NUTRITION SCIENCE

Author: TORO FERRÁNDEZ OLGA M..
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA UCM.

Summary: In order to contribute to the knowledge of the evolution of the nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa in the process of hospital and outpatient treatment, as well as to learn about the effects of yogurt in that period of time was conducted monitoring of patients with anorexia nervosa for twenty weeks after admission to hospital. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the nutritional regimen followed. A group of patients consumed yogurt during the first ten weeks from income and ten weeks later came to consume milk (AN-Y) and another group began the first ten weeks consuming milk and yogurt rose to consume in the ten weeks later ( AN-L). Both groups of patients were compared with two control groups of young people who followed the same pattern nutritional (CY and CL). We studied two groups of patients and the two groups of controls at five points: Week 1 (in patients coincides with the hospital), Week 6, week 10, week 16 and week 20. In each phase the nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric parameters, dietary, hematological and immune.

Author: APARICIO MERINERO SARA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: From a nutritional point of view, the elderly are a group of vulnerable people due to the psychosocial and physical changes associated with the aging process, as well as wing incidence of chronic diseases, many of which are, at least in part, conditioned by patterns alumentación followed a lifetime. Specifically osteoporosis, is one of the processes associated with the type of food must be understood as a situation in which increases the risk of fractures or peripheral crushing vetebrales, and therefore reduces the mobility and independence of millions of older people, increasing their morbidity and mortality. The present study has been carried out an assessment of the nutritional status of a colextivo elderly, a study by dietary, anthropometric, hematological and biochemical, as well as a densitomtría bone (chain, forearm and lumbar area) to study the relationship between status nutrition and bone mineral density. The results obtenidoa show that the elderly with a better position bone mass have a alumentación better as increased consumption of dairy products and protein, and relations calcium / phosphorus, calcium / protein and calcium / sodium are more satisfactory. Influence dietary more often it is found that between bone density in a better position in hierro.A level blood is noted that the elderly better off with hemoglobin, vitamin D and vitamin B12 have greater bone mineral density.

Author: URIETA GUIJARRO INÉS.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: In 1998, CIEMAT commissioned a nutritional survey to the Department of Nutrition, School of Pharmacy at the Universidad Complutense, with the objective of completing an evaluation of food consumption in different populations Spanish with / without nuclear plants coming allowing analyze differences and similarities among them, and assess potential risks of exposure to radionuclides Spanish. This survey collects data for the food and nutrient intake of adult residents of Biscay. The objectives were to assess the food intake of adults of Biscay and its alignment with the guidelines recommended, valuing the consumption of energy and nutrients, analyzing the differences depending on various factors and analyze the conditions that are conducive to have better eating habits and an intake energy and nutrient closer to the consejada. As reflected in the text, the focus of nutrition has changed substantially. Every time there is a tendency to more holistic considerations of the diet but not just with the idea of encouraging the consumption of a varied diet but also in the context of the general living habits. Currently it is to see the influence of lifestyle on health status. In the present study, the method has been applied for registration of food intake for three days, including a Sunday. To validate the results have been compared to the energy intake with energy expenditure of each individual desk. The data show high consumption of meat, fish and dairy products along with the recommendations to lower consumption of vegetables, fruits and cereals. The most marked difference between the recommendation and consumption occurs in the group of cereals. The consumption of alcoholic beverages is lower than that seen in other studies. As a result, diet ingested by both male and female is rich in protein and fat and deficient in carbohydrates. Moreover, the proportion of high acid grasosn saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid below the recommendations. With regard to the intake of vitamins, there are high intakes deficit as a percentage of individuals for folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin A and vitamin E. Except for the iron men and calcium intakes exist at risk of dificiencia of other minerals studied, namely iodine, zinc, magnesium and iron in women. Overall, the proportion of women who consume a diet with adequate health increases with age and although no definitive conclusions can get the results show higher percentages of women with proper diet among no-fumadoras and income in excess of 1500 Euros / month. With regard to men, are also seen higher percentages of individuals with proper diet among Non-smoking.

