NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES

Author: APARICIO VIZUETE ARÁNZAZU.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: DEPTO. DE NUTRICIÓN Y BROMATOLOGÍA I (NUTRICIÓN).

Summary: Nutrition plays an essential role in maintaining functional ability, cognitive and affective, especially at the end of life, so that the objective of this work has been to conduct a nutritional assessment of a group of elders in institutions of the Community of Madrid , as well as the possible relationship between the nutritional status of those with motor function, mental and emotional. The sample consisted of a 183 people, 63 males and 120 women, whose average age was 82.3 years. By using anthropometric indicators, dietary, hematologic, biochemical, as well as a battery of different tests to study capabilities, the results indicate that older people with a faculty physical, mental and emotional without damaging submitted an intake and contribution to the IR most appropriate for certain vitamins and minerals (riboflavin and folic acid, iron and magnesium), and some powerful antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin C and E and beta-carotene), demonstrating the existence of a relationship between nutritional status and different aspects that can affect the quality of life of older people. The results raise important questions about diet in those institutions that health authorities should take into account.

Author: MARIN MUELA MARIA DEL PILAR.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DE VALENCIA (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION HOSPITAL LA FE).

Summary: Vitamin A deficiency is a serious and common nutritional disorder, which affects clinically more than 5 million people a year, mostly children. It is common cause of infant death in developing countries where it is estimated that more than one million children die each year from causes related to this deficiency. Not only the developing countries are target of this deficiency, but in developed countries it is estimated that more than 20% of the population does not meet the recommended intake levels, introducing liver and plasma levels of this vitamin lower than normal. This situation can be aggravated by the tendency to reduce the intake of fat in the diet, as well as with the rogue regimes of weight loss. The retinoids can regulate the expression of different proteins specific to the extracellular matrix. Changes in these proteins could alter the composition and function of the basal membranes, which are highly specialized form of extracellular matrix. In this paper we study the effects of vitamin A deficiency, caused by deprivation of this vitamin in the diet, on the basement membrane cause kidney during the period of growth. To carry out male rats use of race Wistar, which were closed, in the diet of vitamin A from birth to 50 days old. After that time, a study of the ultrastructure of the renal basement membrane through electron microscopy, followed by a quantification of total IV collagen, the main protein component of the basement membrane, as well as the six chains to do constitute, by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. It was further quantified metaloproteasas MMP2 and MMP9, analyzing its proteolytic activity, and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Next were evaluated several markers of inflammation, particularly TNF, IL-1Ã and measured the activity mieloperoxidasa. It was also performed RT-PCR semicuantitativas to determine the messenger RNAs of the six chains a. The renal basement membrane showed irregular increase in its thickness, which was particularly important in the tubular basement membrane. The total content of collagen IV was increased, but there was a differential for each of the strings (IV). Thus, the content for a1 (IV) a4 (IV) a5 (IV) and a6 (IV) increased, while those of a2 (IV) and a3 (IV) decreased. The levels of mRNA for each chain changed in parallel with those of the corresponding protein. MMP2 and MMP9 decreased its content and activity, while TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 showed no change. The analysis of markers of inflammation ruled out the presence of an acute inflammatory process acting on the kidneys of animals deficient in vitamin A. Our data suggest that vitamin A deficiency causes alterations in basement membrane kidney, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in its composition in terms of collagen IV. These changes can be a factor predisponga or renal dysfunction occurs.

Author: AVILÉS CONESA MANUEL ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA. UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA.

Summary: STUDY IN 164 STUDENTS TEEN OF 13 TO 18 YEARS OF AN INSTITUTE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION OF THE REGION OF MURCIA CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ON PROPOSED BY AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM, AND THEY ARE PROGRAM PATH: INHERITANCE, HÁBITO TABÁQUICO, OBESITY, ARTERIAL HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, DIABETES , COLESTEROLEMIA, SEDENTARISMO AND STRESS. OBJECTIVES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED GENERAL: 1Â º. STUDY THE INCIDENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN A SHOW OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ANTROPOMETRÍA, FOOD HABITS AND OTHER LIFESTYLES. 2 Â °. VALORAR THE NEED TO IMPLEMENT AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR THE PROMOTION OF HEALTH TO ALLOW ENHANCE KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY HABITS OF LIFE, DIRIGIDOS ESPECIALLY TO IMPROVE THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND REDUCE THE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN TEENAGERS. 3 Â °. VALORAR EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PATH OF INTERVENTION PROGRAM (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & TEENAGE HEALTH) PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH IN TEENAGERS IN THE MODIFICATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK. AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AGENDA FOR INTERVENTION DURING A PERIOD OF THREE MONTHS REACHES TO THE FOLLOWING ARE FINAL CONCLUSION: SAMPLE SOME OF PRESENTS STUDY HABITS OF OWN FOOD AWAY FROM THE DIET MEDITERÁNEA, AS WELL AS CERTAIN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS SUCH AS, HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL , TRUE STATE OF OBESITY AND SEDENTARISMO. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM HAS AN IMPROVEMENT OF THE ALLEGED PHYSICAL FORM GENERAL OF A FURTHER INCREASE THE KNOWLEDGE OF GENERALIZED REFERRED TO HEALTHY FOOD, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF HEART DISEASE TO BE ACCOMPANIED diminishing AN IMPORTANT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK OF TOTAL. CHANGES ACHIEVED IN THE VALUES OF THE ARTERIAL PRESSURE ARE VITAL IMPORTANCE IN THE STUDY POPULATION, BEARING IN MIND THAT THESE VALUES WERE INICIALMENTE THAN THOSE OF OTHER PEOPLE OF THE SAME AGE. THEREFORE, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROGRAM SHOULD GENERALIZARSE IN OUR SCHOOL CENTERS OF WHETHER AS PRIMARY SECONDARY OF THE REGION, EVEN IN THE NATIONAL AND COULD BE INTEGRATED INTO THE SUBJECT OF OWN PHYSICAL EDUCATION.