MEDICAL SCIENCE (14)

Author: Romero Otero Mónica.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA [More theses of this university] [www.um.es].
Place of defense: Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca.
Place of preparation: Centro de Investigación - Hospital Universitario La Fe.

Summary: The caspofungin, isolated from Glarea lozoyensis, is an antifungal lipopéptidico group of equinocandinas that interferes with the synthesis of glucan through inhibition of complex beta-1 ,3-D-glucano synthase. We studied its antifungal activity in vitro filamentous fungi and yeast. We included 190 strains of yeast origin clinical (46 C. albicans, 42 C. tropicalis, 32 C. glabrata, 21 C. krusei, 20 C. parapsilosis, 11 C. guilliermondii, 4 C. famata, 3 C. lusitaniae, 3 B. capitatus, 2 S. cerevisiae, 2 Y. lipolytica, 1 C. inconspicua, 1 C. lambica, 1 C. sake and 1 P. ohmeri), nine strains of C. Albicans of the collection MSD (some with reduced sensitivity to caspofungin by mutation in the gene FKS1, target of inhibitors of beta-1 ,3-D-glucano synthase) and six ATCC strains with reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B (4 C. lusitaniae, 1 C. albicans and 1 C. tropicalis). As quality control was used C. Krusei ATCC 6258. In point of filamentous fungi were 45 strains of origin clinical (25 A. fumigatus and 20 A. flavus) and as a quality control A. ATCC 204305 and A. fumigatus Flavus ATCC 204304. The in vitro susceptibility testing was performed using standardized methods microdilution plate of CLSI (M27-A2 for yeast and M38-A for filamentous fungi) and EUCAST for yeast. The criteria endpoint were CMI2 and CMI0 in yeast and the CME and CMI0 in filamentous fungi. We studied the influence of the method, culture medium, incubation time and type of reading about the activity of caspofungin. The paradoxical effect was defined as the occurrence of slight growth in one of the wells at concentrations above the CMI0. The activity of caspofungin compared with the activity of amphotericin B (filamentous fungi and yeast) and that of itraconazole and voriconazole (filamentous fungi). The fungicidal activity was determined by the method described by Canton and collaborators, considering the MFC as the concentration of antifungal that produces a reduction greater than or equal to 99.9% compared with the initial inoculum. The results show that caspofungin is very active on C. Albicans, C. Glabrata and C. Tropicalis. About C. Guilliermondii and C. Parapsilosis activity is lower. Holds activity on the clinical isolates resistant to amphotericin B, for which there appears to be no cross-resistance between the two antifungal. The fungicidal activity of caspofungin, which is dependent species and strain, is less about C. Guilliermondii and C. Parapsilosis. The two methods used to study the in vitro activity of caspofungin to distinguish the isolates of C. Albicans decreased sensitivity to this antifungal. The concordance of the results of the CMI2 and the CMI0 between the two methods is excellent but the same was not true in the case of MFC where the match is lower. The culture medium significantly influence the in vitro activity of caspofungin. Its activity is greater in the media AM # 3 and AM # 3-G. The effect of glucose depends on the medium used. Its activity increases if added to the medium RPMI and decreases if added to the medium AM # 3. Neither the prolongation of incubation time nor the type of reading significantly influence the results. There is indeed a paradox in all media, although more often in RPMI. The addition of glucose results in an increase of this effect. This paradoxical effect is more common in C. In C. tropicalis and less Krusei. The Caspofungin is active on the isolates Aspergillus studied when considering the CME as a criterion endpoint. The influence of incubation time and the addition of glucose culture medium is low. The activity of the 8 caspofu 2f5 ngina on Aspergillus isolates studied is similar to that of other antifungal considered.

Author: Adánez Martínez María de Gracia.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA [More theses of this university] [www.um.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Medicina.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Medicina.