Author: OLIVERAS LÓPEZ MARÍA JESÚS.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE NUTRICIÓN Y BROMATOLOGÍA, FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE NUTRICIÓN Y BROMATOLGOÍA. FACULTAD DE FARMACIA. UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: There has been studying extra virgin olive oil with an appellation of origin following basically their quality, from the point of view of the benefits on the biological function, may have their antioxidants. To do so, the study found vitamin E and the Polyphenols assessing these antioxidants in the composition depending on the processing temperature of the oil, olive campaign and olive variety. In addition has been made the comparative study of the phenolic compounds in olive oils and different varieties of Spanish and Italian. Subsequently, it has assessed the impact that these compounds are antioxidants in the biological function as a result of normal daily intake and extra virgin olive oil, compared with the intake of sunflower oil. In this regard have been given doses of oil and time needed to raise the plasma levels of antioxidant hidroxitirosol; increasing the overall levels of antioxidants (antioxidant capacity of plasma and reduced Glutathione), the protective response against the oxidative stress in the tissues and also has studied the increase in the gene expression of protective enzymes compared with oxidative stress.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ PACHÓN MARÍA SOLEDAD.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [More theses of this university] [www.us.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: Wine is a food characteristic of the Mediterranean diet and has recently been linked consumption moderate and regulate the prevention and reduction of risk of cardiovascular disease. The fundamental difference between wine and other alcoholic beverages is the presence of phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant activity effective as vasodilators, anti-inflammatories and even anticancérigenos. We measured the antioxidant activity of the main phenolic compounds in wine, through trial ORAC (Absorbency of Oxygen Radicals), and have established relationships between the values obtained and the chemical structure of the compounds. It also showed antioxidant activity of metabolites of origin so that microbiological phenols originate in the body after consumption. These metabolites present, in general, an activity of the same order of magnitude as their precursors. Then, as a step back to analyze the effect of wine, HAVE BEEN established relations between the antioxidant activity of different types of samples (white, red and generous) and phenolic content and composition determined by IPT (Index Polyphenols Totals) SPE (Phase Extraction Solida) and CLAE (High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography). There is a linear correlation between TPS and the value ORAC for all wines. In red wines, flavanoles and antocianos constitute the maximum contribution to the value ORAC total. With regard to white wines and generous, there is a linear combination of phenolic compounds that explains the antioxidant of the samples activated to a greater extent than any particular compound. The production of wines that have greatest potential healthy is a challenge few industry Winemaking. We have studied the conditions of three frequent technological process in the development of wine. It has been obtained that the values ORAC and IPT white wines increase with the degree of press. Moreover, the optimal time macerating depends on the variety of orige of musts reds. In relation to the effect of the clarification and the type of clarifying, there has been no significant change in the results obtained. Moreover, the work has been completed to analyze the effect of wine consumption in the antioxidant capacity of plasma of human volunteers, in order to recommend its moderate consumption in the diet. Previous studies have been conducted to verify the adequacy of the methods of measurement: ORAC and FRAP (Power Antioxiante Reduction Férrico). The results indicate that there are significant differences between the antioxidant capacity of plasma obtained at times 0 and 30 minutes and 0 and 55 minutes of the intake of wine, bringing the increase up to 55 minutes. It has also established the contribution of uric acid in the values obtained FRAP, and the concentration of this compound must be taken into account in interpreting the results.

Author: CAPDEVILA MUÑOZ FRANCESCA.
Year: 2005.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [More theses of this university] [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE MEDICINA I CIÈNCIES DE LA SALUT.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE MEDICINA I CIÈNCIES DE LA SALUT.

Summary: Objectives: To describe what changes in energy intake, the energy density and volume food that occur in a healthy population, depending on age and sex, and to determine the relative role of energy density and volume in the food achieving energy intake necessary at every stage of life. It is also intended to see if the momentum that is established between these factors is comparable between two populations of genetic characteristics, different social and cultural rights, including children Reus (Spain), Guadalajara (Mexico). Materials and Methods: A project consists of three observational studies, and prospective cross. A) Study of the food and nutritional intake in a group of 120 children in the diversification of food (4 to 12 months). B) nutritional survey in a sample of the population Reus between 1 and 98 years. C) Comparison of dietary intake and nutritional a sample of Mexican children from 1 to 4 years with a sample of the population Reus of the same ages. In all three cases, from the data collected by reminders of 24 hours, was obtained intake average of the different food groups and measured values of daily energy intake (kcal / day) and macronutrients (g / day protein, fat and carbohydrates). We performed the calculation of food volume, the energy density of the diet, the percentage of the total energy contributed by the macronutrients, the intake of energy per kilogram of body weight and volume of food per kg of body weight. Results and conclusions: The energy intake, the volume of food and energy density of the diet increased progressively over the children until the end of puberty. At puberty begin to appear significant differences between sexes in the variables analyzed. During adulthood there is a significant trend

Author: Bujalance Martínez-Cañavate María del Carmen.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [More theses of this university] [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Farmacia.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Farmacia.

