MEDICAL SCIENCE

Author: MONTORO LASECA RAFAEL JESÚS.
Year: 1992.
University: SEVILLA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA. UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA.

Summary: In this paper we have studied the electrophysiological properties of neurons intrinsic layer II-III of the visual cortex of guinea pig, with the technique of recording of intracellular membrane potential in sections of the brain in vitro. Have also been studied in the area CA1 of the rat hippocampus, the changes produced by the treatment of sections with N-metil-D-asartato (NMDA), or high extracellular potassium, in the synaptic response obtained in the state of phosphorylation the protein type 2-associated microtubules (MAP2). We have found in these layers of the visual cortex two groups of neurons. Some tonic, with the adjustment of the frequency of generating action potentials (PDA), during pulses of current, and others with an initial grouping of the first two ADP, with a wide interval between the second and third action potential, so the instantaneous frequency shooting fits almost entirely in the third and PDA. In this second type of relationship initial grouping instantaneous frequency / pulse intensity for 2Â sixth PDA, is worth at least four times the rate found in the tonic, and the duration of this 2Â fourth ADP is the largest grouping to happen while that tonic cells, the length of ADP always increases gradually over the pulse. Both cells as a tonic cells with initial grouping, have a long-term adjustment when stimulated with a pulse current repeatedly. This adaptation depends on how direct the hyperpolarisation reached during stimulation. The answer obtained in synaptic neurons in the hippocampal area CA1 of the stimulating stratum radiatum, introduced two components. The first is the characteristics of a response monosináptica. In 43% of the cells were also obtained another component, which has the characteristics of a home polisináptico. The application of NMDA to the section hippocampus originates depression at component monosináptico, followed by empowerment and the advent of component polisináptico in 89% of cells that were not previously. Treatment with a solution with high potassium, which causes a depolarization amplitude and duration similar to that obtained with NMDA, creates a depression component monosináptico, which sometimes follows a strengthening of the same, but does not induce the appearance of the component polisináptico . The application of the NMDA section, also induces a desfosforilación quite selective of MAP2, which is not accompanied by proteolysis of this protein. This desfosforilación is inhibited by calmidazolium but no acid okadaico, suggesting that the desfosforilación is done by the so-called protein phosphatase calcineurin. Treatment with high extracellular potassium, on the other hand induces an increase in the state of phosphorylation of MAP2. This increase occurs only when the application of high potassium took place in the presence of calmidazolium, which is an inhibitor of protein kinase C. One possible explanation for these results is that the entry of Ca2 + to activate the internal cellular enzyme cascades different, depending on what happens through NMDA receptors or through genetic channels Ca2 +-dependent voltage.

Author: CASTELLANOS HERNÁNDEZ MARIA ELENA.
Year: 2000.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNVIERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.

Summary: Since the 50's there was strong evidence of the relationship between consumption of snuff during pregnancy and a number of adverse effects such as low birth weight, prematurity, placenta previa, abortion, or SIDS asthma, among others. In recent years there has been a gradual increase of women of reproductive age who smoke in Spain. Only 25% delas smokers quit smoking during pregnancy. There is a growing concern at the increased risk associated with snuff for them, for their purposes and for their children. ASSUMPTIONS The structured medical advice during prenatal care by the obstetrician: 1-Increase the likelihood of quitting smoking during pregnancy. 2-Reduce relapse postpartum (6 months). 3-Reduce consumption of those who continue to smoke. PATIENTS AND METHODS 1-Control Group (CG): Gestantes smokers who receive care at birth at the Hospital del Mar between 1.1 and 31.12.1996. 2-Intervention Group (GI): Gestantes smokers who receive prenatal care at the hospital Sea between 1.1 and 31.12.1997. Instrumentalización: Brochure aimed at pregnant smokers. Leaf registration smoking integrated with the clinical history. Determinations cotinina in urine. Inquiry in the immediate postpartum and telephone survey to 6 months. RESULTS Abandonment spontaneous before the 1Â th visit: GC 20.1%, GI 17.7%. Banadono overall pregnancy: GC 25.1%, GI 28.6%, an interventional effect of 5.9% (ns). Abstinence to 6 months: GC 36.4%, GI 64.3%, an interventional effect of 27.9% (s) Reduction in consumption which do not leave: GC 73%, GI 89% (en). Cotinina: VPN overall 82.9%. Predictores lack of success and recurrence: higher consumption, age, low education, single, occupational exposure / home, not previous attempts to quit, artificial feeding. CONCLUSIONS Intervention: 1, - were associated with a slight increase of giving up smoking during pregnancy, not statistically significant. 2, favors abstinence-to 6 months post-partum so statistically significant. 3-promotes the reduction of consumption. 4, repeated non-intervention increases infradeclaración.