Summary: The atherosclerosis and its complications remain the leading causes of death in developed countries. Ties between glomeruloesclerosis and arteriosclerosis make the glomeruloesclerosis is considered an extension of the process arteriosclerótico. While pioneering studies of Virchov in 1860 described accumulations in the fatty tissues of patients with kidney disease Bright, only recently attention has been given to the nephrotoxicity of lipids and treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with kidney disease. While it has been shown the beneficial effect of statins on atherosclerosis, reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and atherosclerotic plaque. Little is known about the effect of statins, the histological changes and inmunocitoquímicos in chronic renal disease induced by cholesterol. As in previous studies have demonstrated the suitability of chicken as a model for study of atherosclerosis pilot induced as diet hiperlipémica we ask objectives of this thesis: 1.-La validation of this experimental model for studying the glomeruloesclerosis kidney induced by diet hiperlipémica . 2 .- The valuation process of spontaneous regression of renal injury induced by a diet hiperlipémica following the withdrawal of this diet. 3 .- The study of the effect of atorvastatin on processes of progression and regression of renal injury induced by a diet hiperlipémica. For all this, we employ techniques biochemical, histological in light microscopy and electronic inmunocitoquímicas and quantification through image analysis. To attain the experimental protocols were used 100 chickens in the race White-Leghorn, 21 days of age were separated from arbitrarily into 2 groups A and B, group A was administered normal diet. In group B was fed with feed with cholesterol pure and crude palm oil during 3 months. After this period, the animals were divided into three groups, keeping them for 3 months with the following treatments: A: Control healthy, normal diet. B: Control atherogenic. C: spontaneous regression. Diet normal. D: Regression with intervention with atorvastatin. Diet normal and atorvastatin. E: Progression with intervention, dietary fat with atorvastatin. In connection with 3 goals outlined in the present study, we can conclude that: 1.-Nuestro experimental model is a model uniform and user-friendly for the study of kidney fat. The results can be contrasted with those of other species, despite differences with regard to the anatomy and physiology of mammals. Therefore, validamos our experimental design for the study of kidney damage caused by diet hiperlipémica. 2 .- The spontaneous regression, following the withdrawal of the diet led to a reduction of fat deposition and glomerular damage to be less effective than the intervention group with atorvastatin. 3 .- The atorvastatin, is presented as a drug that speeds up the accumulation of fatty regression, damage and remodeled glomerular of hypertrophy mesangial and vascular remodeling in the kidney. 4 .- On the other hand this statin slows the progression of fatty accumulation of damage and glomerular mesangial hypertrophy. However the results obtained in this study do not allow to conclude its role, to halt the progression of vascular remodeling.

Author: Cascales Peñalver Francisco Javier.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA [More theses of this university] [www.um.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Medicina.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Medicina.

Summary: Clinical study on 186 stories of subjects treated at the Dental Clinic at the University of Murcia and classified as temporomandibular dysfunction (DTM). We excluded cases diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia or burning mouth syndrome and met the inclusion criteria 140 stories. Over 20% of them are carried out a pilot study to determine the most representative variables (gender, age, source of reference, time evolution, history, symptoms, signs and alterations psicoemocionales). These variables were analyzed in the total of 140 cases from the standpoint of both descriptive and explore its relationship with the diagnosis (dislocated disco-condilar with / without reduction, myofascial pain, myofascial pain dislocated disco-condilar, headache and osteoarthritis) . The conclusions that were reached were as follows: - The cases of DTM presents, especially in young adults (20-40 years) and women (ratio 9:1 with respect to the boys). - The most frequent reasons for consulting are formed by the triangle orofacial pain, joint noises and functional limitation; orofacial pain is the most common. The time evolution is in most cases more than six months. - The background is most often found are the skeletal and locally, malocclusions and parafunctions. The orofacial pain is the most common symptom and noises articular the plus prevalerte. - Stress is a common disorder in these patients. - Cases of articular origin are more frequent in our sample.

