MEDICAL SCIENCE, 16

Author: Alegre Fernandez Marta.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Hospital Sant Pau. Barcelona.
Place of preparation: Hospital de Sant Pau.

Summary: Since the introduction in the year 1996 of protease inhibitors in combination with the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors for the control of AIDS, there is a new metabolic syndrome characterized by a redistribution of body fat, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance . Most studies to date linking antiretroviral treatment with the appearance of this lipodystrophy. In this thesis we studied the expression of various genes involved in differentiation adipocitaria, metabolism, mitochondrial function and adipoquinas in infected patients for HIV-1 before starting antiretroviral treatment. We compared the gene expression after the start of treatment and when the lipo. The results show that the majority of alterations in gene expression appear in patients naà ¯ ve to antiretroviral treatment combined. This treatment helps to maintain the altered expression of these genes adipocitarios, significantly decreasing the genes of mitochondrial function, specifically encoded by mitochondrial DNA, which would support the theory of mitochondrial toxicity implicated in the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy. The increase in the gene expression of TNF-alpha also suggests a mechanism responsible for inflammatory changes in adipocyte before and after drug treatment.

Author: Pabón Valverde Marcela.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultat de Veterinària.
Place of preparation: Facultat de Veterinària.

Summary: Neospora caninum infection is at present one of the main causes of abortion in dairy herds globally. This study was based on analysis reproductive and serological entire herds that had submitted outbreaks of abortions in the area of Lleida (Northeastern Spain). The presence of the parasite was also confirmed through the analysis of tissues from aborted fetuses. There is a direct relationship between infection N. Caninun and abortion in all flocks analyzed, and the entire flock of serology proved a good indicator of the risk of abortion on farms. Faced with an outbreak of abortions associated with N. Caninum is mask the risk factors of abortion before the 90 days of gestation. The effect of abortion N. Caninum was observed mainly from the 90 days of gestation, specifically in the second third. The analysis of the ways of transmission of the infection indicated that the road was the main congenital, but there was a small percentage of horizontal transmission. In the analysis of a herd with neosporosis endemic, there was a high rate of repeat abortions in animals prior to abortion.

Author: LLOMBART CLARA CRISTINA.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: In retinas from mouse and man, bridges Intervessel (PIVs) filaments are formed exclusively of basement membrane, without light, which connect the blood vessels. The PIVs not contain extensions citoplasmáticas of endothelial cells, or the pericitos. In the place where there is a VIP, the blood vessels are incurvan approaching connected to each other, suggesting that the PIVs maintain the architectural space of the blood vessels in the retina. In an animal model of diabetic retinopathy, in which the vascular alterations progressing from the non-proliferative phase to phase proliferative, the transgenic mice that sobreexpresa IGF-1 in the photoreceptors, the breaking of PIVs leads to vascular disruption, with a increased distances intercapilares. Moreover, the breaking of PIVs also produces the collapse of the walls of blood vessels, decreasing the light and reducing capillary perfusion retinal vascular. This increase in the distances intercapilares and decreased blood perfusion can induce hypoxia partially observed in the cells of the retina of the transgenic mice. The breaking of PIVs has been correlated with the increase in MMP-9, as the IV collagen, a major component of PIVs, is a substrate specificity of the MMP-9. The zimografías "on the spot" showed that the activity gelatinasa of MMP-9 was located at the place where it had broken the PIVs. All these results suggest that the breaking of PIVs can have an important role in the development of retinopathy. The breaking of PIVs can be one of the initiators of proliferative retinopathy, triggering the neovascularization.

