MEDICAL SCIENCE (10)

Author: Puente Baliarda Diana.
Year: 2005.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Summary: This dissertation deals with the differences between men and women concerning sociodemographic characteristics and clinical pathological process diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in a number of diagnosed cases "de novo" for bladder cancer in 18 hospitals in 5 regions of Spain (study EPICURO). Likewise, we studied the association between snuff and risk of bladder cancer by sex in a case-control study added studies in Europe and norte-americanos of bladder cancer. Gender differences were found with regard to incidence of the disease in some pathologic characteristics of the tumor and the treatment applied. It was found however, gender differences compared to the same level of exposure to snuff. There were also differences between men and women at risk of recurrence and progression of superficial bladder tumors but not in the risk of death of patients with tumors infiltrantes

Author: Haro Vicente Juan Francisco.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Veterinaria.
Place of preparation: Faculatad de Veterinaria.

Summary: According to the WHO, iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people, with approximately half of them anemic, mainly young women, infants and children. Food fortification with iron has been regarded as the most practical solution in the long term to combat iron deficiency anemia. However, the success of food fortification usually depends on a careful selection of the compound of iron. The ferric pyrophosphate is a compound of iron insoluble used to enrich children's cereals and drinks chocolate powder, its main advantage is that it does not cause sensory changes in the food, however, is their poor solubility in gastric juice is having a poor bioavailability . Recently, it has developed a micronised ferric pyrophosphate, easy dispersion, to enrich foods. Their small particle size (~ 0.3 Â µ m) and its wrapper monoglycerides and diglycerides minimizes the formation of insoluble aggregates, making it useful to be added to liquid food. Due to the scarcity of results relating to the addition of iron compounds to fruit-based drinks, has been developed for this study with a nectar micronised Ferric pyrophosphate (PFM), and bisglicinato ferrous (BF) (in the latter part of the trial) , which has been added vitamin C, B6, B12 and folic acid and fructo-oligosacáridos (FOS) in order to evaluate the effect of adding these micronutrients either individually or jointly on the absorption and bioavailability of iron, compared front a reference standard as ferrous sulphate (SF). For this study has used a model repleción of hemoglobin in anemic rats. Likewise, they have been evaluated other hematological and biochemical parameters with the aim of confirming the recovery in a state of iron deficiency anemia. Also, has been evaluated deposition of iron in organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, heart and proximal small intestine, to determine whether intake of iron during repleción cause an accumulation in the concentration of ore from them. In addition, taking into account the suggestion that iron can increase the risk of cancer due to their nature pro-oxidante, we studied whether the intake of iron PFM, BF, or SF in a concentration constant (4.92 mg/100ml) causing an increase in the production of hydroxyl radicals through the feces of the animals under study. Through an analysis of conglomerates, has been intended to group the different types of nectar in homogeneous groups, depending on a number of variables that we have seen the best and which summarize the main objectives of this work. These variables were: the percentage of apparent absorption and retention, and the efficiency of regeneration of hemoglobin, measured as a percentage (ERH). The cluster analysis has enabled us to select the types of nectar according to the most appropriate combination of the type of compound of iron, vitamins or vitamin mixture and the presence or absence of the FOS. The nectar selected are those presented in its composition sources of iron or MFP SF along with the mixture of vitamins B and vitamin C, and the same sources of iron along with the mixture of B vitamins Found no effect of the FOS or bioavailability of iron absorption when added to the nectar in the conditions of the study. The SF, but has a high absorption and bioavailability (hence its use as a control) is the i 8 nconveni 64th body to provoke sensory changes in food. This sensory testing was performed in a previous study by our research group ratified that SF gives a metallic taste very accentuated the drinks containing it. Therefore, the results of this study show that PFM is a compound suitable for use in enrichment beverages from fruit, as a bioavailability similar to ferrous sulphate, it produces organoleptic changes in the product and promotes the state nutritional iron in experimental animals with a high iron deficiency. Moreover, the presence of vitamins B and C group significantly enhance the effect of this compound in the recovery of anemia, so its joint use would be advisable to drink fruit for population groups at risk of deficiency of these statements micronutrients.