Author: RODRIGUEZ HERNANDEZ PEDRO JAVIER.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA [More theses of this university] [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Epidemiological studies in child psychiatry methodological difficulties, among other factors, as a result of the large number of psychometric instruments presently available. The present study was conducted to validate and baremación of the Spanish version of Qualities and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, initials of its original name in English, Streingths and Difficulties Questionnaire). The SDQ is a tool for screening for psychological and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence first published in the year 1997. Its psychometric properties and usefulness of screening in community studies of mental disorders in childhood has been shown in multiple jobs. The selection of SDQ as a tool for screening in this research requires prior validation in Spanish language.

Author: CERVERA TAULET MANUEL.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: F. DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.

Author: CAULI OMAR.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PRINCIPE FELIPE.

Summary: Patients with hepatic encephalopathy present motor impairment after chronic liver disease. We studied the modulation of motor responses in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and the black substance pars reticulata induced agonists and antagonists (DHPG) (CPCCOEt) glutamate receptor metabotropicos of Group I in rats with chronic liver failure and controls. In control, the injection of DHPG in the NAcc increases dopamine and neural circuit: NAcc-VP-MDT-mPFCx. In chronic liver failure injection DHPG increases glutamate, which activates other neuronal circuit. The blocking mGluR 1 in the SNr with antagonist CPCCOEt restores motor activity in situations of chronic liver failure.

Author: SANZ COMAS FERNANDO.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE VALENCIA.

Summary: PRESENTATION / Justification: The induction obstetrica is a common procedure with figures of 16% to 30% of births. The cervix is crucial in this process. As ideamos a clinical trial, with approvals relevant to the AEM; where we compare a ripening of routine use (dinoprostona) with one that has no indication of use (misoprostol). SCENARIOS FOR WORK: Misoprostol applied vaginalmente in fórnix later, a dose of 25 micrograms / 4h maximum 4 doses within 24 hours is able to increase the number of vaginal respect to dinoprostona intracervical dose of 0.5 mg / 12 peak two doses. RESULTS: In a calculated sample size of 130 patients divided into 65 for each hospital (H. Gandia / H.Dr.Peset), there were no significant differences between the two populations. Finding that misoprostol vaginally administered at doses of 25 micrograms / 4h maximum 4 doses looks like a ripening agent / inducer delivery more effective than dinoprostona, is not associated with a commitment of fetal well-being, therefore it is safe and secure since punbto sight mother, because the side effects were minimal and mild, and no different from those of numerically implementing dinoprostona. Also not huibo difference in blood loss. And the perception of pain / anxiety was not different between both agents ripeners.

Author: Martorell Monserrat Jaime Miguel.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Veterinaria.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Veterinaria.

Summary: The Salmonellosis is a major problem in public and animal health. It has been shown that the reptiles act asymptomatic carriers of salmonella. Of these, aquatic turtles are among the most common pets and represent a source of infection. Although many describe data on the prevalence of salmonella in reptiles, in Spain published data Salmonella turtles in water are scarce. In this study were taken and samples were grown sewer and intestinal contents, liver and bile of 33 turtle species Trachemys scripta from three different centers to detect individuals asymptomatic carriers of salmonella. The bile is extracted through the technique of colecistocentesis percutaneous ecoguiada in anesthetized animals. We compared the results of the cultures of different samples to determine which was the more effective for detecting animal carriers of the bacteria. It also considered whether there were physical alterations and hematologic between turtles and free carriers of salmonella. The technique colescitocentesis percutaneous ecoguiada proved a technique easily and little invasive to obtain bile, as has been described in human medicine and other animals. The prevalence of Salmonella found in the study was 66.66%. The prevalence centers resulted in a 45.45% in the CRARC, a 54.55% in 'The Parc de les Aus' and 100% in central Torreferrussa, values that are similar or contrast with the previously described in the depending on literature studies. Serotypes were Salmonella Braenderup, S. Kottbus and S. Thompson, the latter being which was isolated in a larger number of turtles. It was possible to isolate Salmonella in bile samples of turtles alive, but the most effective for detecting animal carriers proved sample cloaca-contenido bowel. Turtles Trachemys scripta carriers of Salmonella were smaller and had lower rates corporal to turtles free of the bacterium. The index weight / length was the most effective way to identify the body condition of the turtles. By contrast no difference in the values analyzed blood between turtles and free carriers of salmonella.