Author: VELASCO RUIZ IRENE.
Year: 2006.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: This doctoral thesis, structured into chapters, is an original research that aims to deepen the basic immunology of endometriosis and try to target new therapeutic actions to deal with this disease. It is intended, first, to evaluate in vivo potential immunological changes in human and experimental endometriosis after treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) as immunomodulating agent. On the other hand, seeks to determine the in vitro effect of some cytokines on the regulation of the expression of aromatase in endometriosis. Effect of the administration of IL-2 in patients with endometriosis. It identifies the changes in cytokine levels in serum of women with endometriosis after being treated with punción-aspiración of endometriomata under the effect of GnRH analogues and administration of dextrose solution with or without IL-2 within the cyst. Relating therapy clinic evaluation shows that patients treated with IL-2 showed good progress in 90% of cases, with a tendency to decrease serum levels of cytokines, compared to 30% in the other group. Increasing the dose of IL-2 does not increase the effectiveness of this therapy, but the repetition of the technique to administer a new dose of the drug. Velasco I, Campos A Acién P. Fertil. Steril., Vol. 83, n ° 4, 2005: 873-877. Acién P Pérez-Albert G Quereda FJ, Sánchez-Ferrer/Alejandro M García-Almela A Velasco I. Obstet Gynecol Invest, Vol. 60, 2005: 224-231. Effect of the administration of IL-2 in the experimental model of endometriosis in Wistar rats. It determines the effect that holds the administration of IL-2 in rats with experimentally induced endometriosis, and immunological changes produced in the blood, peritoneal lavage, endometrium and vesicles endometriósicas of these animals after treatment.  |. Chapter 3 also contains an article (section 3.1), which is determined by immunohistochemical techniques expression of the enzyme aromatase in various tissues, including ectopic endometrium of patients with moderate or severe endometriosis undergoing surgical treatment of the disease. In that same work is analyzed in vitro the effect of the addition of peritoneal fluid, IL-6 or TNF recombinant on aromatase activity in stromal cells derived from tissue endometriósico and adipocitos of subcutaneous fatty tissue of these patients.

Author: FRUTOS ALEGRIA MARIA TERESA.
Year: 2006.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Concern for cognitive impairment charges highlighted during the last hundred years. In recent decades, scientific advances, the aging population and improvements in the quality of life make dementias a matter of interest not only health but also social, political and economic.

Author: ALONSO MAGDALENA PALOMA.
Year: 2006.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE.
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE BIOINGENIERIA.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE BIOINGENIERIA. UNIVERSIDAD MIGUEL HERNANDEZ DE ELCHE.

Summary: Keeping the concentration of glucose in the blood is a complex process thinly regulated by the cells that make up the islet of Langerhans, the functional unit of the endocrine pancreas. The alterations in the functioning of islet associated with the development of diabetes and / or its complications. Despite that, classically, the pancreas has not been considered a target organ for the action of 17 beta-oestradiol (E2), there is ample evidence of the role that this hormone can exert on the physiology of islet. Early indications of the effect of this hormone on homeostasis glucémica dating from 70. In work carried out by the group Sutter-Dub, the authors demonstrate the effect insulinotrópico of E2. Moreover there has been its ability to reduce levels of glucagon in vivo. Years later, it is found that this hormone regulates how fast the calcium signal both pancreatic alpha and beta cells, producing significant physiological changes, such as the regulation of insulin secretion and activation of transcription factor CREB. Moreover, it has been coined the term of endocrine disruptors, to define the diverse package of chemicals, environmental pollutants that interact with the endocrine system. It is known that certain disruptors are able to mimic the action of E2 are xenoestrógenos or artificial estrogen. Thus the objective of this PhD thesis has been to characterize the effect of E2 and some xenoestrógenos on the alpha and beta cells of the islet of Langerhans, and tackle the study of pancreatic endocrine tissue as a potential target for endocrine disruption and its influence on the generation in type II diabetes. We have seen that certain xenoestrógenos as bisfenol-A (BPA), or diethylstilboestrol (DES), to mimic the natural hormone E2, negating the intracellular calcium oscillations in the glucagon-secreting cells. The effect is fast, and are played by non-permeable molecule to the plasma membrane as E-HRP, so that at low doses, endocrine disruptors may regulate oscillatory pattern of calcium through a route different from the classical that starts in the plasma membrane. Studies of competition E-HRP in alpha cells, identified by immunocytochemistry, supporting the idea that E2, the BPA and DES share the binding site in the plasma membrane. The pharmacological profile of this binding site is different from classical estrogen receptor and the signal does not get stuck with the antiestrogen ICI182, 780. The effects induced by the BPA, the DES and E2 are blocked by the toxin pertúsica, inhibitory proteins Gai and Gao, and by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ, and the NO synthase, L-NAME. The effects are reproduced by the 8Br-cGMP and lapse with KT5823, an inhibitor of protein kinase-dependent cyclic GMP (PKG). Ultimately, the BPA and DES mimic the actions of E2 in the islet cells of the alpha, via a new route that includes a receiver coupled to a G-protein, NOS and PKG. We have also shown that BPA mimics the effects of E2 in vivo on glucose homeostasis through tracks genetics and genomic not. The exposure of an adult mouse to a single dose of E2 or GAP 10 ug / kg caused a rapid drop in blood glucose that corresponds with an increase in plasma insulin levels. It is a quick impact not sensitive to antiestrogen ICI 182780, which leads to believe in the participation of a host of estrogen receptors different from classical and very probably not the same receiver classic implicated in the effects of E2 and the rapid GAP in isolated islets. Exhibits longer to E2 or BPA trigger an increase in insulin content in pancreatic beta cells. This effect is visible after two days of treatment and begins to be significant at doses as low as 10 ug / kg. After four days of treatment with E2 or GAP, these mice presented hyperinsulinemia as well as an alteration in testing glucose tolerance and insulin, which establishes a close relationship between environmental estrogens and insulin resistance. I am 8 diante and 39b xperimentos in vitro demonstrate that the increase in the content of insulin is produced by a direct effect of E2 and the BPA on the endocrine pancreas through classical estrogen receptor alpha.