Author: GROISS BUIZA JORGE.
Year: 2002.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Author: CABALLERO GARCIA JUAN CARLOS.
Year: 2002.
University: CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD, LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO.

Summary: In this PhD thesis presented an analysis of the action of the game in tennis individually. Based on work done on different sports intend to undertake a systemic analysis of the action of the game, studying the structure and dynamics in the individual tennis. From the perspective of roles and subroles Sociomotor raised by the structural model of the action game, we try to explain within the tennis individual if there is a relationship between the gestures technical service and the rest in terms of their form and technical leadership, as well as explore their gender differences and depending on the type of surface. For the fieldwork look ten games of the men's singles, and another category of women, in different tournaments held during the year 2002, within the most prestigious and in different areas such as: fast track in the Australian Open and Sydney ( January); trail in the grass tournaments Hertogenbosh, Eastbourne, London and Wimbeldon (June), and ramp land, the Davis Cup Tournament between Spain and Morocco (February), Godó (April) and Rome (May); in the last four final eliminations, quantifying the shares through a control sheet created by the author for the purpose. The results show a large number of significant correlations between gestures technicians studied and differences with respect to these variables entree different surfaces and gender that allow us to conclude that when training should work all of them. Finally, our research work aimed at creating an expectation giving further work to deepen the analysis of this sport.

Author: HERNANDEZ ALFARO FEDERICO.
Year: 2002.
University: INTERNACIONAL DE CATALUÑA.
Place of defense: UNIV. INT.DE CATALUNYA.
Place of preparation: UNIV. INTERNACIONAL DE CATALUNYA-CAMPUS SANT CUGAT.

Summary: A prospective study was performed to assess a technical original recontruccion of maxillary atrrofico on 25 patients. The technique consisted of a simultaneous realization of Le Fort I osteotomy, reconstruction through interposition grafts compounds obtained from the iliac crest, replacement of anteroinferior jaw reconstructed and finally installation of implants by transmucosal. There were a total of 167 implants in 25 patients. We evaluated the survival of the implants in the jaw reconstructed and the stability of each of them at different stages of treatment by the device Periotest. The results are compared with those obtained with other techniques collected from the literature. The conclusions of the study are: 1. The reconstruction of maxillary Atrophicans through maxillary osteotomy progress and decline, iliac crest grafts cortico-esponjosos of immediate and implants, is a predictable procedure. 2. The survival of the implants with this tÂ'cnica is superior to that obtained from the techniques in two times by other authors. 3. With this procedure there are more failures of implants in women. 4. There trend though sis significance estadistica- failure implant short. 5. The prognosis of the implants placed according to this technique, lessens the degree of maxillary atrophy. 6. Implants can be installed in this technique by transmucosal this without compromising the viability of the same. 7. The burden prosthetic progressive in cases reconstructed with this technique improves stability of fixations.

Author: PLAZA CANTELI SUSANA.
Year: 2002.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: It describes the design and implementation of a short stay in the service of internal medicine Severo Ochoa Hospital in Leganes, and the results and impact on hospital activity in a three-year period of activity. The unit was created without budget changes in the material or human resources service. Severo Ochoa Hospital Leganés is located in the belt of large populations around the south of the city of Madrid and in a specific area where there was at the time a sustained deficit of hospital beds and its population shows a pattern with a high index resource utilization of public health as opposed to other modes. The intense pressure of care to which it was subjected hospital prompted us to resort to alternative proposals for the period of time necessary for the opening of the new hospital Fuentabrada. To that end was raised to create a unit Hospitalization Medical Short Stay in the Department of Internal Medicine that was able to increase the performance of available resources without affecting the quality of care. The unit had 16 of the 94 beds in the service of Internal Medicine. To assess the impact of this new mode of hospitalization on the parameters care and hospital management of the Department of Internal Medicine, we compared the results of the service during the first 9 months of the year 1999 (period called "pre-UCE") with the same period in the year 2000, with the unit already in operation (period "post-UCE"). Because human and material resources in the service of Internal Medicine have not changed with the launch of the UCE, we believe in the second period, the activity developed by the 16-bed short-stay as part of the overall service. We also compare the results of the care most frequent diagnoses of Unity encoded by GRD (diagnosis related groups) with the same GRD areas of medical hospitalization (conventional Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Neumología etc..). We note an increase in the number of high respect to the same period last year. There was also a significant decrease in the average stay of the service. Moreover best results were seen in the comparison care for GRD. The dedication on the part of the resources of a service to optimize the residence of a selected group of patients by means of short-stay income represents an effective mechanism to improve the care and management parameters undiminished apparent in the quality of assistance. This improvement is based on the use of a methodology different from the rest of patients in the service once they have been conveniently selected from a list of diseases that could be managed as a short stay. The development of new activity not only improves indices for itself, but who gets to act as a lever for the rest of the service that has been able to improve their results independently.