Author: ESCOTO GONZÁLEZ REMBERTO.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: AUDITÓRIUM II, CENTRO DE OFTALMOLOGÍA BARRAQUER.
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE OFTALMOLOGÍA BARRAQUER.

Summary: The initial draft of this dissertation is to assess the effectiveness of a new therapy, thermotherapy transpupilar (TTT), macular degeneration associated with age (AMD) effusion. This is a disease whose main cause of loss of vision is caused by the formation of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which can be classical (ie, well-defined in the fluorescein angiography) or hides (poorly defined in the fluorescein angiography ). Initially, it conducts a review of the literature. It elaborates some theoretical concepts related to this entity: its pathogenesis, epidemiology and risk factors. To conclude this section examines the different treatments for AMD, but only considered derivatives randomized and controlled. Another point is that consists clinical research, which conducted three studies for different purposes. The first is retrospective and its objective is to assess the natural history of the hidden CNV secondary to AMD. The second study is prospective. Its objective is to confirm the safety of TTT. Although its visual results are similar to earlier, a small proportion of patients remains unchanged in its visual acuity. The third study is being done randomized controlled, double-blind. Their aim is to find a reliable evidence to determine the real effectiveness of the TTT hidden in these lesions. Their results show that this treatment is not inferior to placebo in any of the studied variables related to visual function. The importance of this latest study, is not only based on their results, but also constitutes the first installment double-blind exist in the literature about the TTT in the occult CNV associated with AMD. So far the only evidence available came from non-randomized studies. Although the results do not indicate an effect of size in the treated group, security demonstrating this treatment gives a possibility of opening a new avenue for research. This would be combined techniques with different mechanisms of action. To this end can take action angioclusiva of TTT with affection antiangiogénico derivative of other drugs.

Author: Guitart Masip Marc.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Escuela de Postgrado.
Place of preparation: Biologia Celular, Fisiología i Inmunología.

Summary: Hundreds of millions of people experiment with drugs of abuse. Vulnerability to develop addiction has been associated with impulsivity or novelty seeking. The Roman rats, genetically selected for high (RHA) or low (RLA) active avoidance acquisition in the two way shuttle box, appear to be a valid laboratory model of divergent novelty and substance seeking profiles and differ in the functionality of the dopaminergic system. So far, it is known that RHA rats drink ethanol voluntarily whereas RLA rats do not. In the present thesis, the Roman rats have been used as a model of differences in vulnerability to addiction. The aim of the theis was to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie such differences in vulnerability between the two Roman rat strains. The work has been divided in 3 experimental blocks. First, we studied the behavioral response to an injection of a low dose of ethanol in these rats. Like those humans at high risk to develop alcoholism, RHA rats were less sensitive to the effects of such dose of ethanol. Second, brains of naïve Roman rats were studied in order to characterize several molecular targets of the dopaminergic system and related neuropeptides: dopamine receptors subtypes (quantified by means of receptor autoradiography) and mRNA coding for neuropeptides (quantified by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry). When compared to RLA rats, RHA rats showed higher binding of D1 and D3 recptors subtypes and dynorphin mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell, although they showed lower D3 basal binding in the Calleja islands. Moreover, a challenge with a D3 agonist resulted in greater inhibition of locomotor activity as well as supression of NGFI-A (measured with in situ hybridization) in the Calleja magna in RLA rats when compared to RHA rats. These results provide further evidences of the differences in dopamine function between the Roman strains and may represent the neurobiological core of the divergences in novelty seeking and preference for addictive drugs such as ethanol. Third, behavioral sensitization, a model of behavioral and neuronal plasticity secondary to chronic drug use, was also studied in the Roman rats. Neuronal activity maps with 5 different immediate early genes were made by means of in situ hybridization. Amphetamine pretreated RHA rats showed behavioral sensitization and increased secretogranin and PSD-95 mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens core which is suggestive of increased glutamatergic activity at this site. These findings are discussed in the context of other laboratory models of chronic drug use. Pretreatment with amphetamine in RLA rats did not result in behavioral sensitization but induced neuronal adaptations that may be related to the lack of this phenomenon. Moreover, RLA rats that recieved amphetamine for the first time showed activation of the central amygdala. Activation of this nucleus was also seen in mice recieving ethanol and naltrexone, a drug used to prevent relapse in alcoholics. These findings suggest that the central amygdala may be a relevant brain structure in preventing drug addiction.

