económica.Se acknowledge several failures mercadoen the computer industry that disminuyenla efficiency econófuicay affect development in a negative way. Finally, it recomiendanuna series of policies aimed at improving the impact económicoy social these products.

Author: PEREZ PINEDA JORGE ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: This article illustrates the reproduction of regional differences that impact on growth and imbalances between states and regions in Mexico, he period from 1970 to 1998.Partiendo based on the premise that the spatial concentration of resources can explain a significant portion the income approach addressed suggests that there are two types of variables that capture the growth factors and thus determinants of imbalances. Such variables can be considered kind of spatial and non espacial.Las first name from consideration space in any of its forms and the latter basadasa variables and conventional measures on some sort of enterprise and market representativo.En around these variables, and using two types of methodologies, we analyze the influence of spatial factor on growth. The first method is based on simple statistical ratios, and the second in the spatial econometrics, the use of which is necessary when working with comments and phenomena associated spatially. The results of the model estimates at the state level, compared with other countries work on more desarrollados.Se notes that the space is a very important explanatory factor in Mexico and that it could explain two-thirds to half of the income, contrary to what happens in the reference countries.

Author: PIGEM I VIGO MÓNICA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE CIÈNCIES ECONÒMIQUES I EMPRESARIALS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE CIÈNCIES ECONÓMIQUES I EMPRESARIALS.

Summary: The main aim of the thesis is to try to answer two questions theoretical motivated by certain empirical facts: Do you can get international trade to spread sustained growth with a stagnant economy? And if so Do you through what mechanisms?. To that end, the work is divided into four chapters and a section of conclusions. In the first, introductory in nature, presents the existing literature on international trade and economic growth, explaining how they work objectives fall within this framework theoretical and empirical. To respond to the two main issues that motivate the thesis developed following four theoretical models of economic growth and international trade spread in chapters two, three and four. In all cases submitted comparing the growth rates of countries autarchy with those achieved in a context of free trade. Evaluating the results of the different models, allows us to conclude that the impact generated by international trade may become important enough to convey sustained growth in a stagnant economy. Similarly identified two mechanisms economic outreach: the evolution of the terms of trade, increasingly favorable to the stagnant economy, and increasing the volume of trade when the terms of trade are continuing.

Author: Martín Arnaiz José Lorenzo.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Derecho.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales.

Summary: The goal we propose in this thesis is to explore the connection between human capital and competitiveness, to determine to what extent human capital helps to explain the competitiveness of an economy in general and the Spanish economy, in particular. The first three chapters of our investigation we have devoted to the study of human capital. We conducted a conceptual delineation of human capital, we set the theoretical framework for analysis, we analyze the various indicators used to measure and examine various studies that utlizan variables of human capital to explain the growth in productivity and income. The following three chapters are devoted to the study of competitiveness. We conducted a conceptual definition of competitiveness, we look at the various indicators used to measure and examine various studies that attempt to compare the impact on the competitiveness of their determinants. The last three chapters we have devoted to the study of the connection between human capital and competitiveness. We carried out a review of the academic literature and documents in the institutional appearing theoretical arguments that support the existence of a strong link between human capital and competitiveness. Also, we look at various studies that are presented econometric models which relate in a manner closer competitiveness and human capital. And finally, we conducted a structural analysis of the connection between human capital and competitiveness in the OECD countries for the period 1985-2000. To that end, we look at the evolution of a number of variables: population, GDP per capita, GDP per worker, the burden of investment in GDP, the percentage of population above 25 years who has reached a certain level of education , the burden of education spending in GDP and the competitive position of countries (measured by market share and competitiveness matrix). In addition, an analysis of correlations between variables educational and GDP per capita, on the one hand, and between the level of human capital and market share, on the other hand, to study the degree of interconnectedness. The results of analysis of the connection between the level of education and market share are consistent with the results of the econometric models of the relationship between human capital and competitiveness. Thus, in many OECD countries, among which is Spain, the interrelationship between competitive position and the level of human capital is pretty intense. In Spain, during the period 1985-2000, while the level of education of the population as market share are experiencing high growth rates. Despite improving our level of human capital and our competitiveness structural still in the year 2000 the Spanish educational system provides skilled human resources in proportion to the bottom of all OECD countries, which adversely affects the position competitive Spain, less favorable than that of a country representative of the OECD. This is a priority that justifies an economic policy that encourages the formation of human capital as a way of stimulating growth and competitiveness.

Author: AGNANI GAMBACORTA BETTY.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Author: SANSO NAVARRO MARCOS.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA.

Summary: THE THESIS COMPUESTA BY THIS THREE ORIGINAL RESEARCH. THE FIRST OF THEM CONTAINING A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMETRIA TEORICA ON THE PROPOSED TO BE A SCREENING METHOD OF ATIPICOS ADDITIVES ROBUSTO THE PRESENCE OF HETEROSCEDASTICIDAD CONDITIONAL. THE SECOND IS A CHARACTER AND ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARITY DISCOVERED ON LONG-TERM USE OF INTERESTS TECHNIQUES COINTEGRACION GIVEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIABLES INVOLVED IN THE SAME. TEST THIS IS VERY INTO ACCOUNT THE PRESENCE OF RUPTURAS STRUCTURAL RELATING TO THE PRESENCE OF A PREMIUM OF VARIABLE RISK IN LONG-TERM BONDS. BY LAST, THE THIRD OF WORK IS A MODEL FOR GROWTH IN THE THEORY THAT INTRODUCEN SIMULTANEAMENTE A PROCESS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND THE EXISTENCE OF A COMMON MONETARY POLICY. THERE OBJETICO IS THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THIS LAST EJERCE ON TWO COUNTRIES HETEROGENEOS INMERSOS IN A PROCESS OF INTEGRATION.

Author: MARTÍN BARROSO VÍCTOR.
Year: 2005.
University: REY JUAN CARLOS [www.urjc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS.

Summary: El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre la variación de las exportación y la del PIB, en las cuatro últimas décadas de la economía española, con el objetivo de establecer la posible existencia de una relación causal que corrobore la hipótesis de la importancia de la apertura exterior the economic growth of Spain.