DIAGNOSY USING IMAGE

Author: POZO GARCÍA MARIA GLORIA DEL.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA - UNIV. COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: OBJECTIVE Increasing the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the invagination (IT), contributing to reduced radiation and the cost of handling them by describing signs U.S. characteristic explanation of the components that make up the IT and valuation of possible ischemic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a description comparative study between ultrasound in vitro and in three histologic invaginaciones surgically induced in animals, confrontándose with findings in children (44 cases). Moreover, it was determined the presence of fluid in the inner dela invagination (145 episodes). RESULTS In court axial ultrasound image of the invagination presents a pattern "donut" at the center of which displays a semiluna ecogéncia due to embracing the intussusceptum incoming mesentery. In 20/145 cases (14%) was observed peritoneal fluid trapped within the IT. The reduction rates were 81% (116 to 144) in total and 26% (5 of 19) in the cases with fluid inside the investigation. The surgery was not seen in ischemia none of the 14 cases without liquid inside the invagination, while existed in 10 of 20 cases with fluid inside the invagination arrive in two to necrosis (p less 0,001) . Significant quantities of liquid (14 by 5 mm) are strongly linked with irreductibilidad and ischemia (odds ratio 67.5). CONCLUSION We define images U.S. characteristics: a sign of "crescent-in-doughnut" and their variations with precise correlation with the different components of the pathology invagination. We demonstrate that there may be fluid within the IT: sign of "double crescent-in-doughnut", with ascites caught it relates to ischemia and irreductibilidad. The U.S. for their safety and effectiveness should be the first diagnostic step for the IT.

Author: PAYERAS LLODRA GUILLERMO.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIV. COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: The capsule endoscopy is a new approach in dealing with the gastrointestinal tract in a painless and without exposure to radiation. This system uses a miniature video camera inside a wireless capsule, after being ingested by the patient, makes it possible to visualize the entire small intestine under physiological conditions without needing to breathe air. At present, be the bearer of a cardiac pacemaker is a contraindication for the study of the small intestine with endoscopic capsule. Nevertheless, the medical community insists on the need for using capsule endoscopy in patients with pacemakers when other modes of diagnosis is not clearly identified pathologies. After reviewing the existing literature on the subject, we think that that fact should not be an impediment to carrying out the study with capsule endoscopy. To demonstrate divided the study into two phases: a phase in vitro, with a detector interference, and a second stage with two groups of 20 patients each, while 20 of them carry a cardiac pacemaker. All patients of them conducted a study of the small intestine with endoscopic capsule endoscopy. After statistical analysis, have not been appreciated interference between the pacemaker and endoscopic capsule nor an increased incidence of side effects. The image quality and characteristics of the exploration was similar in both groups.

Author: ARANGO ISAZA LUIS GABRIEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of preparation: MEDICINA.

Summary: The high resolution computerized tomography (TCAR) is the most reliable method of in vivo diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema. The TCAR emphysema can be seen as areas of low attenuation for densities lower -960 UH. Quantification of these areas is carried out through a mask for the density threshold mentioned. The method has the disadvantage that in normal lung there is a variable number of these areas which do not constitute a pattern of emphysema. The aim of the thesis has been to design a method capable of overcoming the limitations of measurement based on a single parameter. It has used texture analysis (statistical First and second order) and matrix run-length. The procedure consists of a first phase of a second discrimination and classification. The evaluation was done in regions of interest (ROIs) from emphysema, lung fibrosis and normal. The selection of parameters has been done by discriminant analysis (stepwise approach or steps). There have been six parameters of the matrix of concurrency and the corresponding coefficients for the functions Fisher. The result of screening is 93.3% for emphysema, 91.7% for lung normal and 100% for fibrosis. The method of validation by leave one out for emphysema was 91.6%, 90.1 for ROIs normal and 100% for fibrosis. The ROC curve was an area of 0979. In conclusion, the method has a high accuracy which makes it a potential alternative to densitometric methods. Finally the parameters are implemented in a tool for automatic quantification of pulmonary emphysema (Emphysema-Quant).

Author: ALMELA DIEZ VICENTE.
Year: 2004.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of biomechanical behavior of complex articulate C4 and correlacionarlo with her anatomy. Just as we study their morphology into sections and study their bone density subcondral. The material used has been 30 specimenes, selaccionados random; of which were discarded 14 after resalizar CT (Tomoscan CX) due to the existence objetibales sign artrosicos. It precticó dissection of the vertebra regulated and complex joints. And finally, conducting T:: C: Elscint Helicoidal. In terms of results it has been statistically proven that each section is different from the others, but it is very significant to the level N2, N4, and the N2, N9. The pattern bicentrico are grouped mainly at levels N2, N3 and N4. The coclusiones to which we have arrived are: 1. The complex articulation of the vertebrae C4, can be divided anatomically in the segment reperdicular and segment pedicular. 2. The segment pre-pedicular is characterized by: a) a pattern density osea mostly bicentrico b) their difference in morphology branch of pedicular, evidenciable by medíos recognition binary forms. C) cortical subcontral is thinner. D) its anchor to procesus costo-transversus. 3. The segment pedicular is characterized by: a) a pattern of bone density monocentrico locating previous b) their difference in morphology branch of pre-pedicular, evidenciable by means of recognition of binary forms, the cortical subcondral is thicker and blends with the the pediculo. D) its anchor to pediculo. 4. The technique of optical linear correlation, implemented computer detects differences in morphology binary elements anatomical and it is useful to differentiate its external morphology.