Author: GIBERT AGULLO ANNA.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: H.UNIV.MATERNO-INFANTIL.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO MATERNO-INFANTIL VALL D HEBRON DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The clinical diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism (HC) at birth is difficult. The severe neurological sequelae, sensory and development arising from delaying treatment, by the fact its prevention if caught early has led many countries to establish programs for early detection of HC. In Catalonia the agenda for early detection of HC was launched in 1982 and the year 1983 was formed in the Maternal Hospital Vall dÂ'Hebron a commission for the definitive diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. SCENARIOS FOR WORK The establishment of an early treatment for children diagnosed with HC through the program of early detection may make a somatic development similar to the normal population, although it could not be ruled out changes in the neurological and psychological development. Objectives To evaluate the working hypotheses have been studied cases of HC diagnosed by the program of early detection in Catalonia since 1986 to 1997 and have been checked at the unit tracking Maternal Hospital Vall dÂ'Hebron Barcelona until year 2002 with the following objectives: 1. Knowing the intensity and duration of hypothyroidism during the neonatal period. 2. Rate dosage L-tiroxina administered and serum T4 and TSH according to age. 3. The Growth Rate (height, weight and BMI) and bone maturation. 4. Valuing puberal development. 5. Valuing the neurological development. 6. Valuing the psychological evolution. 7. Correlating the intensity and duration of hypothyroidism with growth, puberal development, neurological and psychological development. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study is descriptive, and retrospective longitudinal, in a series of 136 cases of HC detected by the screening program in Catalonia in the year 1986 to year 1997. We have collected the following data from the medical records of 136 cases purpose of this study: DETAILS OF FIRST VISIT:-rate clinical Dussault. - T4 and TSH initials. Surface-the nuclei of ossification of the knee. - Thyroid scan. - Daily life at the beginning of treatment. - Dosing initial L-tiroxina per kg. - Daily life when T4 = 10 mg / dl and T4 = 12 mcg / dl. 'UP: 1) is monitoring the growth (weight, height, BMI, VC) of bone maturation, the treatment received (dosage L-tiroxina/Kg weight) and control biochemical (serum T4 and TSH ) at 3 months of age, at six months of age, a year and from that moment every six months. 2) Exploration psychological has been carried out in the child psychiatry service. We believe the results of the tests:-Scales McCarthy of Skills and Psicomotricidad. - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R). RESULTS children with congenital hypothyroidism detected and followed by the screening program in Catalonia, have growth, weight and BMI which is not different from that of the current population of Barcelona. In a sample of 37.5% of the cases, the psychological development is no different from that of the reference population. However, greater intensity of neonatal hypothyroidism and standardization later the same negatively correlated with the score on the psychological tests. We concluded that we must strengthen measures for optimizing the screening program to achieve starting treatment as early as possible (before the 15 days of life) and prevent some children do not reach their full intellectual potential.

Author: Bernal Acevedo Oscar.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Hospital Vall de Hebron.
Place of preparation: Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona.