Author: RAMIREZ MINGORANCE EVA EVA MARÍA.
Year: 2006.
University: ALFONSO X EL SABIO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD.

Summary: The Forensic Medicine, in terms of science aplicativa, has its most genuine demonstration in the valuation, regardless of the jurisdiction in which it is carried out: criminal, civil or labor. The Legal Dentistry is a branch of the Forensic Medicine which deals with the application of knowledge dental, in the service of justice and the drafting of laws relating to its specialty. At present the teeth are a key element in identifying medico. Its great value lies in the high resistance to the agents that cause the destruction of the soft parts of the body: putrefaction, physical agents, chemists, traumatic, and so on. Arguably, moreover, that no two people with the same teeth, given the enormous variety of features indiviualizadoras provided by the teeth. Its importance grows in the event of major catastrophes or disasters collective. The information can provide the dental examination includes the characteristics of species, breed, sex, age, height and specific data that allow indiviualización. Thus, among the features that permit identifying the persons are dental treatments: amalgams, resins, prostheses, therapeutic techniques, and so on. The mouth completes a camera that the presence of saliva is kept moist, which contrubuye to its resistance to heat, so much so that some authors called safe in the human body. Dental identification is the result of the comparison of data pstmorten, extracted from the corpse, with antemortem provided by the dentists that were previously on the individual. The method of identification is used universally to fingerprints, but is limited in situations where there was fire, decomposition or amputation, not being registered besides all the people through them. In his case the teeth, being more resistant structures of the body, remain in time while the rest of the body is decomposed. The identification by recognition or direct methods accessories is unreliable because it is susceptible to errors, analytical techniques, except the DNA (which resolves all cases), radiologícas and others are just indiciarias up. The dental identification cobra relevancia in cádaveres and that the destruction could reach such an extent that neither the fingerprinting or DNA technique allows the identification of the remains burnt. However teeth resist temperatures in excess of 1000 degrees allowing his study identifier. Often found in the bodies aesthetic restorations that allow the identification of the body, compared to ante-mortem data. In our work we have demonstrated the importance of identifying the materials used in aesthetic restorative dentistry, capable of identifying comparison. Our experience has shown us in forensic cases known to be perfectly possible to determine the elements that make up each restoration and thus its entire structure. For our research has been analyzed 30 samples caught at random, representing trademarks known (10% of the total known) are commonly used in dental clinic. Have been studied by means of a scanning microscope coupled to a technique for analyzing elements of energy dispersive X-ray This equipment allows qualify and quantify individual components of the different composites investigated. We have chosen two working groups. The first, as a reference sample composites are used in dental restorations, which have been pulverized for study. The second working group, these teeth have been subjected to the action of heat from a laboratory mufla to 500 degrees in temperature, thus resembling the actual situation in adáveres charred teeth, in which the oral cavity to be protected by saliva and soft tissue, not normally exceed this temperature. 8 The resu 3e8 ltados have shown that the composition of the composites were maintains with insignificant changes, which opens up new ways of research into charred corpses, aesthetic restorations, which may exist chip ante-mortem ralizada by her dentist who logically detailed the type of restoration carried out.