Author: DOMINGO TRIADÓ VICENTE.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.

Summary: SCENARIOS FOR WORK: The peripheral blockade of the sciatic nerve is a technique used anesthetic for surgery of the foot and ankle. The use of nerve and ultrasounds for the location of the nerve may improve the effectiveness of nerve block and reduce the incidence of injury and nerve structures adjacent to it. OBJECTIVES: 1 .- To analyze the difficulty of implementation, installation time, quality and effectiveness of the blockade in terms of duration of sensory and motor block in the different ways of approaching peripheral blockade of the sciatic nerve at the lower end for surgery of the foot ankle and (block by later in popliteal fossa, blocking via lateral popliteal fossa and blocking mediofemoral) 2 .- A comparative study of different techniques for blocking peripheral approach of the sciatic nerve in terms of onset, duration of analgesia and Motor block, as the blockade, patient comfort: 2.1 .- Blockade post opposite lock lateral popliteal fossa with mepivacaine at 1%. 2.2 .- Blockade lateral popliteal fossa face blockade mediofemoral with ropivacaine at 0.5%. 3 .- A measure of the usefulness and applicability of ultrasonography for locating and sciatic nerve block in the lower extremity: a comparative analysis with a control group without technical picture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Job 1. Comparative study of the sciatic nerve block in the hollow of the knee by posterior approach versus lateral approach with mepivacaine to 1% for surgery pie.Revista Spanish Anesthesiology and Resuscitation 2004, 51: 70-74. Sixty patients were randomized to two groups: GP (n = 30), which they did a sciatic nerve block by post and GL (n = 30), which they did a sciatic nerve block through lateral. The anesthetic was used mepivacaine 1%. Working 2. A comparison of lateral popliteal vs. lateral midfemoral sciatic nerve blockade using ropivacaine 0.5%. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2004; 29 (1): 23-27. It included sixty-three patients in this prospective, randomized study. Thirty-two patients received a blockade knee by side (group PB), and thirty-one a blockade mediofemoral (MF group). In both groups was used ropivacaine 0.5% (30 ml). Work 3. Ultrasound guidance for lateral midfemoral sciatic nerve block: A prospective, comparative, randomized study.Anesthesia Analgesia 2006, in press. It included sixty-one patients in this prospective, randomized study. Thirty patients received a blockade mediofemoral guided by ultrasound (group US), and thirty-one without ultrasound (group S). After obtaining an adequate response with motor nerve were administered in both groups 35 mL of ropivacaine 0.5% CONCLUSIONS: 1. The lateral approach of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa surgery for the foot provides analgesia comparable to the posterior approach, with an early establishment of the blockade sensitive and duration of analgesia significantly higher. 2. The lateral approach of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa surgery for the foot is a technique as simple and safe as the posterior approach, it can be done with the patient in the supine position, and pneumatic tourniquet tolerance is adequate without additional nerve blocks . 3. The boarding mediofemoral the sciatic nerve surgery of the foot and ankle provides an intraoperative analgesia comparable to the lateral approach. 4. The boarding mediofemoral the sciatic nerve surgery of the foot and ankle provides an onset of action significantly faster, block sensitive as motor block, the lateral approach of the sciatic nerve. 5. The boarding mediofemoral the sciatic nerve surgery of the foot and ankle is a technique as simple and safe as the lateral approach, and provides a duration of the blockade, both as sensory motor similar to the lateral approach. 6. The use of ultrasound to locate and lock ne 8 rvio ciá 429 tico at mediofemoral, combined with nerve, reduces the number of punctures needed to complete the blockade and increases the success rate of puncture on the first try. 7. The use of ultrasound to locate and sciatic nerve block at mediofemoral, combined with nerve, significantly improves the quality of sensory blockade.

Author: BIARNES COSTA JOSEFINA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: H DE BELLVITGE/ H DR J TRUETA DE GIRONA.
Place of preparation: H DE BELLVITGE /H DR J TRUETA DE GIRONA.

Author: DOMÍNGUEZ MALDONADO GABRIEL.
Year: 2005.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD.