Author: NAVARRO GARCҍA EDUARDO.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The objectives of this study estÃÂ ¡No oriented in three directions. 1) investigaciÃÂ ³ n histÃÂ ³ rich (IH) of water Minerals and Mineromedicinales the Islands Canarias.2) InvestigaciÃÂ ³ n analÃÂtica (AI) of water Minerals Firgas.3) InvestigaciÃÂ ³ n farmacolÃÂ ³ gica (IF) of the Mineral Waters of Firgas.Resultados: within IH It has been found that the nÃÂ eighth mere springs exixtentes in the Canary Islands in mid-nineteenth was 2940.En currently remains plentiful The nÃÂ eighth mere springs with algÃÂ º n type clasificaciÃÂ charges in the Canary Islands was 67.El nÃÂ º mero de Balnerarios 10. The waters of Firgas were declared mineromedicinales in 1909 and utility pÃÂ sixth Republic in 1929.Hasta our dÃÂas have been used in dispepsias, gout, cystitis, renal stones, estreÃÂ ± dures, intoxicaciÃÂ ³ n hepÃÂ ¡tica, athletes, geriatrÃÂa, alimentaciÃÂ ³ n infantil.Dentro of AI It has been shown steadfastness deacrÃÂ ³ nica of parÃÂ ¡meters fÃÂsico-quÃÂmicos and quÃÂmicos of water from the springs in Firgas: Source Agria, La Ideal, The Perfect I II.Se The Perfect has shown xonstante absence of bacteria indicator of possible contaminaciÃÂ ³ n to travÃÂ © s of anÃÂ ¡lisis bacteriolÃÂ ³ gicos.Se have studied the characteristics anaÃÂticas spring The Ideal II, coming to prove that they are agual carbogaseosas, hipotÃÂ ³ nicas, low mineralizaciÃÂ charges and predominantly bicarbonatadas-calcio-magnÃÂ © sicas.Dentro the FIs are has shown that the waters of Firgas may have ligeramentes sedantes.Presentan stimulating activity of the treatment gastrointestinal.Presentan effects laxatives and diuretics and hapatoprotectores.Poseen effects facilitates absorciÃÂ charges of fÃÂ ¡rmacos of carÃÂ ¡cter ÃÂ ¡cido.Poseen effects bradicardizantes and reduce the presiÃÂ ³ n arterial sistÃÂ ³ lica.

Author: BARCALA FURELOS ROBERTO JESUS.
Year: 2003.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DE PONTEVEDRA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO.

Summary: The investigation is a process alive and continuously desarrollo.Los progress cientifícos provide a better quality of life (on a personal level and / or social), can cover various fields of knowledge. In this line of trbajo and with the intent to make a document of scientific rigor and social utility is the object of investigación.En It analyzes the extent to which the "Development and implementation of a training program in basic guidelines to protect themselves and accidents, adapted to niñós blind and visually impaired "could be viable and contribute to the improvement of personal autonomy activation of the chain of survival and application of first aid in case of accidents. Through this research project has developed a training program for young blind and visually impaired, which addresses three key objectives: -Diseñar a training program to children blind and visually impaired people to improve their personal autonomy and that involves a social benefit. - To assess the feasibility of the program, the validity of the adjustments to the techniques and protocols, as well as learning cuantitativo-cualitativo of students. - Contribute (to the extent possible) in order proposed by the WHO, which is none other than a 25% decrease in the number of accidents and their consequences for children by the year 2005. The descriptive and experimental process has been developed during the years 2003 and 2004.Los subjects studied representing the people of Galicia, Avila, Salamanca and Zamora, children blind sexes and visually impaired (without discapacidads added) affiliated with the ONCE. The statistical treatment of results has been conducted by the SPSS software package to see. 11.0 analyzed more than 68 dependent variables. The findings of the study have been positivas.La most of the student as the end of the program learning the basic patterns of self-protection and emergency communication as well as procedures to be followed in early auxilios.Los results are encouraging, since the contents and especially the activation of the chain of survival, based on the data provided by the retest was set for the long term.