Author: JOSE BERNARDO GUTIERREZ SANCHEZ.
Year: 2006.
University: CANTABRIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Practice exercise on a regular basis relates to a less likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease and because the prevalence of these diseases related to the endothelial dysfuntion has increased considerably, we believe the relevant study the relation of endothelial function with exercise. Therefore we conducted a study on the relationship between exercise and endothelial function analyzing flows arterial reactive hyperemia of upper and lower limbs of comparative groups with different exercise habits in relation to biochemical markers of endothelial dysfuntion, cardiovascular risk and antioxidant status. In our study we found that the increase in vasodilatory factors in the high-performance athletes is offset by higher levels of substances vaoconstrictoras. That, in the professional training conducted at regular intervals for a period more than 5 years induces a decrease in the fraction oxidized LDL. Also note that after exercise the protective effect of total antioxidant status is maintained for at least one year, but lost over time. We found no significant difference between endothelial function exercises dominance dynamic and isometric. Our study confirms that physical activity that takes place in the professional training regularly produces significant differences in the increases in arterial flow and that the greatest number of hours of training related to greater increases in blood flow during hiporemia reactive.

Author: Ramos Casamayor Ignacio.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL VEGA BAJA. ORIHUELA (ALICANTE).

Summary: The observational study of a cohort of young adult population overweight and without traditional cardiovascular risk factors (FRCV) shows an increase of 2.7% of body weight to the 4 and a half years of follow-up. The weight gain is accompanied by the following changes in serum markers of insulin resistance and inflammation subclinical: significant decrease adiponectina, significant increase insulin index HOMA-RI and TNF-alpha and non-significant increase in C-reactive protein ( PCR). The changes in blood glucose, lipid and blood pressure are generally less robust that changes in serum markers mentioned. In a control group of individuals with normopeso, changing weight of FRCV and serum markers was similar to the group overweight. At the end of follow-up, subjects were overweight presents an normal glucose, lipid and blood pressure and, while levels of insulin, HOMA-RI, PCR and adiponectina within the values considered to be at risk.

Author: CERDEIRA GREGORIO FRANCISCO.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA - UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.

Summary: During the orthodontic movement exists susceptibility of bone loss, which could jeopardize the longevity of the tooth. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are two hormones involved in the regulation of bone and mineral metabolism of calcium homeostasis. The 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, metabolite more active vitamin D, intervenes actively in the process of bone remodeling that takes place during the orthodontic movement, through the union to its receptor, VDR. Thus, vitamin D stimulates bone resorption through a primary action on osteoblasts that are induced by hormone to produce other paracrine factors that stimulate osteoclasts, which in turn begin to reabsorb bone. The VDR gene contains two possible start codons (ATG) of the transcript in exon II. In the first ATG codon is detected a polymorphism using restriction enzyme Fok I. It is a point mutation by C T, ATG passes ACG, so there is a shift of the second transcription initiation codon, located three codons below. This mutation leads to a protein three amino acids shorter, so that their functions are altered, such as regulating the expression of genes involved in bone remodeling, associating this mutation, in some stocks, with greater bone mineral density . The objective of this work has been possible to establish the relationship between VDR polymorphisms Fok I and bone turnover generated in orthodontic patients. From a sample of peripheral blood of each patient genomic DNA was extracted using the method of extracting fenol - cloroformo and then a fragment amplified by PCR receptor VDR of 265 bp. Then they proceeded to the identification of different genotypes, FF / Ff / ff by cutting enzyme with Fok I, being f the normal allele and F the mutated allele. On the other hand, every patient he took two panoramic radiographs, one at the beginning and one at the end of treatment, to measure bone remodeling after orthodontics. Our results indicate that there are significant differences between bone turnover and age, and between bone turnover and the genotype / age, being the genotype Ff the lowest percentage of bone turnover in young women. In addition, it is in younger patients where percentage is lost less bone, unlike adults, reflecting bone loss in more than half of the measuring point, in connection with the polymorphism Fok I receptor vitamin D.

Author: CRESPO VÁZQUEZ ELVIRA.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA.