Summary: This study examines various indicators and propose epidemic thresholds that can help for proper decision-making. For this, we selected 4 epidemics in which MSF has intervened in the past 5 years, sufficient information, in Angola, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Burundi. After a description of each epidemic using different indicators, revealed that the incidence Weekly and the proportion of malaria in the outpatient indicators are easy to collect, which quickly detected an increase in cases of malaria, and they serve to see evolves. Other indicators evaluated as the distribution by age group, fatality from malaria or proportion of admissions due to malaria, the proportion of malaria confirmed, did not meet the requirements mentioned above. The thresholds were established by the evidence of normalcy D'Agostino-Pearson and the ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics), were validated with tests of Kappa and Mc. Nemar, using programs statistical MedCalc ® (Schoonjans, 2006) and SPSS ® 12.0. Given these 4 epidemics have established thresholds on the basis of a sensitivity greater than 90% and a specificity of not less than 70%. For the incidence of malaria is the proposed threshold of 600 cases per 100,000 people per week and for the proportion of malaria was established in 50% of all queries in a week it is due to malaria. The resulting alert levels can help us make decisions that will be complemented by a study of the context, analysis of risk factors, the local response capacity and the possibility of outside help.

Author: Corripio Collado Iluminada.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Hospital de Sant Pau.
Place of preparation: Hospital de Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Summary: The argument that is presented is based on various research works, which aim to establish a link between dopamine receptors D2, with the prognosis of patients with a first episode of psychosis and the therapeutic response to the atypical antipsychotics. The basis of this study are four articles published in international journals, assessed by external reviewers, the field of psychiatry and the neuroimaging. In the preliminary work of Perez et al., 2003, establishing a relationship between increased uptake of D2 receptor factors adaptation premórbida and poor prognosis. Data provided by the naturalistic work Corripio et al., 2006, not only confirm these data but also relate this parameter neuroimaging with later developments toward schizophrenia. Studies Corripio et al., 2005 and Catafau et al., 2006, aimed at studying the response to atypical antipsychotic in the early stages of psychosis and factors related to the latency response to antipsychotic treatment. On one side it shows that the response to antipsychotic ziprasidone presents a profile of atipicidad mixed with a lower degree of D2 receptor blockade, but with a record of this occupation with the doses and the effects extrpiramidales. It is shown that the onset of response to treatment with risperidone not be explained by plasma levels or occupancy levels of RD2, inadequate at the start of treatment. In summarizing the findings of this thesis provide consistent data on the neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia as well as the relationship between D2 receptor with pronsotico and therapeutic response in these patients.

Author: RAMOS DE CAMPOS Ma. MACARENA.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: We conducted a prospective study of preoperative estadificación in 50 prostate cancer patients clinically confined to the gland, with transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance endocavitaria 'multicoil'. Taking into account the published series, we consider it an adequate sample size. The radical prostatectomy indicated in patients with a prostate tumor clinically órgano-confinado, has allowed us to have the full piece pathological prostate and seminal vesicles, 'gold standard' for the matching of the test results image employed. Because of the morbidity associated with short and long-term surgical technique of radical prostatectomy and the existence of alternative therapies with curative intent in the field of radiotherapy, this intervention is indicated only in patients with tumor órgano-confinada, where it reaches the greatest chance of cure. The high rate of disease progression post is a consequence of the infraestadificación of these patients. The clinical study we conducted prior to the preoperative surgical indication includes determining the PSA, Gleason stadium in the diagnosis of prostate biopsy neoformación, transrectal ultrasound, MRI endocavitaria 'multicoil' and bone scintigraphy. In order to minimize false positives unconnected with the same imaging techniques have been excluded from the study all cases in which the patient's own special circumstances could dictate the outcome of these explorations. With regard to equipment image employees, we believe that the ultrasound ALOKA SSD-1400 with transrectal transducer Joint Sectoral 120Â º to 5 MHz, and taking into account that there are studies showing that ecógrafos higher power have not shown greater capacity to local estadificación prostate cancer, offers the best quality image in the extension study local prostate and appropriate for comparison with MRI. newest of loco-regional estadificación in prostate cancer, pending consolidation in the clinical routine of these patients. In detecting stage T3 and assessing extracapsular extension, transrectal ultrasound introduced a low sensitivity and high specificity good diagnostic accuracy compared to the good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the RM-EMC. In assessing the invasion seminal, transrectal ultrasound showed a very low sensitivity, high specificity and good diagnostic accuracy compared to the good sensitivity, high specificity and good accuracy of the resonance. Finally, the study of the lateral process neoformativo, transrectal ultrasound submitted a discreet sensitivity and low diagnostic accuracy compared to the high sensitivity and accuracy of the resonance. In the latter case it was not possible to calculate the NPV of specificity and the absence of true negative, ie, introducing all prostate cancer patients. We conducted a statistical survey of contrast comparing the results of transrectal ultrasound and MRI endocavitaria 'multicoil'. In this study we demonstrated that MRI endocavitaria 'multicoil' presents a capacity estadificación overall prostate cancer higher, and statistically significant in the transrectal ultrasound, as well as the determi 8 nation d 8cf and extracapsular extension and the laterality process neoformativo. The superiority of MRI in these parameters appears to lie in the high incidence of tumors undetected by transrectal ultrasound, being ecogénicamente indistinguishable to the rest of prostatic parenchyma. In relation to the capacity of determining seminal invasion, we have not demonstrated the existence of statistically significant differences between the two explorations, but the low prevalence of affectation seminal due to the selection of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, this outcome seems conditional. In all cases studied, both explorations had a low frequency of false positives, fundamental fact in a study that could influence the image of deprivation therapy with curative intent is as radical prostatectomy in a cancer patient. The main disadvantage that may be due to the routine use of MRI endocavitaria 'multicoil' is its cost, however other authors have demonstrated clearly its advantage in this area in patients with prostate cancer risk middle and high. The high capacity estadificación of proof along with the ability to avoid other costly as CT scans and bone scintigraphy, in turn estadificación technique of choice in patients with prostate cancer low risk, and in conclusion, in the imaging technique of choice in the loco-regional estadificación of all prostate cancer patients.