Author: PELETEIRO PENSADO MANUEL.
Year: 2003.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The femoral defects are congenital malformation that ranges from a simple shortening through forms with alterations shaft and ossification defects, a partial or total absence of the femur. The incidence is low and its causes poorly understood. Malformations are frequent partners. For treatment we have methods to correct the difference in length, provide stability and continuity skeletal articulate, with the aim of facilitating the march, as the use of external prosthesis extension and different techniques quirúrgicas.Como objective of the study had been raised: analysis the risk factors that are associated with the malformation, analyze the natural evolution of the defect femoral radiographic data and evaluate radiographic predictive, learn how different treatments affect the natural history and dig into the perceived health status or quality of life of the patient in adulthood. We studied retrospectively 92 patients of, their 16 had a bilateral affectation. The diagnosis was made at the time of acimiento except 1i patients, and seguimi5'mto medio'fue of 11.7 years, with a total of 34 patients with more than 14 years of seguimiento.Los data were collected according to a protocol, family history, maternal gestational data, clinical presentation and associated malformations were classified each case. We analyzed in detail all radiographs, in the first months of life and at four different ages. During development. It collects information on treatments. Made; 23 patients in whom it is performed bone elongation and 14 to be made valgus osteotomy of the hip. In 39 patients, was administered via telephone interview questionnaire SF-12 on health status. The 28.3% had an impact isolation. Present instability hip 36 fémures, there is statistically significant relationship with variables obtained in the radiographic analysis in the first year of life. The angle diafisario decreases with the growth and varización of the hip is higher in cases with ossification defects. Of the total elongate members observed a high rate of complications higher in the most serious cases. All those cases with defects in the ossification that was performed an osteotomy of the hip, osificó defect. The results of analysis of quality of life showed that there were no differences by age or either sex, mental values are comparable with the average for. Population Reference and physical values about 20% are below normal cases with poor results after a lengthening with hip instability and bilateral polimalformaciones serious cases. The cause is unknown in most cases d, and has been described the relationship with maternal diabetes. Instability hip implies a worse resultadofuncional. The acetabular dysplasia and how femoral are prognostic for the future stability of the hip, confirming other studies. The ossification of the outline cartilaginous depends on an appropriate femoral shaft: get good results' in resolving the pseudoartrosis through osteotomies valguizantes without input from bone graft. We have not found any functional benefits in patients in whom it is performed amputations for adaptation prosthetic. We found no differences in health status by referring patients to be performed femoral lengthening regardless of the degree of femoral affectation. As conclusions; Within the complex malformative related embriofetopatía diabetic femoral defects are congenital. It confirms the existence of factors radiographic predictions of the evolution of the malformation. The correction of femoral shaft resolves the shortcomings of ossification proximal if there cartilaginous outline. About 80% of patients once they have reached maturity, have a quality of life comparable to the average for the reference population.

Author: MORILLAS RUIZ JUANA M..
Year: 2003.
University: CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO DE MURCIA.
Place of preparation: UCAM.

Summary: Although widely known benefits of physical activity, there is also considerable evidence that, during his practice increases the production of free radicals (RL) that produce oxidative damage in muscle tissue, liver, blood, and possibly, other structures (Davies et al., 1982). In the body there is a balance between RL that are constantly forming and substances with antioxidant activity when this balance is broken in the sense that increases the amount of RL originated and / or substances with antioxidant activity are insufficient to capture appears so-called oxidative stress. Recently, it has substantially increased the interest in this topic, as well as the effect of antioxidant therapy. Since oxidative damage is a fact of life in the exercise or during a strenuous activity, especially in individuals not trained, the effects of supplemental antioxidants and performance is controversial, and probably of little effect, it is clear that antioxidants and performance is controversial and probably of little effect, it is clear that the antioxidant prevent some of the oxidative damage induced by exercise. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of antixoidantes mostly polifonolicos contained in a drink designed for athletes replacement on the oxidative stress in the laboratory resulted in a group of professional cyclists. The specific objectives are to analyze such an effect through various markers of oxidative stress as follows: * The total antioxidant status of lipid peroxidation products * * oxidation protein products. * Nievels activity of the enzyme lactate and crantinaquinasa. The analysis of the previous biomarkers will enable us to evaluate the laboratory methods that better reflect oxidative damage in the conditions of the study. It also explores stability during the time in the antioxidant capacity of the drink designed alamcenada in darkness for a period of 1 year. In cyclists trained aerobic physical activity developed in testing effort conducted in the laboratory for 90 minutes at 79% of VO2 max generates muscle damage, as is clear from the increase in plasma levels of creatinaquinasa. It also produces oxidative stress induced by exercise, as there is an increase in lipid peroxidation of ccilistas at the end of the placebo test detected by analyzing TBARS on samples drawn at the time immediately after ejercilcio. The use of a beverage with antixoidantes polifenólicos compared to a placebo has shown dimsinución the degree of oxidation protein induced by actvidiad physics. Analysis of carbonyl groups, as biomarcador oxidation protecia, has proven to be an effective method senbile and to detect the effect of suplmentación with antioxiandtes on oxidative stress induced by the physical development activitie cyclists. No significant differences were observed when analyzing plasma total antioxidant status in cyclists who have ingested the drink with phenolic compounds from placebo. The high variations interindivudlaes obseravadas in biomarker analysis warrant for the effect of antioxidants on oxidative stress resutla be used as a control to the same subjects receiving sumplementación antioxidant.