Summary: In healthy teeth, root resorption is defined as a reworking active cement located in the root apex; these injuries will be repaired by cement retraining without altering the periodontal health. The most common are small, shallow, painless, discontinuous and quickly repaired, being the third most common apical. In contrast, teeth with periodontal disease is a disease process with clinical and radiological manifestations causing the destruction of the tooth root and for which there is no single cause. The increase in the severity of periodontal disease, produces an increase in root resorption and a decline in the ability to repair, in such cases there is a loss of insertion cemento-alveolar and a loss of alveolar bone. The etiology of resorptions is manifold and this was still very controversial, we have local factors, and systemic idiopathic, all induce the appearance of periodontal inflammation, which produces an assault on the periodontium, activándose cells clásticas in bone and periodontal ligament , causing the reabsorption of the dental tissues. In this paper we intend to complete and the findings obtained by our team of research on the root resorption, based on their relationship with the occlusal trauma in teeth with periodontal disease. Therefore, the objective of our work is valued by comparing teeth with periodontal disease, the influence of antagonistic forces in the presence and severity of root resorption. We have 88 teeth groups premolar and molar belonging to 91 patients between the ages of 43 and 91 years. None of these teeth had received treatments endodóncico, orthodontic, or periodontal restorer. All had periodontal disease and belonged to the Group II and III according to the classification of the severity of periodontal disease proposed by Crespo et al in 1999. We methodology histological, getting cuts of 6 microns those who are doing two techniques staining: Hematoxilina-eosina and Tricrómico of Masson, then these cuts were morphologically analyzed using an optical microscope Olympus BX40, which was built a camera Olympus DP10, the images obtained were processed by an image analysis program, and the following measurements were performed length and area of cement and the resorptions, these measurements through some mathematical calculations we find the percentages of surface and volume resorbed, these are presented to the value of the average  ± standard deviation and comparisons are made between different groups through the T-Student, when comparing two groups and Anova when we comparisons of more than two groups, and the method for comparisons of Bonferroni post. In our results, we found resorptions root in 100% of the teeth studied. Looking at the percentages, we suggest that the severity of periodontal disease, increases the breadth and depth of the root resorptions and influences significantly in the group premolar; that the presence of antagonist compounds the root resorptions and influences significantly in the group premolar tooth, in Group III of periodontal disease and tooth belonging to women, and that the presence of antagonist and the severity of periodontal disease act as interveners in the aggravation of resorptions root.

Author: SANCHEZ SANCHEZ MARIA DEL ROSARIO.
Year: 2006.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The tumor size is the main parameter considered as a factor in the prognosis of breast cancer. In the present study we analyzed the variations in the proportion of cases of invasive pequeñso to breast carcinomas along delos past 20 years, the differences between patients with carcinomas smaller and larger than in terms of their age and condition menopausico and possible differences related with features hitoptologicas and parameters of molecular biology. In addition, we investigated the possible factors related to the characteristics histopatolgoicas and parameters of molecular biology. Also, we investigated the possible factors realcionados with lymph node involvement, the time disease-free and overall survival in patients with small tumors. This study included 1564 patients diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of the breast. All patients were treated surgically. The histologic grade of the tumor was determined according to the criteria of Bloom and Richardson, while the state of affectation tumroal of gangnlios nodes axillary was assessed histologically. All patients underwent clinical studies, raidológicos and biological every 3 months during the first few years and then anulamente. Similarly, we studied the time disease-free and overall survival of 5 and 10 years. Various analytical methods were used to evaluate the content intraturmoral of estrogen and progesterone receptors, the expression of pS2, catepsina D. EGFR cerbB2 acid hialurónico, metaloproteasas and their inhibitors. The percentage of tumors T1 was lower in the period 1983-1190 than in periods 1991.1995.1996.2000 or 2005. We found significant differences in distribuicón of tumor sizes depending on the age of the patients, lymph node involvement, histologic grade and MOP. For example, younger women with node-negative, histological grade moderately differentiated, or PR positive tumors showed a higher percentage of tumors T1 addition, patients with tumors T1 showed levels intratumorales lowest of catepsina D compared with patients having a larger tumor. The following factors were significantly associated with time disease-free and overall survival: the tumor size, lymph node involvement status, number of axillary lymph nodes involved, histologic grade and condition d elos MOP, while the state of the IR was just what over time free of disease, histologic type and concentrations intratumorales of pS2 and tAP, were significantly associated with overall survival. The greatest percentage of cases correspondió tumors T1. Tumors T1 were significantly and positively associated with a lower age of patients with a histologic grade distinct, and less lymph node involvement. However, within the T1 concentrations intratumorales high catepsina D was the only factor significantly associated with the afectación ganglionar.