Summary: On a sample of 72 feet and 97 feet of women men were applied two systems for the assessment of the protusión metatarsal selective each metarsiano using as a reference the metatarsal II. The volunteers who participated in the study due antepies healthy, which established criteria of normality. All participants underwent an x-ray planar back, laden for valuing proposion metatarsal. The radiological survey was performed using a computer program. Average values were obtained prototype, statistically, with significant differences for all variables proposión metatarsal between men and women.

Author: SADEK DORGHAM ALI.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: During the CEC will gradually produce an increase in capillary permeability that is attributed both to haemodilution as the inflammatory response that is associated with BCP, which originates, among other things, an increase in morbidity and mortality especially post - in young children. In an attempt to get a better evolution of the patients developed the technique of ultrafiltration. The Ultrafiltration is the selective separation, and by convection through a hydrostatic pressure gradient, water, low molecular weight substances, cells and proteins that make up the blood plasma, using a semi-permeable membrane. In literature, the work carried out in adult patients contained various advantages of UFM, but a study that gives outstanding in the pediatric population. Therefore we determined the effectiveness and safety and to preserve the UFM hemodynamic parameters and the evolving capacities of postoperative pediatric patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery bypass associated with UFM compared with a control group. The surgery was considered two phases pre - and post-bypass in the control group and pre - and post ultrafiltration amended in the group UFM. The members of the group studied 89 boys and girls with a prevalence rate correction surgery complete. Mean age was 28 years in the control and 29 months in the group of UFM. And the average weight was similar in both groups 10 Kgs. With the difficulty of the lack of data in some medical records mainly in the control group, we can say that the 2 populations studied were comparable in basal conditions. The most frequent diagnoses reason for IQ in the control group were interauricular communication, the channel auículo-ventricular complete, the tetralogy of fallot and transposition of the great vessels, while in the group of the UFM were tetralogy of fallot and communication interaventricular. The group modified ultrafiltration before presenting best figures of hematocrit and platelets in the immediate postoperative period and sandrado peri-operatorio lower. For both reasons explained that the group subjected to ultrafiltration amended to specify a smaller number of transfusions of blood products peri-operatorias. The ability to preserve the hematocrit and decrease the transfusion needs the blood peri-operatiros of modified ultrafiltration was especially pronounced in children under 24 months and weighing less than 15 kg. The need to use assisted ventilation was lower in the group subjected to modified ultrafiltration than in the control group. Patients undergoing modified ultrafiltration had a lower neutrofila that patients not undergoing ultrafiltration amended. Patients undergoing ultrafiltration amended presented better control of the metabolic function in presenting figures hyperglycemia lower than in the control group. Patients in the ultrafiltration group amended figures creatinine and renal function better than patients in the control group. The forward Jan l postoperative complications were lower and less severe in the group subjected to modified ultrafiltration than in the control group. There were no deaths in the group subjected to ultrafiltration amended regarding the control group. Also, given that decrease complications, improve the evolution of the patient, reduces the needs transfusionales and significantly shortens the time to extubation assume that spending also reduces hospital. The modified ultrafiltration, shown in this work as a viable technique, with good results for the control of fluid and blood and saving without significant morbidity in pediatric cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. However required samples larger and conducting randomized and controlled with different cohoretes to clearly demonstrate the advantages and potential inconven 8 dent d 206 and using the modified ultrafiltration front of his non-use or the use of other systems.