Author: VARELA DURÁN MARINA.
Year: 2003.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIRUGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONÓMA DE MADRID ,FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIRUGIA.

Summary: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a very important disease epidemiology and clínica.Su mortality rate stands at 50% of patients with this syndrome admitted units críticos.El study of ARDS, since its first description in 1965, has been the subject of numerous trabajjos of clinical and experimental research. The ARDS is defined by a series of Criteria are: establishment of Hypoxemia sharp, Infeltrados alveolar diffuse in the RX chest, reduction of pulmonary elasticity and the absence of heart failure. Have been employed in recent years different ventilatory strategies, in order to better menejo of these patients, ninguan of them has improved the survival of these patients, but it has improved our knowledge of the ventilation SDRA.Desde a few years ago the ventilatory treatment of ARDS is the so-called "STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION OF VENTILATION PULMONAR" (VPP), which consists of using mechanical ventilation volumes correentes low and high frequency breathing, in order to not exceed a pressure of 30cm H20.Esta strategy has been associated the use of PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuvers (MRA). These exercises are based on the concept of opening the largest number of units pulmonary alveolar and keep abiertas.Todavía have not been studied as a whole have not been studied in its entirety effects pulmonary and hemodynamic of the various MRA. The use of PEEP associated with VPP in ARDS has been studied by different authors there are numerous research papers that the use of PEEP value equals or exceeds the turning point inferiro (IPM) calculated on the curve w / v.Sin hand, use of lower PEEP at this point is still under study. The reason dela perform this work in an experimental model of ARDS pilot was the comparison of different maneuvers alveolar recruitment (MRA) total and simple respect to its effects, and pulmonary and hemodynamic assessment of the use in the handling of ARDS in ventilatory PEEP worth less than the lower turning point (IPM) in the curve w / v

Author: LÓBEZ VEA OLGA.
Year: 2003.
University: INTERNACIONAL DE CATALUÑA.
Place of defense: CAMPUS SANT CUGAT.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This study responds to the need to optimize a type of prosthetic rehabilitation treatment that has experienced a boom in recent years: the overdentures. It intends to provide some reliable protocols and standards in the pursuit of this type of prosthesis which will ultimately provide greater satisfaction to the patient. Among the many factors involved in the process of developing these prostheses select the retention capacity of a sobredentadura lower retained by two anchors. Specifically, our goal was to assess the deduction at the outset and after the passage of time simulating a clinical use for 2.5 years by comparing five different anchoring systems chosen from among more common in the market. Anchors of the study were: Endosnap (anchor unit to friction type ball), ZAAG (anchor intraradicular to friction unit), a bar of gold pefil oval retendida two clips ackermann and two soft materials overshoot (Silicon sofreliner and resin Eversoft) on a bar of gold oval profile. We prefer for experimentation in the laboratory with the aim of standardizing the most of the units to compare and gain greater control over working conditions. To simulate the repeated maneuver inserción-desinserción of prostheses numerous cycles were to design a machine that we call "Desgastest." The performance measures were conducted at different intervals with the Instron machine. Fianalmente the statistical analysis allowed us to provide comparable results.

Author: PRIETO CHECA.
Year: 2003.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID.

Summary: The paper Anticipadas Wills, also called Instruction previews, or Vital Testament, gives the patient a legal framework to make their preferences in care at the end of life advance, if it were to be unable to participate in decisions. It seems that the end of the legislators with the regulation of the new law was to ensure respect for the decisions of the patient at the end of his life. Providing choice between different therapeutic options reasonable, allowing each individual patient, if they want to decide the option that best suits their character and according to their previous values, properly expressed. The reality in Spain is that this law, but acknowledged, it is not exercised regularly. This thesis consists of two independent studies: The first is a descriptive study, conducted by reviewing medical records of patients in terminal program for the past five years in two urban centers of Madrid. This is an indication of the degree of information such patients, as well as the level of written expression of their wishes in care at the end of life, as reflected in these stories. This study seeks to learn the attitude that currently have primary care practitioners and that is reflected in the medical records, in terms of information and degree of choice in patient care at the end of their lives. The second study methodology used by "key informants" to obtain the views and ideas for improvements that experts proposed in our midst in reference to the paper Anticipadas Wills and the election of a representative. Starting from the idea of poor knowledge of the law and the choice of patient care at the end of life and valued in previous studies, people who used to work for her, they have frequent contact with decision-making at the end of life in the patient's home, such as palliative care professionals home. Considering that their views can be a particularly valuable contribution in improving the document and its functionality adapted to our culture. The results of both studies, we can analyze some of the causes responsible for not exercising this right are barely regulated in our country, so on that basis, opening the debate on the topic among professionals and political bodies or health may have some responsibility in ensuring and publicize the rights of the individual. Not forgetting that the person responsible for patient information according to the Basic Law 41/2002 is the doctor treating him. The information and the right of choice of the patient become part of the "lex artis" or the proper treatment, as an additional element. Like respect for the decisions that the patient takes, in a way anticipated or not.