Summary: The probiotic microorganisms were identified in the year 2002 by the FAO / WHO as live microorganisms which, administered in an adequate amount exerts a beneficial effect for the host. To make this Doctoral Thesis, were isolated different strains of Lactobacillus genus from several commercial products. It proceeded to the correct identification of these strains using the API system 50CH and assessed the capacity to withstand the same acidic pH values (similar to those obtained in the stomach) and bile salts. We studied the ability of selected microorganisms to colonize the intestine of mice Balb / ca who were administered via intragástrica treatment consisting of 1 or more successive doses of an inoculum prepared in the probiotic milk.

Author: SERRANO AGULLÓ M. ASUNCIÓN.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMCIA.

Summary: Several scientific organizations have noted that the alterations in the diet have serious influence on health throughout life, the impact on some of chronic non-communicable diseases most important in today's society (cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, cancer, etc. .) (WHO, 2003). It is in this context, the meat industry is working to modify some components to detract from its nutritional profile and make their products more healthy - including functional foods. Due to recent scientific findings, has recommended the introduction of nuts (walnuts) in the daily diet (SENC, 2001, FDA, 2003). However, we can not persuade many people to consume nuts as such for a long period of time. Therefore, a good way to promote their consumption would be included in foods consumed as meat and its derivatives. The objective of this work has been to develop and veal steaks restructured with the addition of neux, modified qualitative and quantitative in bioactive components associated with cardiovascular risk. To this end, they have designed various types of restructured steaks with walnut, exploring its technological and sensory aspects, as well as its composition and stability in storage, compared to similar products. This thesis has been observed that the development of restructured steaks with walnut meat leads to products with appropriate sensory and physical-chemical properties, and incorporates biologically active components, improving the nutritional profile of the meat (arginine, fatty acids and alpha-linoleic linolenic, y-tocopherol, iron, magnesium, etc..), which may have potentially functional in disease prevention caridiovasculares. Each 100 g restructured (20% nut) contributes about 47% of the recommended daily amount of walnut by the FDA (2004).

Author: PEREA SÁNCHEZ JOSÉ MIGUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: Study of a group of young people from the Community of Madrid. We analyze body composition, body mass index (BMI) and their level of activity. Likewise, we studied the eating habits and nutritional status on the basis of sex, BMI, percentage of body fat and activity. In general the situation is better in young people with lower BMI, lower percentage of body fat and performing more activity.

Author: GARCIA ALONSO MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA [More theses of this university] [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO QUIMICA ANALITICA, NUTRICION Y BROMATOLOGIA.

Summary: First was just the isolation and purification by HPLC preparatory antocianos the majority of red wine, monoglucósidos of delphinidin, petunidina and malvidin, from which were synthesized their corresponding vitisinas A. The identities and purities of these pigments were confirmed by HPLC detection photodiodes and masses. It analyzed the antioxidant activity of antocianos most abundant red wine and its related vitisinas A. In this work, all antocianos analyzed were more antioxidant activity than their corresponding vitisinas A measure such as the ability to show these compounds to reduce ferric ion to ferrous ion (FRAP method) and capture the radicals ABTS. + (Method TEAC) , peroxilo (ORAC), superoxide and hydroxyl (spectrometry electron spin resonance). We studied the effect that these pigments present in the production of nitric oxide in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor? (TNF-?) In monocyte-macrophage cells in the collagen-induced platelet aggregation and secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) and cell adhesion molecules (intercellular, ICAM and vascular VCAM) in human endothelial cells (HUVEC). None of the antocianos and vitisinas A analyzed presented effect on the production of nitric oxide and platelet aggregation. If there was an increased production of TNF? In cells monocytes treated with these compounds. The antocianos showed greater biological activity on the cells HUVEC their corresponding vitisinas A, being able to inhibit the secretion of MCP-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, while the vitisinas Just significantly inhibited the secretion VCAM-1. A study of antocianos absorption and metabolism in humans after ingestion of a single dose of an extract of grape skin ink rich monoglucósidos of antocianos. It was subsequently evaluated the effect that this showed in the intake and antioxidant capacity in the production of MCP-1 in the plasma of volunteers. This study revealed that the absorption of these pigments is very low, in a period of 24 hours after ingestion are recovered in urine approximately 0.05 Â ± 0.1% of the ingested dose, this being a percentage of the amount the way ingested and how glucuronide conjugate acid. However, despite its low bioavailability was seen a slight increase in antioxidant activity and inhibition of MCP-1 in the plasma of volunteers after the consumption of the rich extract antocianos.