Author: VIÑOLES PÉREZ JUAN.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: Introduction The development of the Ambulatory Surgery (CA) has focused on the incorporation of new technologies, drugs and procedures that increase the number interventions ambulatorizables. This growth has been assuming new surgeries increasingly aggressive solely on the basis of improved surgical and anesthetic techniques that allow for the absence of hospital patients. However, the development of such techniques to increase the capacity of the CA should be accompanied by better monitoring to assess the status of patients at home. Justification, working hypotheses and objectives Our working assumption is believing that the call has to be a reporting mechanism that can be effective if protocoliza. But the method Notary must be done in a way that can be compared with similar developments aggression and measure its effect on any patient. In literature reviews consulted on data collection will affect postoperative disparity of criteria used by creating a sense discouraging. For this reason, the objective of this work is to define a tool to try to measure changes postoperative home through an indicator of response to telephone protocol that phone call score. It is defined as the sum of the variables that form. Materials and methods are made 2027 calls protocolizadas applying the score telephone 928 patients in the unit Surgery Without Income (UCSI) at the University Hospital Dr. Peset Valencia. It defines the variables prehospitalarias such as age, sex and ASA. Hospital: type of intervention (specialty and intensity), operative time, time high and type of anesthesia. It is defined as the intensity surgical perceived aggression in the postoperative period. In order to study the relationship between the responses and the independent variables and pre-hospital, they fall under a logistic regression with odds accrued. Results The analysis of calls shows that the response protocol is influenced in general by five predictive variables: age, sex, specialty, intensity (type of intervention) and the type of anesthesia. According to the statistical analysis, each of which follows a model. It was generally observed that the response to severe pain is 7.1%; moderate pain: 21.6% and nausea exist in a 10.1% of patients in their homes. Discussion The results are similar to other studies. It is noted that the variable speaking time is not significant in comparison to the intensity surgery. As for the design of telephone score, it is able to predict the evolution postoperative influencing the design of patterns and models of analgesic action as the intensity surgery. It creates a link with the UCSI regarding postoperative monitoring and acts by increasing the level of confidence in the patient. Conclusions The score telephone is a tool used to evaluate objectively the state of the recovery home patient CA. You can influence the selection and treatment models for improving the performance of the UCSI. It can be applied to compare the postoperative evolution of a process known or intensity between different surgical treatments or painkillers.