Author: MASIP SANTURIO SANTIAGO.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA - UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Author: JUANOLA ROURA XAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION In recent years, it has recognized the importance of psychological factors in the nature of inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In ankylosing spondylitis (EA) has been given little attention to these factors and there are hardly any studies that assess the presence of psychological disorders in this disease. OBJECTIVES Knowing the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from EA and determine demographic variables, clinical, analytical, metrological and radiological that can affect their presence. PATIENTS AND METHODS cross-sectional study performed in 160 patients suffering from EA and controlled manner protocolizada visited. We reviewed the following variables: age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, pattern, age of onset, presence of peripheral arthritis, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain, night pain, disease activity valued for the patient (VAS), the presence of uveitis, previous surgery locomotor, comorbidity, smoking, BASFI, HAQEA, BASDAI, HLA B27, ESR, CRP, as amended Schober test, chest expansion, distance occipucio wall degree of radiological sacroiletis and BASRI cervical spine, lumbar spine and hips. Depression was assessed by the Spanish adapted version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). It was felt the presence of depressive symptoms a score equal to or greater than 18. The anxiety was assessed by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) including the subscales of state (E) and (R) feature. It was felt the presence of symptoms of anxiety a score greater than or equal to 8. The statistical study, a survey was conducted descriptive and an analytical study, which included an analysis Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models for qualitative variables and linear regression for quantitative variables. RESULTS 23.1% of patients had symptoms of depression, 23.1% of the 24.4% E and anxiety anxiety R. BDI scores and STAI EyR related to pain, night pain, disease activity valued by the patient, BASFI, BASAI and BASRI in lumbar spine. The BDI is also relate to the anxiety. The score STAI E is also linked with the BDI and STAI Ry score STAI R with comorbidity, BSG, Schober test, the BDI and STAI E. In the logistic regression model the BASFI was the only independent variable related to depression and anxiety. The variables included in the linear regression model explains the 26.4% of the scores for depression, 24.4% for the STAI E and the 2.7% for the SARI R. Conclusions The presence of psychological symptoms, depression and anxiety, are common in patients with AD and relate primarily to variable activity and functional capacity. The functional capacity observed through BASFI is the only independent determinant related to the presence of psychological symptoms. The presence of symptoms of anxiety.

Author: MATA BILBAO ALFREDO RAFAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The capsule endoscopy is the most recent technological advances in the area of gastrointestinal endoscopy and has opened a new era in the exploration of the small intestine since it allows us to explore it in its entirety. For all this, we raised the realization of this thesis aimed at assessing the role of capsule endoscopy in the exploration of the small bowel in patients suffering from gastrointestinal bleeding of undetermined origin (HDOI) and intestinal polyposis syndrome (SPI), and compare these results with other diagnostic scans used in the study of these patients such as enteroscopia of drive and intestinal transit, respectively. We designed a study to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficacy of capsule endoscopy in patients with HDOI, and compare the results obtained from this exploration and enteroscopia. In this group of patients with HDOI, the capsule identified positive findings (injury or presence of fresh blood and / or clots) in the small intestine in a 74% of patients (31 of 42 patients) compared with enteroscopia only detected a 19 % lesions (8 of 42 patients), which were significant differences in favor of the first exploration. The findings Frequently detected by endoscopic capsule were: angiodisplasia (14), and fresh blood clots without any injury highlight specific (7), ulcer jejunal (3), ileal mucosa aspect inflammatory (2), tumor ileal (2) erosion jejunal (1) ulcer ileal (1) stenosis jejunal (1). All lesions seen by the enteroscopia were identified by capsule endoscopy. Several of the findings identified by the EC and is not displayed on the enteroscopia were localized in the distal jejunum and ileum, probably outside the scope of enteroscopio. It is also important to note that a 22% of patients in whom the capsule detected some sort of injury in the small intestine, benefited from the result of this exploration to influence a change in behavior therapy through medical treatment, endoscopic and surgical obtained the dela stop bleeding in all of them. The results obtained in this study we can conclude that the capsule endoscopy has a good diagnostic efficacy in patients with HDOI. Likewise, we can say that the EC has a higher diagnostic efficacy that enteroscopia in this patient group, and that the results obtained by the EC may change the therapeutic approach in a significant proportion of patients. The second study of this thesis was conducted in patients suffering from intestinal polyposis syndrome. That is why we designed a study to establish the effectiveness of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the detection of polyps in the small intestine in patients with intestinal polyposis syndrome, and compare the results with the intestinal transit (IT). The capsule endoscopy detected polyps in the small intestine in 7 of 24 patients (29%), while the intestinal transit intestinal lesions detected in 3 of 24 patients (12%), all viewed through the capsule. When referring to the total number of polyps shown, the EC detected a greater number of polyps that the IT. These differences were observed in all segments intestinal (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), but without reaching any significant differences. The identification of polyps in the small intestine through the EC (not shown by the IT) conditional changes in the therapeutic management in 3 patients with FAP. The results of this study demonstrate that the EC is an effective technique in detecting polyps in the small intestine in patients with intestinal polyposis syndrome, so that I could be a promising alternative in monitoring these patients.

