UROLOGY

Author: HERRANZ FERNANDEZ LUIS MIGUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Cadmium is a toxic testicular, and zinc protects the testis of this harmful action of cadmium. There are multiple work studying these actions administer these metals by multiple pathways and different doses, but there is no work to study these effects under one administration and some doses similar to the non-occupational exposure is the man for these metals. This paper analyzes the effect of cadmium and possible protective effect of zinc in the germinal epithelium of rats. It caught 57 rats of which 30 were slaughtered to 6 months and 27 to 12 months from the baseline. The 30 rats of 6 months were divided into 10 checks, 10 rats exposed to cadmium in drinking water at 80 parts per million (ppm) and the other 10 rats were exposed to cadmium in drinking water at 80 ppm and zinc 95 ppm. Las 27 ratas de 12 meses fueron separadas en 9 controles, 9 ratas expuestas a cadmio en el agua de bebida a 80 ppm, y 9 ratas expuestas a cadmio a 80 ppm y zinc a 95 ppm en el agua de bebida. To see the effect of these metals in the germinal epithelium, were studied in the testes of rats, the rate of these cell proliferation (LiPCNAG), and cellular volume fraction of absolute volume of inmunorreactividad for caspase 3 (VVCSPASA; VCSPASA) to study apoptosis and the index of expression nuclear ubiquitina (LiUB). These studies were carried out by immunostaining. Also, in these testes were analyzed using techniques estereológicas the total cell density and cell lineage of each of the seminiferous epithelium, the total number of cells per testis each cell lineage and the volume fraction and the total volume of the tube seminiferous (VvTS; VTub ). The results were that cadmium causes an increase of ídice of cell proliferation at the start of treatment (6 months) and at 12 months, a drop of it. This effect is not altered by treatment with zinc. It is also noted as cadmium produces an increase in the rate of ubiquitina expression and cell death, which increases do not occur if we manage zinc. Therefore, it looks as cadmium causes an increase in cell death, a process that must involve the ubiquitina and zinc protects this cell death. The study estereológico obtained the cells more frequent in the germinal epithelium of the rat testicular are espermátides and less abundant Sertoli cells; are not differences between different groups of rats. It is also noted that in rats and the controls treated with cadmium zinc occurs over a decline in the volume fraction of the tube seminiferous to twelve months. Relegation that do not occur in only treated with cadmium. El cadmio evita este descenso de la fracción de volumen del tubo seminífero, probablemente al producir una alteración en la barrera hematotesticular que permite el paso de fluidos desde el intersticio a la luz tubular; el zinc inhibe este efecto del cadmio. Therefore, cadmium in drinking water at low doses does not produce morphological alterations in the rat testis, but it produces alterations in cellular metabolism of the germinal epithelium, which are offset by changes zinc almost in its entirety.

Author: PUERTAS RUIZ MARIA DE LA O.
Year: 2005.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MIGUEL HERNANDEZ.
Place of preparation: UNIVESIDAD MIGUEL HERNANDEZ.

Summary: The urinary incontinence in women is a very common problem, whose diagnosis is made by physical examination and anamnesis, often complemented with a conventional exploration urodynamics. Since exploration urodynamics conventional presents certain limitations, secondary to performance, which determines inaccurate or erroneous diagnoses in a 20-25% of cases, in the sixties was introduced urodynamics ambulatory with the aim of improving the accuracy of diagnosis urodynamic explorations in the study of urinary incontinence. This work is carried out a study cuas-experimental to check the validity of the diagnostic outpatient urodynamics. The study population are 95 women with urinary incontinence clinic. In all patients was conducted at an early stage, clinical history, physical examination, Urinary daily, with urological ultrasound measurement of residual postmiccional and urocultivo. In a second phase, all patients were studied with urodynamics and then by conventional outpatient urodynamics. Altogether complete the study 73 women. The results against two, taking as reference the clinical assessment is that the conventional urodynamic diagnosis has an accuracy of 850.6% compared to the urodynamics ambulatory which is 84%. The diagnostic sensitivity of the ambulatory urodynamics was 91.9% vs.. 54.8% for urodynamics conventional and specificity of 72.7% compared to 22.2%. In this study, therefore, demonstrates the superiority of the urodynamics outpatient diagnostic face of conventional urodynamics, with urinary incontinence emergency, followed by urinary incontinence, the type of incontinence in which more stresses accuracy the outpatient diagnostic urodynamics.