Author: FAGUNDO GONZALEZ EVA.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: SALON DE GRADOS. FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Study cutaneous melanomas diagnosed in the North Sanitary area of the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife during the period 1999-2005. We performed a descriptive analysis of melanomas as its epidemiological characteristics, anatomoclínicas and histological. The prognostic variables were measured as the rate of Clark Breslow, ulceration, regression, number of lymph affections, location of metastases, elevated enzyme lactic dehydrogenase and stage (TNM melanoma, AJCC). We evaluated different protocols treatments made. Finally described the phenotypic characteristics phototypes, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and use of sun protection factor.

Author: LORENZO ROCHA NIEVES DORIA.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.

Summary: SYNDROME HEREDITARY LYNCH IS A DISEASE THAT DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF TUMORS DIVERSA LOCATION, AND IN THE FREQUENTLY THE COLORRECTALES And ENDOMETRIO. ON THE ORIGIN OF THIS SYNDROME IS ONE OF THE CHANGE IN THE GENES INVOLVED IN THE DNA OF REPAIR OR SYSTEM MISMATCH REPAIR. THIS IS THE STUDY OBJECTIVE IDENTIFY THE PEOPLE OF RISK, DESCRIBE YOUR TUMORAL SPECTRUM IN RELATION TO THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF CANARIES AND DEMONSTRATING THE MUTATION CAUSANTE OF THIS DISEASE. RESULTS DEMUESTRAN A PREDISPOSICIÓN TO DEVELOPMENT OF TUMORS COLORRECTALES AND ENDOMETRIO TO AN EARLY AGE IN DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR PEOPLE WITH THE DISEASE AND DESCRIPTION FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE LITERATURE OF PARTNERSHIP WITH LEIOMIOSARCOMA AND OF A CHANGE IN THE EXÓN 13 OF GEN MSH2.

Author: RAMOS LINARES SARA.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: Salón de Grados de la Facultad de Medicina.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD MEDICINA.

Summary: Problems related to medications (PRM) cause of hospital emergencies frequently. In this research we determined the prevalence of visits to the emergency room for PRM, identified the PRM avoidable, were categorized by severity and identified the factors and drugs associated with the occurrence of these health problems. The study population were users of the emergency department excluding voluntary drug poisoning, gynecological and pediatric emergencies. The most relevant results were that the prevalence of emergency by PRM was 33%, considered avoidable for 70% of them. The drugs most commonly associated with the occurrence of these health problems are acting on the nervous system and those who act on the musculoskeletal system. There was a predominance of PRM in women, elderly and patients with belonging to the most disadvantaged social classes. The female gender, the number of medications and health practices are predictive factors for the emergence of PRM.

Author: RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ LUZ MILVA.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA, UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.
Place of preparation: LA LAGUNA.

Summary: Breast cancer has increased its prevalence. Their treatment can cause side effects, such as premature menopause and osteoporosis.

Author: SARALEGUI RETA IÑAKI.
Year: 2006.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGIA UPV/EHU.

Summary: The bioethical principle of autonomy reflects the right of every adult patient to decide whether or not to accept a particular treatment. To preserve this right, even in situations of incompetence of the patient, have been proposed documents Will (VA), whose value can be increased in cases of patients with chronic diseases in ways that can be expected to improve as patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Research is a qualitative study (purposive sampling of homogeneous subsets defined for the approach saturation) whose main objective is to understand the information they receive a COPD patient about the disease, prognosis, treatment and about the planning of their health care if Exacerbation serious, through semi-structured interviews to forty patients. CONCLUSIONS * COPD patients do not receive information on mechanical ventilation and admission to a Medical Service as intensive treatment options, and therefore do not have enough information to discuss and participate in decision-making. The process usually informative stops at one point, a limit difficult to overcome: the dialogue on aspects of the end of life.