Author: SANCHEZ ORTEGA JAVIER.
Year: 2006.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA DE MEXICALI (MEXICO).

Summary: Introduction: The pulpotomía is overwhelmingly accepted pulp treatment for tratameiento teeth primary symptom-free, with pulp commitment. However, there is no technique that is considered entirely appropriate. The pulpotomía by electrofulguración has been proposed as an alternative to the use of formocresol in this proceeding, although clinical studies comparing the two techniques are scarce. Objectives: This study seeks to know the effectiveness of the technique pulpotomía through elecrofulguración and assess whether an alternative to the practice of pulpotomía to formocresol as usual procedure for the vital pulp therapy of the primary dentition. Materials and Methods: We studied 29 patients (13 boys and 16 girls) between 4-8 years old with one or more molars in need of treatment pulpotomía. It was established 2 treatment groups: formocresol and electrofulguración who were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 12 months of seguimiento.Res

Author: Williams Vergara Esteban Alberto.
Year: 2006.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Odontología.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Odontología de Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México.

Summary: Introduction. Demographic changes of Mexico indicate that the proportion of the population of seniors from the rest of the population, is increasing. This aging population, we must reflect on the need to prepare to deal with quality seniors who will require and demand a wide variety of dental services. The municipality of Mexicali has no study or data that we can indicate the prevalence of coronal and root caries. General Objectives. To analyze the prevalence of dental caries and coronal root in a representative group of elderly residents in the municipality of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Specific. To detect possible associations between coronal and root caries, with the variables of age, sex, socio-economic level, smoking, alcoholism and hygiene (brushing and mouthwashes). Materials and Methods. In order to carry out research on dental caries is coronal and ra

Author: TAPIAS MOLINA VÍCTOR.
Year: 2006.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative process with chronic loss of dopaminergic neurons in the black substance (SN) and its fiber proyectantes in striated (ST). One of the triggers of this stress is the NOo. The activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) deregulates and generate large quantities of NOo, producing large quantities of free radicals that lead eventually to neuronal death. There are different isoforms of NOS: cytosolic and mitochondrial. They will be divided into components inducible and constitutive. The process that will lead to neuronal death in ST and SN will be different. The ST broke a glutamatergic neurotoxicity while in the SN is an inflammation. In the JV there is a dysfunction of complex I (CI), which contributes to a defect in the mitochondrial bioenergetics. The accumulation of Ca2 + by the mitochondria actively mtNOS, resulting in an excess of NOo that can react with the superoxide anion

Author: Vélez Gutiérrez Jesús Alfonso.
Year: 2006.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Odontología.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Odontología de Tijuana, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México.

Summary: Introduction. The dental caries and periodontal disease have a high prevalence in the Mexican Republic and affect a large proportion of the population. Epidemiological studies carried out in our country are not numerous, are isolated and most studies aimed at the school population under the age of 12 years, resulting in a significant backlog in the planning and implementation of programs to bring the community about dental education. Objectives. To determine through a comparative study of four academic units of the Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico, the impact of education on dental students and parents. Materials and Methods: We conducted through a random sampling rate, a comparative study on the influence of transverse education dental 195 students and 374 parents, which correspond to the academic units: Dentistry, Nursing, Languages and Architecture, dependent the Autonomous University d

Author: Montaño Pérez María de Lourdes.
Year: 2006.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Odontología.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Odontología de Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México.

Summary: Currently there is an international concern for environmental pollution and the effects that this presents pollution on health. In most countries multiplies legislation, environmental agreements, and education is seen as one of the key tools to raise awareness of the citizens in this area. They are undoubtedly hazardous waste one of the major causes of environmental pollution. Within classification of hazardous waste are biological infectious (RPBI), which are generated in the practice of medicine and dentistry. In Mexico and in other countries information on hazardous waste biological infectious, and there is little existing studies focusing only on waste generated at Medical Hospital, generated in the dental practice there are few references.