Author: ROMEO MARÍN JAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA - UCM.

Summary: We studied the influence of moderate consumption of beer (330 mL and 660 mL in women in men) on the nutritional and immune status in healthy adults. The following parameters were analyzed at the beginning of the study (p), after a month of alcohol withdrawal (b) and after a month of moderate consumption of beer (c): Dietitians (energy and nutrients and food groups), Antropométricos (height, weight, skin folds and perimeters), Hematologic (series red, white and platelets series), Biochemical (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, hepatitis enzymes, uric acid and urea, proteins and ferritin) and Immunologic (phagocytic capacity and oxidative neutrophil factors complement C3 and C4, determination of lymphocyte subpopulations, delayed hypersensitivity skin test, determination of cytokines and immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM). FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Moderate consumption of beer produced no significant changes in the intake of nutrients but appreciated an increase in the consumption of some vitamins such as D group B. We found no significant changes in weight or parameters antorpométricos (with the exception of folding bibipital in men), meaning that a moderate consumption of beer is not going to modify the parameters weight. Moderate consumption of beer has improved the plasma lipid profile, as it increased the levels of HDL cholesterol without changing triglyceride both women and men. There was a general enhancement of the inmunocompetencia both onespecífico (leukocyte oxidative capacity) and specific (humoral and cellular immunity), and these parameters could be seen as bionmarcadores of choice.

Author: MIJIMOLLE CUADRADO M. DEL CARMEN.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FARMACIA.

Summary: We have tried to meet some effects of preparations for lactanes fortified with LCPUFA and / or subjected to different treatments (powder or liquid) on certain aspects of growth, protein metabolism and inmunocompetencia in an experimental model. The study of protein metabolism has to be embroidered on liver, thymus and spleen and in the animal total, while evaluating the immune system also included the study of lymphoid organs described, the humoral immune response in immunocompetent cells and spleen, blood . For this purpose, we used five diets. * AIN - 923 modified diet (control group) * diet based infant formula is not fortified with LCPUFA (grupoNE) * diet based infant formula is enriched with LCPUFA (group E) * based diet is a powdered infant formula (group P) * is a diet based infant formula in liquid form (L group) were available 84 Wistar rats male weaning divided into nine groups. Group: 3 of 12 animals each, for the study of enrichment, 3 of 12 animals each, for the study of word processing and 2 of 6 animals each for the study of the fate of the protein. The experimentation period was 28 days. The day 23 of the experiment, half the animals in the first six groups were immunized with a cargo of SRBC (1.2 x 10 9 células/100 g rat), resulting then, two lots within each group: witness and stimulated. The groups were subjected to intake and administration of 13 C-Leucina. On 28 animals were slaughtered and proceeded to the relevant sampling, liver, spleen, thymus, blood and food.

Author: RODRIGUEZ GRANADOS MARIA TERESA.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [More theses of this university] [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: We conducted a descriptive study and survival in patients suffering from moderate plaque psoriasis and severe clinical forms and guttate, treated with topical modality bath PUVA. Altogether have been 230 treatments. Over the course of six years (1994-2000), patients are treated with modifications to the protocol in the light of two key factors in this mode as: determining whether or not the test cutaneous phototoxicity, phototoxic minimum dose (DFM), and two various concentrations of 8-metoxipsoraleno (8-MOP): 3.75 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L. Discrepancies exist in our therapeutic procedure (DFM and concentration), are consistent with those observed at the time and which are published both by experts in phototherapy, for specialized groups. The variations of these two parameters have been a focus of interest in recent years because they are crucial in developing a proper protocol that will result in an increase in therapeutic efficacy. With regard to the therapeutic response we show as the sole risk factor among all the personal variables analyzed, the fact of having previously received oral PUVA therapy. Our results further note as patients with a lower initial dose depending on the DFM, on the other hand, are those who have a increased photosensitivity, get greater therapeutic efficacy with statistical significance (p = 0.04) and no supposed whatsoever that this patient group have more adverse reactions of erythema type phototoxic. We have seen a remarkable finding is that, patients treated with the highest concentration of 8-MOP (3.75 mg / L) with the test of cutaneous phototoxicity are the ones who get better therapeutic response. However, little happens in a manner similar to the group of patients who were receiving determines the DFM and the bathroom to the concentration of 0.5 mg / L. We find interesting and gratifying that the 50% of our patients have not relapsed in 7 months, similar to other outcomes with respect to this mode and that is not unlike other systemic therapies administered. Hence the importance of phototherapy units in the Service of Dermatology. Although no definite conclusions can be made, we want to place on record that there are three key variables that, in our study, significantly reduces the duration of remission and therefore pose a risk of relapse, as well: men, patients who have previously received oral PUVA therapy, and the group of patients who have not obtained the maximum therapeutic response during treatment, defined by an absence of this injury (whitening) and a PASI value = 0; each unit will mean a greater 12% relapse.