Author: ANTUNES FÉLIX SERGIO MANUEL.
Year: 2003.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA.

Summary: In 60 molars without decay, including in acrylic, has been applied pressure and there have been simulated cavities oclustales standardized that were restored with materials fotoactivados (adhesive, AdheSE ®, Tetric Ceram ® and Tetric Flow ®). Techniques restauradoras were: Incremental slant, with liner, with the cone of light and block. The teeth were sectioned perpendicular to the axis acial and obtained two disks of 1.5 mm high, one of dentin surface and one deep. The specimens were evaluated using the technique Push out at a speed of crossbar of 1mm/min on the machine test drive Ibertest  ® 500 also evaluating the type of failure also samples were evaluated with the SEM (20X and 500X). Statistical analysis conducting the test and one-way ANOVA with proof Sheffe were obtained, the highest values of adhesive strength with the technique incremental oblique and Liner, techniques with light cone and block were the ones that were lower values resistance adhesive. The adhesive failure mode was the most common techniques Incremental, Liner and cone, the art block presenting more cohesive failures of resinal. In assessing MEB to find good adaptation to the walls with cavitarias techniques Incremental and Liner, histomorfológicamente see a density and homogeniedad tags themselves of a system autograbador. The different restoration techniques affect the adhesive strength to the sidewalls of the occlusal cavities restored with the autograbador and simulated pressure. This effect on the adhesive strength of greater differences in the dentin surface in the deep.

Author: BELA TEIGA DE DURAO MAURICIO PAULO JOAO.
Year: 2003.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA.

Summary: The objective of this paper was to evaluate in vitro, the effectiveness of cement in the wall of root canal treatment of post cementing bolts through the fiberglass. In 72 pieces monoradiculares was cut crowns and conduct treatment of root canals (AH plus Dentsply DeTrey Germany and gutta-percha Kerr Germany), preparation of the ducts with strawberries calibrated system (FRC Postec, Vivadent-ivoclar Liechtenstein) and verticalizaron ducts prepared and following the instructions for each manufacturer cementaron bolts fiber cement with the following: Ketac-cem ®, Relyx Unicem ®, Rely Variolinl ® adhesive Exicte DESC ®, Panavia F ®, All bond 2 ® and S & B ®, Multilink ® with a load of 4.5 kg. Keeping bolt adhered to the root was included in cylinders with resin polimetilmetacrilato of autocurado transparent, and divided at low speed getting the three regions root (cervical, middle and apical). These regions will be evaluated cuantificativamente with test Push-out with machine fraction Electrotest 500 (Ibertest) also evaluating the type of failure and the samples were evaluated qualitatively with the SEM (20X and 500X). Statistical analysis performed for the one-way ANOVA test and the test Sheffe obtained the best results with adhesive resin cements followed by ionomeros resin and the lowest values for ionomeros cigars, and to compare thirds by the higher values were obtained in the third cervical. With a more common mode failure at the interface adhesive cement pole. In addition to analyzing the MEB only resin cements presented tags and their density and homogeneity declined to apical. The resin cements have better resistance adhesive that ionomeros to adhere bolts to root canal.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ ANTONIO.
Year: 2003.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEPORTES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEPORTES.

Summary: The main objective of the study was to find a method to predict injuries in the lower extremities, runners in both sexes and jumpers sexes, between 14 and 18 years old, from anthropometric parameters and exposure time practice. As secondary objectives deepen the study of injuries in the lower limbs in athletes, as well as address new lines of research on the prediction of injuries, proposed by different authors. We studied a sample of 70 athletes of both sexes, with a control group of 20 subjects practitioners of different sports. It found a logistic regression equation with a good percentage of classification of 72.9%, with a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 80.56%. Moreover, the positive predictive value was 75.86% and negative 70.73%. The results show that the anthropometric parameters may help to identify which athletes at higher risk of injury and that the logistic regression analysis is a valid tool in predicting injury.