Author: MOYANO CASTRO NURIA PURIFICACIÓN.
Year: 2005.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: OBJECTIVE determine the prevalence of alcohol dependency and consumption risk (17-28 UBE / week in the woman / man, respectively) in hospitalized patients and study the profile of these patients, depending on their comorbidity, habits higiénico-dietéticos, consumption toxics and family history. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY observational study cross. The study population consisted of patients aged 14 years old hospitalized in a Regional Hospital Universitario. Stratified sampling was performed on hospital services. It picked up the basic pathology of the sick, the analytical done at the hospital, family history of psychiatric disease, the consumption of snuff, alcohol and other health habits. Each patient was interviewed, pasándoles test MALT, Goldberg, APGAR-Familiar and BPRS. Statistical analysis was performed descriptive Bivariate and multivariate (p greater 0.05). RESULTS were studied 448 patients, with a measure of age 56.7 + - 18.1 (TD) years old, 65% were male. A 15% (95% CI = 11.84-18.56) has confirmed alcohol dependency, and 11.2% (95% CI: 11,8-18,5%) were diagnosed as suspected unit. A 31% (95% CI) = 26.6-35.4) was consumer risk. It was observed higher prevalence of both consumers as dependent risk in men with a family history of alcoholism and a bad family support. Conclusions The prevalence of alcoholism among hospitalized patients is high. Health professionals have to think about the existence of this problem by incorporating a test screening as MALT to routine clinical interview, thus taking advantage of the time of hospitalization for offering advice and call on the level deemed appropriate (Attention Primary or specialized centers).

Author: BERMÚDEZ POSE ROBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.

Summary: In this report we have deepened the understanding of the enteromixosis intestinal turbot, especially in matters relating to the treatment and the response triggered by the host against infection, using different experimental models. First, we checked the validity of toltrazuril in treating the disease. The harmful effects of the toltrazuril on stadium development E.scophthalmi proved to be similar to those described for other species mixosporidios, however there was no significant difference in the severity of injuries and / or the percentage of mortality caused by the parasite fish between control and treated with toltrazuril. In view of the results obtained in this paper concludes that, under the experimental conditions used, toltrazuril causing certain degenerative changes on E.scophthalmi, which is insufficient to alter the course of infection, clinical symptoms and consequences of disease. Moreover, in this Doctoral Thesis addresses some aspects of the immune response of turbot off the enteromixosis bowel, which include determining the number and distribution of antibody producing cells, the evaluation of changes in the neuroendocrine system in aspects physiological and immune and valuation changes in the peripheral blood leukocyte population. From the study of the kinetics of cell Ig + through Immunohistochemical techniques suggests that the expression of these cells takes place in the hematopoietic organs from where they migrate and infiltrate the intestine. Also, the presence of a close partnership between the centers melanomacrófagos and cell Ig +, mainly in the initial stages dela disease can be attributed to the initiation of a specific immune response against the parasite, confirming the hypothesis that centers melanomacrófagos act as germinal centers in primitive fish. Finally, and despite the fact that it is clear that infection E.scophthalmi triggers an immune response in the specific type of turbot infected, in this work the production of antibodies against the parasite was slow and seemingly incapable of halting the progress of the disease, as fish infected eventually die. Continuing to study the response of the host against the parasite, assessed the changes suffered by the neuroendocrine system turbot infected by immunohistochemical characterization of five neuropeptides intestinal (CCK-8, sertonina, SP, CGRP, VIP) who were involved in various aspects physiological, both digestive and immune. This study has revealed the existence of substantial changes in the amount and distribution of these neuropeptides, linking them to the observed changes in the immune system and with the clinical manifestations and table histopathological present. Finally, it has optimized the use of haematological techniques as a complement to the study of the pathogenesis of the disease and of the dynamics of populations of immune cells. The lymphopenia, as well as the increase in the number of circulating granulocytes, were characteristic changes in the enteromixosis intestinal turbot, but not necessarily specific. Depending on the results we can say that the changes experienced by the various blood cell populations reflect, in large part, changes in various factors related to r 8 espuesta 28th immune. Similarly, the hematology confirmed as a useful tool to determine the immune status of the animal, while contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the response triggered off the entermixosis bowel.