Author: FERRER SOLER LAURA.
Year: 2006.
University: GIRONA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE GIRONA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE GIRONA.

Author: Alba Fernández Raúl.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Veterinaria.
Place of preparation: Centro de Biotecnología Animal y Terapia Génica (CBATEG).

Summary: The Ad vector is the most commonly used in clinical trials with humans. To avoid cellular immune response induced by Ad-1 st and 2 nd generation, were generated vectors 3 rd generation, also called gutless or helper dependents. To produce these vectors will need three key elements: an Ad gutless with a therapeutic gene of interest or marker, a helper Ad provide the viral proteins needed in trans-and-a permissive cell line for production of Ad. The Ad gutless by not contain any viral coding region, do not generate cellular immune response and have a capacity of up to 36 Kpb. It has been shown that the expression of genes that incorporate may last a lifetime of the organism. However, while presenting great advantages, its use in clinical trials with humans has not been feasible because of two major drawbacks: Ad pollution helper and its mass production. To solve the problem of pollution by Ad helper, this paper proposes a new system generation Ad gutless based on recombinasa FC31-attB/attP. The ad generated helper carry its signal flanked by sequences attB / attP. FC31 is a recombinasa unidirectional which once his role in splitting the signal package, avoiding the reverse reaction. This feature is an advantage over other recombinasas as Cre or FLPe. Surprisingly, with the sequence attB between the tip of Ad ITR and its signal packaging, the Ad helper generated enlarges its viral cycle until 56-60 hours, however, this does not affect the replication of the viral genome and efficient production viral proteins. It has also been shown that the process of packaging such as the maturation of the viral particle are affected. It has been observed that the cloning of a second signal packaging in the extreme 3 'normalized production levels of the Ad controls, thus confirming that the genome is not retained in any region of nuclear weapons. Tests have shown that EMSA different cell proteins bind to the sequence attB and probably the union of one prevents the proper packaging of the adenoviral genome. Therefore, the packaging of the time differential by Ad helper-attB/attP generated has been exploited for the production of Ad gutless acotando their production to 36 hours (time during which an Ad complete control their viral cycle). However, the productions of Ad gutless, pollution levels were high Ad helper and they increased significantly in the successive steps of amplification. Analysis of the extreme 5 'Ad helper confirmed that it recombinaba with Ad gutless by the signal packaging losing sequences recombination and thus their ability to packed more slowly. However, the reversal of the signal package meant to demonstrate that this effect is easily avoidable This makes Ad helper Ad5/FC31.Cre.YR in a good tool for the production of Ad gutless.

Author: PICÓ GARCÍA ANDRÉS.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO BARRAQUER.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO. UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The aim of the thesis is to study possible changes in corneal curvature, and hence in the refractive power of the cornea caused by corneal incision of 3 to 4 millimeters used in cataract surgery in order to ascertain their eventual induction astigmática. This raises the hypothesis that the incisions studied not induce a astigmatismo clinically significant. At the same time, and as a result the primary objective, it is proposed to establish the effectiveness of the procedure as refractive surgical technique. The astigmatismo induced is a problem that has accompanied historically to surgery for cataract since its inception. The practice of corneal incisions large, as well as the implementation of stitches emerged as the main factors in generating the same. The introduction and further development of the facoemulsificación assisted by ultrasound or sonofacoaspiración, and the flexible use of intraocular lenses, made possible cataract extraction by corneal incisions less than 4 millimeters. This technique is currently the most widely used for cataract extraction. Currently popular are the so-called "micro-incisiones" approximately 1.5 millimeters or even minor surgery for cataracts. Apart from the alleged benefit in terms of minor trauma in the anterior chamber, due to the tightness and fewer intraoperative fluid employee, he wondered if it offers advantages in terms of astigmatismo induced regard to the current technical universally accepted. This is one of the reasons why it was decided to conduct a comprehensive study of the variables refractivas of the art today can be considered as "classical". The thesis provides contrasting results of the changes caused by topographic and refractive corneal incision of about 3 millimeters for cataract surgery applicable as prognostic factor in this type of surgery. The work also confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of the technique studied as a single procedure for refractive eye low astigmatismo preoperative.