Author: BALLESTER IBÁÑEZ CRISTINA.
Year: 2004.
University: VALENCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE MEDICINA I ODONTOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE MEDICINA I ODONTOLOGIA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION: The internal anal sphincter (EAI) is an involuntary smooth muscle contraction that maintains a spontaneous tone and relaxes due to the rectal distension as a result of a reflection intramural called inhibitory rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Relaxation of EAI is related to an increase in intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) as well as lower levels of cytosolic calcium. His hypertonia is associated with anal fissure is the surgical treatment of choice lateral internal sphincterotomy which sometimes produces incontinenecia which today is increasingly recognized as an initial treatment option sphincterotomy represented by chemical drugs which decrease the tone of EAI. OBJECTIVES: 1. Rate relaxing action on the isolated human EAI three groups of drugs that produce increase intracellular cyclic nucleotides by different mechanisms of action. The drugs used are: Dadores oxide nítric, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and beta-adrenergic agonists. 2. Survey molecular present beta-adrenergic receptor cells in the human EAI. 3. To determine the variations in the concentration of intracellular calcium in the smooth muscle cells of human EAI as a result of the action of different drugs studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EAI is used that is obtained from human patients undergoing amputations abominoperineales which is divided into strips and transferred to a system transduction isometric immersed in a bath of bodies solution Krebs-Henseleit burbujeada with carbógeno. After contracting with EAI histamine, we analyze the effects of increasing doses of three drugs groups: group I or giving oxído nitric (nitroglycerin and nitroprusside), group II or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, papaverine, zaprinast, roflumilast) and group III or Ãadrenoceptores (Ã1, Ã2 and Ã3) and isoprenaline, salbutamol, dobutamine, SR 58611-Ay BRL 37344 -9. The dose response curves were obtained and analyzed them. - The identification of variations in the concentrations of intracellular calcium is done via microscopy epifluorescencia using cultured human cells EAI and marked with the probe fluorescent fura-2. RESULTS:-All drugs studied produced a dose-dependent relaxation of EAI human in vitro, but with varying degrees of effectiveness (reflected by the percentage of maximum relaxation or Emax) and power (reflected by the effective dose 50 or EC50) as shown in the following table: "AGONISTAS Ã-ADRENÉRGICOS: or Isoprenalina (No 16) E.max 89.63  ± 2.48; EC50 1.25 x 10-6. Salbutamol or (No 6) E.max 35.50  ± 0.76; EC50 9.72 x 10 - 7. or Dobutamina (No 14) E.max 62.85  ± 5.47; EC50 8.35 x 10-6. or MR 58611A (No 10) E.max 35.30  ± 2.52; EC50 1.35 x 10-5. or BRL 37344-9 (No 6) E.max 27.40  ± 2.60; EC50 5.46 x 10-7. "INHIBITORS FOR THE FOSFODIESTERASA: Theophylline or (No 16) E.max 100; EC50 1.5 x 10-4. Or Zaprinast (No 24) E.max 81.79  ± 1.84; EC50 3.9 x 10-6. Or Roflumilast (No. 9) E.max 23.97  ± 1.94; EC50 1.16 x 10-6. Or Papaverina (No 14) E.max 85.10  ± 1.74; EC50 3.45 x 10-5. "DADORES NON: or Nitroglicerina (No 16) E.max 59.94  ± 3.8; EC50 4.1 x 10-7. Or Nitroprusiato (No 8) E.max 56.94  ± 1.6; EC50 2.7 x 10-6. Detected - the presence of the three types of receptors Ã-adrenérgicos in EAI human with a greater expression of receptors Ã2 followed by the Ã1 and stresses the low expression of Ã3. occurs-a significant reduction in school or 8 veles of a16 calcium intracellular in EAI human cells by the action of theophylline, zaprinast and isoprenaline. however nitroglycerin does not produce significant changes in the levels of intracellular calcium. CONCLUSIONS: 1. phosphodiesterase inhibitor drugs are shown as agents more effective to produce relaxation in the EAI human in vitro compared with the other drugs studied. in this group, relaxing more powerful and effective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (zaprinast). addition, it produces a clear decrease in the levels intracellular calcium in the smooth muscle cells of EAI as a result of their action. 2. drugs that act on receptors Ã1 adrenergic are most effective in easing the EAI human isolated agonists Ã2, while the selective receptor agonists Ã3 are less potent and effective to induce relaxation. action nonspecific of isoprenaline on the three types of à adrenergic receptor is shown as the most effective and powerful, possibly because their action converges on the two cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP). It also produces lower levels of intracellular calcium after stimulation. 3. was evidenced by the presence of the three types of adrenergic receptors (Ã1, Ã2 and Ã3) in the smooth muscle cells of human EAI techniques by Western blot . But densitometry showed the greatest relative expression of receptors Ã2 and Ã1 adrenergic and stresses the presence of low-adrenoceptor Ã3. 4. drugs nitric oxide donors even though they produce relaxation of EAI human in vitro are not the most potent drugs and effective in the experimental conditions of the study. Unlike drugs from other groups, the action of nitroglycerin had no effect on the modulation of intracellular calcium.

Author: UREÑA ORTÍN NURIA.
Year: 2004.
University: CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO DE MURCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO DE MURCIA.