Author: DÍAZ PRIETO LIGIA ESPERANZA.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: Overall objective of this study is to analyze the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the nutritional status and system activity neuroendocrino-inmunológico. Likewise, it seeks to differentiate the effects produced in a moderate consumption of beer by the antioxidants and other nutrients contained in the same genetic effects produced by alcohol per se. Animal experimentation was conducted in 40 male rats of the Wistar strain of 8 weeks of age. These animals (10 per group) were beheaded at 9:00 pm without anesthesia prior Immediately after slaughter was collected blood truncal heparinizada, where lymphocytes were isolated for its study and the serum was separated by centrifugation at 15 min.a 3000 rpm, which was stored at -20 ° C until analysis subsequently hormone adneohipofisarias (PRL, GH and ACTH) by specific radioimmunoassay. It was also extracted lymphoid organs to study in aseptic conditions and the isolation of lymphocytes proceeded to analyze the lymphocyte subpopulations. After the slaughter of animals, the heads were collected on dry ice and immediately stored at -80 ° C until processed and analyzed later amines biógenas and amino acids by HPLC. The results show that at the level of peripheral blood and lymphoid organs are not produced significant changes in the various lymphocyte subpopulations analyzed and the determination of amino acids and aninaas biógenas in median eminence, adenohipofisis and neurohipófisis show no significant changes in general terms. 1-It is shown that moderate consumption of both ethanol distilled fermented decreases as dietary intake without producing changes in the evolution of growth, and increased weight of the experimental animals. 2-It shows that chronic consumption of moderate amounts does not produce or alterations Weighted percentages of cell subpopulations analyzed lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen and boards of Peyer). 3 - The ability of the MNCs phagocytic peripheral blood tends to rise after alcohol fermented. 4 - The circulating levels of ACTCH and GH are not changed by the moderate consumption of alcohol, however, plasma PRL, we see a decrease in ethanol and a trend in the same direction with beer, indicating that the effects of alcohol are dependent on the type of drink and parameter analyzed. 5 - Moderate consumption of alcohol nor altered concentrations of neurotransmitters analyzed involved in the mechanisms regulating hormones studied. 6-Although it has not been possible to conclude that consumption of alcohol modeling revenue at nutritional or endocrino-inmunológico, nor generate effects deléteros. 7-Overall, the results of this thesis suggests that moderate consumption of beer does not produce changes in regulation of the body, perhaps due to the presence of antioxidants in it. However, the results distilled alcohol and non-alcoholic beer per se, which opens up new perspectives for the study of moderate consumption of alcohol.

Author: EASTMAN ROMAY INDIRA PAOLA.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA UCM.

Summary: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Spain, reaches epidemic proportions and is a known fact that the incidence of diabetes increases with age. The increased frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly, can be seen favored by changes in eating habits, so the object of this work has been to conduct a nutritional assessment of a group of institutionalized elderly four residences belonging to the Commonwealth of Madrid, to discuss the possible relationship between the state nutriconal and suffering from diabetes. The sample consisted of 183 elderly people (120 women and 63 men), of whom 50 were diabetics. For the study have been used anthropometric indicators, dietary, hematological and biochemical. Also, it has divided the population in terms of death (two years after the end of the study) and fasting blood glucose greater than 100 mg / dL or lower (to differentiate the elderly with better glycemic control of the rest).