Author: MARTINEZ MARTINEZ MARIA DE LOS LLANOS.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: Ultrasound is a technique widely used for evaluating injuries tendons in horses. The criteria used ultrasound to examine more injuries in the tendons and ligaments are the size (area) and the echogenicity of them. However, in order to apply them in the equine clinic, previously should know their normal values. In this respect, there have been several studies on different breeds of horses such as ISPs (Pure Blood English) and Trotón American, however there has been no study on the area and echogenicity of the flexor tendons and ligaments in the area metacarpiana of Pure Breed Spanish (PRE). The objective of this work is to determine the area and echogenicity of the flexor tendons and ligaments in the area of the metacarpus, and determine if it has any effect on age, sex, tip and the area cut ecografiar on these parameters in the PRE horse. In this study we used 20 horses with ERP letter origin, aged between 2 and 25 years (10 males and 10 females). All animals were clinically healthy. Prior to ultrasound examination was performed a clinical examination of lameness including inspection and palpation of the regions carpiana and metacarpiana. Only those animals without a limp, and pain on palpation were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups according to the same age, group 1: between 2 and 5 years, group 2: between 6 and 16 years, and group 3: over 16 years. All horses were in a period of work. Ultrasound examination was carried out with a probe sectoral 7.5 MHz with pad incorporated. To facilitate interpretation of the sonogramas were conducted various cross, alienated from each other 5 cm from the accessory carpal bone and called from the proximal to distal 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B. Once performed ultrasound scans and videotaped interviews, the images were scanned and the area was obtained and echogenicity of tendonnes flexor digital surface (SDS), deep digital flexor (FDP), accessory ligament (LA) and ligament suspensor (LS) using the system MIP-Microm Image Processing (Microm Spain), based on the system IMCO 10 (Kontron Bildanalyse, Germany). The values obtained area and echogenicity were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). When the ANOVA revealed a significant effect, the values were compared using the Bonferroni test, considering significant differences at p <0.05. The tendon ecogénico more and larger area was the LS and less ecogénico and smaller area was the SDS. The decreased echogenicity of the area proximal to the distal in the SDS. There were no significant differences between the echogenicity of the different tendons and ligaments between the right and left limb. The age of significantly influenced both by the values of the area and the echogenicity in each tendon and ligament. However, there were no differences between males and females in either the echogenicity nor the values of the area. If we find significant differences between the right and left limb in terms of the values of the area being right larger than left. In this work, we can conclude that age and metacarpus area where the examination is performed have an effect both on the echogenicity in the area. While only the tip influence on the values of the area.

Author: BENET IRANZO FRANCISCO.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: BE CONDUCTED 108 INVESTIGATIONS OF TAC MANDIBULAR TO WOMEN SANAS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREE OF DESDENTACIÓN, BETWEEN 22 AND 93 YEARS IN THE SAME CENTER RADIOLÓGICO AND SAME PARAMETERS OF DEVICE FOR TAC. BE CONDUCTED MEASUREMENTS OF BONE DENSITY WITH THE PROGRAM PLANNING IMPLANTOLÓGICA SIM / PLANT OF BONE CORTICAL VESTIBULAR, BONE CORTICAL LINGUAL AND BONE TRABECULAR IN THREE LOCATIONS MANDIBULAR, ONLINE MEDIA AND RIGHT AND LEFT, DISTAL TO FORAMEN MENTONIANO. ESTUDIADO HAS BEEN THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MINERAL DENSITY OF THREE CAPAS OF BONE MANDIBULAR WITH THE PASSAGE OF TIME TO GROUPING OF PATIENTS BY DÉCADAS AGE, THE AGRUPARLAS AS STATE HORMONAL AND BY THE PRESENCE OR LACK OF TOOTH. CONCLUSIONS: 1 .- THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MINERAL DENSITY BONE MANDIBULAR STILL DIFFERENT PATTERNS IN THE AREA WITH THE PAST AND POST TIME 2-STEP IN THE AREA THE PAST BONE CORTICAL LINGUAL IS LARGEST IN THE VALUES THAT THE AGES TEMPRANAS BONE CORTICAL VESTIBULAR , IGUALÁNDOSE IN THE AGES INTERMEDIATE AND CHILDREN IN THE LATE 3 .- AGES IN THE AREA PAST MANDIBULAR THE BONE TRABECULAR INCREASES ITS MINERAL DENSITY OF STEP WITH THE TIME 4 .- IN THE AREA LATER MANDIBULAR THE BONE CORTICAL LINGUAL SIEMPRES IS BIGGER CONTERINDO MINERAL THE BONE CORTICAL VESTIBULAR 5 .- WITH THE LACK OF TOOTH INCREASES THE VALUES MEANS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY FOR BONE TRABECULAR IN THE AREA PAST MANDIBULAR 6 .- FOR BONE TRABECULAR THERE DIFFERENCES ESTADÍSTICAMENTE SIGNIFICANT AREA BETWEEN THE PAST AND THE AREA OF POST THE MANDÍBULA FROM THE 50 YEARS 7 .- SECURITIES IN UNITS HOUNSFIELD FOR BONE TYPE I AND II TYPE AS BONE SCREENING OF LEKHOLM And ZARB NOT CORRESPONDEN IF STUDYING INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL CAPAS OF BONE MANDIBULAR