Author: BERMÚDEZ POSE ROBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.

Summary: In this report we have deepened knowledge dela enteromixosis intestinal turbot, especially in matters relating to the treatment and the response triggered by the host against infection, using different experimental models. First, we checked the validity of toltrazuril in treating the disease. The harmful effects of the toltrazuril on stadium development E.scophthalmi proved to be similar to those described for other species mixosporidios, however there was no significant difference in the severity of injuries and / or the percentage of mortality caused by the parasite fish between control and treated with toltrazuril. In view of the results obtained in this paper concludes that, under the experimental conditions used, toltrazuril causing certain degenerative changes on e.scophthalmi, which is insufficient to alter the course of infection, clinical symptoms and consequences of disease. Moreover, in this Doctoral Thesis addresses some aspects of the immune response of turbot off the enteromixosis bowel, which include determining the number and distribution of producing cells, the evaluation of changes in the neuroendocrine system in relation to aspects physiological and immune delas and valuation changes in the peripheral blood leukocyte population. From the study of the kinetics of cell Ig + through Immunohistochemical techniques suggests that the expansion of these cells takes place in the hematopoietic organs from where they migrate and infiltrate the intestine. Also, the presence of a close partnership between the centers melanomacrófagos and cell Ig +, mainly in the initial stages dela disease can be attributed to the initiation of a specific immune response against the parasite, confirming the hiótesis that centers melanomacrófagos act as germinal centers in primitive fish. Finally, and despite the fact that it is clear that infection E.scopthalmi triggers an immune response in the specific type of turbot infected, in this work the production of antibodies against the parasite was slow and seemingly incapable of halting the progress of the disease, as fish infected eventually die. Continuing to study the response of the host against the parasite, assessed the changes suffered by the neuroendocrine system turbot infected by immunohistochemical characterization of five neuropeptides intestinal (CCK-8, serotonin, SP. CGRP, VIP) involved in various physiological aspects, both digestive and immune. This study has revealed the existence of substantial changes in the amount and distribution of these neuropétpidos, linking them to the observed changes in the immune system and with the clinical manifestations and table histopathological present. Finally, it has optimized the use of haematological techniques as a complement to the study of the pathogenesis of the disease and of the dynamics of populations of immune cells. The lymphopenia, as well as the increase in the number of ganulocitos circulating, changes were features in the enteromixosis intestinal turbot, but not necessarily specific. Depending on the results we can say that the changes experienced by the various blood cell populations reflect, in large part, changes in various factors related respu 8 this dive 288 unit. Similarly, the hematology confirmed as a useful tool to determine the immune status of the animal, while contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the response triggered off the enteromixosis bowel.

Author: Recasens Llobera Esther.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Medicina.
Place of preparation: Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol.

Summary: This work consists of 3 parts: 1. An introduction with a historical review of chromium and zinc, and an explanation of the mineral composition human. He then explains the trace elements Zn and Cr their respective roles at their actions and biological metabolism. 2. Once highlighted the importance of these trace elements and their involvement in more than 200 chemical reactions, step by conducting a study on a population of 266 pacientes.De these there is a control group consisting of 57 subjects and 209 others are diabetics. Among the group of diabetics there are two subgroups: 82 with diabetes type I and 127 with type II diabetes. It contains the urine of these patients, and after making a protocol with these samples in the laboratory Glycanmetal, is the reading of the results with atomic mass spectrometer (MAU). 3. Once obtained these ionogramas or metalogramas of cromuria and cincuria are analyzed statistically with the collaboration of statistical UAB with SPSS and draws a number of conclusions. These come from a comparison of cromurias and cincurias of the three ranks of the population and in turn compared with various analytical parameters of the group of 209 diabetics. Final Conclusion In this paper we observed significant differences estadísticament and between cromuria and cincuria and 3 groups of patients, there were also statistically significant relationship between cromuria and neuropathy, but not the case with the cincuria. Tamién there is a statistically significant relationship between between cromuria and cincuria and years of development of this pathology. These concclusiones may be the incentive for undertaking further work on trace elements in various pathologies.