Summary: This dissertation is situated in the area of driving ability, and seeks to provide a clear picture to ambigà ¼ age that exists around concepts such as skill, dexterity, effectiveness, efficiency, work, motor activity, and so on., And after his analysis, deepen the study of a particular category of motor skills, basic driving skills, starting in three of them, launches, receptions and boats, we have incorporated under the concept of "basic skill of managing mobile ". Initially set the characteristics of each of these basic skills, and from this perspective we propose to create a linkage between the processes of motor development and approaches that apply in their teaching. Also carry just an evaluation focused on the qualitative aspects. The aim is to check the basic operation of the student driving to solve different tasks. For this purpose, we developed an intervention program, characterized by criteria on a number of issues that basically set as key to their performance didactic. For all loa internal validity, we consider it necessary to establish linkages with the Curriculum Officer. In this sense, the approach undertaken takes as a point of reference Decree 11/2002 of September 13, laying down the curriculum of primary education in the Autonomous Community of Murcia. Depending on our purpose, the people who headed the research is to students of the Primary Stage of the Community of Murcia, and we have spoken about 158 students. Of the three cycles in which it is organized Stage, we have developed a proposal for the second year teaching each of them. The methodology raises two performances, in the first use a quasi-experimental method, giving answers to the assumptions and objectives, and use as a technique for collecting data on a scale to evaluate the ability to manage mobile. In the second, we used a qualitative giving answers in this case scenarios and secondary objectives. The harvesting techniques gives cough are self-assessment questionnaires, daily master sheet autoboservación, self sheet program and interviews. The most important findings are: 1 .- The intervention program for the development of basic skill handling mobile-launches, receptions and boats - in Elementary Education, is offered as an effective intervention to improve those skills. 2 - The scale for the assessment of the ability of mobile management is an appropriate instrument for the assessment of the basic aspects of these abilities. 3 .- There were better and greater benefit students who undertook the intervention program. 4-Regarding the follow-up performed one month after the end of the treatment, we see that there has been maintenance over time in all tasks concerning the treated group. 5-It notes with this research the possibility of implementing alternatives to the "Engine performance tests." 6 - The students are more self-reflective and to the implementation of the eutoevaluación. 7 - The thought of the teacher allows review developments and problems that have occurred in the implementation of the program and the possibility of resigning in the interest in its optimization. 8-assessment program is offered as a suitable tool for assessing the quality and accomplishments of the program, as the basis for the subsequent decision-making in their improvement.

Author: SOLER MARÍN ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA SAN ANTONIO DE MURCIA.

Summary: In this thesis is a comprehensive nutritional survey in 38 subjects (23 men and 15 women) with intellectual disabilities Down syndrome between the ages of 16 and 38 years. The subjects studied belong to two occupational centers in the region. Due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this unique, a nutritional assessment initial (biochemical and anthropometric measurements of dietary intake) and an assessment of the degree of physical activity being made. It was subsequently conducted a nutrition education program, both in the collective of people with Down syndrome, as in the relatives and center professionals involved. The results of the initial nutritional assessment showed values indicators of inadequate food intakes collective studied vitamin E for micronutrients, Zn and Cu. In addition, it assessed the possible relationship between physical activity, social, economic and cultural environment of individuals with Down syndrome and their nutritional status. Following the completion of the program of dietary intervention with the aim of reducing levels of obesity observed in the initial assessment, the study population showed improved biochemical indicators (vit. C, E, folate, Cu, Zn), anthropometric (BMI,% body fat, the waist circumference, waist / hip ratio), level of physical activity and dietary food knowledge in the initial situation. Moreover, it also improved the eating habits of people with both Down syndrome and the family and professional schools. In this dissertation shows the importance of socio-cultural factors in the environment of a person with Down syndrome as well as the characteristics of the centers studied in the nutritional status of the collective.

Author: MONLLEO LLORET PEDRO JUAN.
Year: 2004.
University: VALENCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.

Summary: There is a consensus on the recognition of the computed tomography (CT), as a radiographic technique for accurate knowledge of bone where you are going to place dental implants. While data on the prognosis of the implants are based on longitudinal studies conducted by different authors, in which we provide different% overall success or failure of dental implants. Â Can CT offer something more? We think yes. So far no, we know, no work correlacione statistically the success or failure of dental implants with quality, quantity and angle of the alveolar ridge, or topography of each case. From here comes our working assumption, Do you tell us and we can offer our patients a prediction based on scientific evidence and statistical probabilities of success or failure in each particular case? The objectives were to study the different variables that may influence the prognosis of the implants. Ultimately, we have done a statistical study that correlates to the amount of bone, bone quality and conditions of the recipient bone. After statistical analysis of the different variables, the only ones who have been statistically significant result, the rate of bone and the inclination of the alveolar ridge. Knowing these results, we see that these two factors can only know exactly by conducting a CT, and the realization of a TC is the only means through which we can offer our patients a treatment plan and a correct prediction more accurately the potential for success of the implants in his particular case.