Author: GUTIÉRREZ SANMARTÍN DOLORES.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The objective of this thesis is directed to study the molecular basis by which HIV-1 is able to destroy T cells of the body by a mechanism of apoptosis. In our particular case, the study focused on isoforms: alpha, beta, gamma and delta of the MAP kinase p38. The use of these molecules in its dominant negative version resulted in a prolongation of the survival of CD4 + T lymphocytes by isoforms alpha, gamma and delta dominant negative, but not by the dominant negative beta isoform. This was due to the involvement of the isoforms alpha, gamma and delta p38 in the replication of HIV-1, and the involvement of the alpha and gamma isoforms of p38 in cell apoptosis induced by this virus. These results are a step in the understanding of the mechanism of pathogenesis of HIV-1, and offer the possibility of an adjunct to anti-retroviral drugs.

Author: IGLESIAS MAREQUE MARÍA JESÚS.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: In the year 1999 it was discovered that there ghrelin, a new peptide

Author: SIRGO RODRIGUEZ GONZALO.
Year: 2005.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: UNIDAD DOCENT HOSPITAL.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO.

Summary: After subjecting them greater production of PAI - 1 and hence the development of a more procoagulant front of a stimulus inflammatory) may have a worse prognosis requiring postoperative therefore, a higher level of hospital care. The methodology has been to a survey of association between genetic and clinical variables. Analysis of genotype has been done using restriction enzymes. We compared patients homozygous 4G/4G vs. patients No-homocigotos 4G/4G. The main findings were that patients with genotype homozygous 4G/4G have a higher risk of neurological complications in the postoperative cardiac surgery with the MPS are longer receiving mechanical ventilation and had a hospital stay longer than the rest of patients. In this thesis have been derived on the one hand, an article: Sirgo G Pérez-Vela JL, Morales P, et al: Association between 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene with stroke or encephalopathy after cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 668-675, and on the other hand, an abstract: Sirgo G Pérez-Vela JS, Rennes E, et al: Neurologic injury alter cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: the role of PAI - 1 4G/4G polymorphism . Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: S135. Funded in part by Grants MAPFRE Cardiovascular 2003, the FIS PI04/1500, FIS PI05/2410, AGAUR 2005/SGR/920, RTIC 03/11, for the project of the Sixth Framework Program of EU Genosept 512155 and forming part of the training programs in research postMIR of ISCIII dossier n fourth CM04/00023.

Author: ARTEAGA GONZALEZ IVAN JESUS.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA, UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.

Summary: Working research to be presented in the form of a compendium of three publications, which address various aspects on the implementacisn of surgery laparoscspica in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Objectives: To evaluate the results of laparoscopic in tratmiento cancer of the rectum during the learning curve. To compare the efficacy of tattoo endoscspico with respect to mitodos conventional (Ba enema) in the localizacisn tumor colsnicos. Evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic colorectal surgery patients with a history of Methodology Diseqamos three comparative studies. Data were collected perioperative variables of the patients for further analysis estadmstico. Results The surgery laparoscspica mostrs better perioperative that cirugma conventional tirminos of recuperacisn and hospital stay. The results oncolsgicos were comparable. The tattoo endoscspico won best rates visulaizacisn of tumors during surgery. Laparoscopy was effective in treating patients with a history of cirugma, but had higher rates of conversisn in this subgroup of patients.

Author: GARCIA GONZALEZ MARTIN JESUS.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE CANARIAS.

Summary: Introduction. Atherosclerosis is the substrate histopathological

Author: HERVÁS GARCÍA ADELA.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION AND REVISION BIBLIOGRÁFICA The review of the scientific literature indicates that the preparation techniques biomechanics of root canals has evolved from technical manuals made with stainless steel instruments and, subsequently, an alloy of níquel-titanio, rotary techniques with instrumentoa manufactured in this alloy. The trend has grown in parallel with the study of systems of the same. Currently investigations are directed to the analysis of kodificaciones producing root canals in the various instrumentation techniques rotating through methods of reconstruction and visualization of those, thus allowing its three-dimensional observation of pre - and post-treatment without destroying the specimen studied . OBJECTIVES treatments endodóncicos should be under continuous radiological controls, but these radiographic images are incomplete. The establishment of what is the working efficiency of the instruments enodóncicos is difficult because the means available, it raises the possibility of using CT to visualize the morphology before and after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS To conduct this study, we selected a group of teeth after which they made a preoperative CT, measuring the diameters of the sections of root canals as well as a number of changes in the interior of the ducts in three locations previously marked . After the opening House and the preparation of the coronal portion of the ducts with instruments endodóncicos rotating cutting (abridores duct systems of GT, Protaper, K3 Endo, M File, Profile, strawberries Gates Glidden and Quantec Series 2000), another CT was repeated all teeth, repeating the previous measurements and comparing them with those obtained previously. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results are shown in various tables: first, tables descriptive measures differences between pre - and postoperative measurements, then compares the mean differences of the various systems and uñtimo drawn between what groups exist diferenciass significant . The results obtenidoas make us think about the unequal way of working between instruments acvero stainless (more aggressive) and the níquel-titanio. The coronal level measurement is the one that has undergone major changes, and the ducts have varied over its distal anatomy with respect to mesiales. CONCLUSIONS The system imaging provided by CT system used in this study is an indispensable means of noninvasive assess changes in the system of root canals. It has found a good reproducibility of the system image to compare measurements of points between the two acquisitions made TC (prior to the implementation and subsequent to it). As conclusions can be said that the team used CT enables small root canals and obtain measures of size in the levels studied; instruments endodóncicos revolving behave differently depending on the alloy with which they have been manufactured, with the stainless steel more aggressive nickel titanium (and within this uítlma alloy system has been less aggressive Profile), the largest tissue wear occurs, between levels estduiados, lots more coronal; morphology original conduit influences in the work that it develops on the instrument, so that more channels ensanchados were originally larger.

Author: González Marrachelli Vannina.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Medicina.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Medicina.

Summary: The vascular complications of diabetes are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patient. It has studied the influence of experimental diabetes on the reactivity of the basilar arteries, the carotid and renal endothelin-1 using a model that allows registration in vitro isometric tension developed by the different segments artery. The findings were: 1. The experimental diabetes modifies the response to vascular endothelin-1 in a different way depending on the vascular bed studied. 2. Diabetes induced hyperreactivity of the basilar artery of rabbits to endothelin-1 through at least three mechanisms: (1) lower endothelial inhibitory modulation of the response, including the alteration of the activity of the recipients endotelinérgicos ET-B endothelial; ( 2) less sensitive to nitric oxide of vascular smooth muscle cells, and (3) greater involvement of the recipients endotelinérgicos ET-Ay ET-B muscle that mediate vasoconstriction. 3. Diabetes induced hyperreactivity of the carotid artery of rabbits to endothelin-1 to trevás at least three mechanisms: (1) increased activity of the recipients ET-A muscle; (2) alteration of the release of nitric oxide-mediated activation the recipients ET-B and (3) increased production of thromboxane A2. 4. The hyper-basilar arteries and the carotid endothelin-1 observed in the diabetic condition could be a factor in the increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in the diabetic patient. 5. Diabetes complex induces changes in the regulatory mechanisms of the response of the renal artery of rabbits to endothelin-1: (1) increased endothelial nitric oxide; (2) alteration of the balance between prostanoids vasoconstrictors (COX-1) and vasodilators ( COX-2) in favor of the latter, and (3) decrease in the ratio prostanoids vasoconstrictors and vasodilators released by the activation of receptor ET-A, dominated this decline on the increase in this ratio after activating receptor ET-B . The sum of all these changes have resulted in a decrease in sensitivity of the renal artery to endotelina-1. 6. Should assessed the possible implications of vascular therapeutic use of drugs that inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 and related drugs endothelin-1 in the management of the diabetic patient.