NUTRITION DISEASES

Author: SAENZ HERRERO MARGARITA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: MEDICINA.

Summary: Only in 5% of cases are found obesity causes especícas. The eating disorders and food abnormal behaviors are common in patients with morbid obesity and altering the image corporal.La morbidly obese population is a population at risk, needs assessment, diagnosis and treatment in many cases. The objectives of this thesis is to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disease in patients with morbid obesity who are going to be subjected to bariatric surgery in order to lose weight and factors that may be related to know whether there was disruption of eating behavior and image body and evaluate repercursión of bariatric surgery on psiconeurología, eating behavior and body image and analyze the clinical factors and psychosocial changes associated with weight loss.

Author: ZIMMO ZIMMO SAMEH.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.

Summary: Objective: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (FRCV) in children and adolescents Galician studied in the year 1991 in terms of percentile (P) of body mass index (BMI) as the standard values of Galicia (study Galinut) the relative risk (OR) for obesity have FRCV and evolution of the prevalence of obesity in school Galicia between 1991 and 2001. Materials and Methods: The study was observational cross, are divided study subjects in 3 samples: 1 .- A sample: 7519 children and adolescents from 5 to 19 years (1991), 2-sample B: A subsample of: 1923 children and adolescents from 5 to 19 years with all FRCV measured sample and 3-C: 2286 schoolchildren in Galicia from 10 to 12 years (2001). It felt like FRCV: Total cholesterol greater than or = 200 mg / dl, Lipoprotein density LDL-c largest low or = 130 mg / dl, Triglycerides (Tg) higher or = 130 mg / dl, high-density Lipoprotein lower HDL-c 35 mg / dl, systolic blood pressure (TAS) = P95 or higher or diastolic blood pressure (TAD) or greater = P95 AND Glucemia greater or = P97.5 according to the reference values of the study Galinut. It is considered that subject obese with a BMI greater or = P95 based on studies of GALlNUT (1991), NHANES (USA) (2000), F. Orbegozo (1986), CoJe (2000) and enKid (1998-2000). Results: The prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren in Galicia increases so evident between 1991 and 2001, so that by the values of the NHANES studies and enKid triples and the study says Cole is multiplied by 4, the prevalence of FRVC increases according to the percentile of BMI in a non-linear but from P75 and more significantly from P95 (p less 0001), obesity poses greater OR that the overweight to take any FRCV there FRCV higher prevalence of overweight among children than among non-obese (BMI less P85), obesity poses OR 1.7 times to get 1 FRCV, 2.4 times higher risk of 2 FRCV and 7 times higher risk of 3 FRCV respect children are not obese. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity has increased so evident in the past decade, whether we as a reference studies nationally and internationally. Obesity poses 7 times more risk to take 3 FRCV regard to non-obese. Obesity is a public health crisis among children and adolescents in Galicia, why it is urgent to establish prevention and intervention strategies to prevent nutritional potential devastating consequences for health biopsychosocial, if these children continue to be obese in adult life.

Author: GUTIERREZ FERNANDEZ ARANTZA.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge of the regulation of appetite neurochemistry. It studied the effect of fluoxetine in obese Zucker rats. The control animals received by intraperitoneal injection of saline and treated animals were given fluoxetine hydrochloride (10mg/kg/por day) by the same route for 15 days. Chronic administration of fluoxetine resulted in a reduction of the weight gain, intake, the size adipocitario and fat, protein and water body. It led to changes in oxygen consumption muscle soleus or in the tissue brown interescapular nor modified the oxygen consumption of animal entirely. The staining immunocytochemistry showed that the treated animals showed a decrease of inmunomarcaje of NPY level unchanged paraventricular nucleus in the nucleus arched. No changes were observed in the number of cells orexinas A and B in any of the areas studied. Due to the effect hiperfágico exercising NPY in the paraventricular nucleus, these results suggest that NPY, but not orexinas, is involved in the effect anorexígeno of fluoxetine.

Author: GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ ABEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: OBJECTIVES Knowing in a clinical sample of obese eating habits, physical activity in leisure and psychological characteristics. Studying the infraestimación of intake. METHODOLOGY attended 90 patients between 18 and 60 years, with a BMI greater 25 kg/m2, who consulted for excess weight. We evaluated: 1-Diet: with a combination of a reminder intake of 24 hours and a record food 4 days. We considered infraestimadores those whose intake was less than 1.28 x basal metabolic rate. 2, - physical activity in leisure time: Test Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity. 3-Profile psychological questionnaires with The Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2) and The Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). RESULTS The daily intake was 2224.2 (877.3) kcal. 41.7 (8.7)% carbohydrates, 15.4 (2.8)% protein, 40.7 (8.7)% fat, 353.3 (158.8) mg cholesterol and 11, 5 (6.4) g fiber. The daily caloric expenditure attributable to the exercise in the free time was 204.3 (175.6) METs. The more obese scored highest on the scales of obsession with thinness and the social insecurity of EDI-2 and the somatisation phobic anxiety and the rate of overall severity of SCL-90-R. The 55.5% were infraestimadores. They reported a higher intake of protein and a lower percentage of carbohydrates, as well as consume less cereals, meats in general, sausage, sugar, baking products, snacks and fatty foods than non infraestimadores. Conclusions The diet of the sample was characterized by a high percentage contribution from fat, high in cholesterol and low in fiber. The level of exercise was optimal. There was a positive relationship between the degree of obesity and levels of psychopathology. The infraestimación was very common and selective.

Author: Soto Gonzalez Alfonso.
Year: 2005.
University: A CORUÑA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud.

Summary: The thesis presented raises three specific objectives, as a working hypothesis, in connection with the metabolic syndrome. The first objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of patients with overweight or obesity, served in the consultation Endocrinology and Nutrition General in a hospital in the health area from Port Talbot, using the four most current definitions of the syndrome metabolic; Third group of experts in the identification, evaluation and treatment of high cholesterol in adults, World Health Organization, European Group for the study of insulin resistance and International Diabetes Federation. The second objective of this study was to explore the relationship of metabolic syndrome with two possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of most prevalent; insulin resistance and inflammation, as well as the relationship between the two, as measured by the HOMA method and protein C ultra reactive and ferritin, respectively, and the third objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the data obtained from the analysis of body composition, especially the distribution of body fat, by the methods of anthropometry, impedanciometría bioeléctrica and X-ray absorptiometry, the metabolic syndrome and its correlation with the data obtained from the analysis of the regional body composition assessed by computed tomography. Each goal was structured, designed and developed along the thesis until answering each of the three goals.

Author: HERNANDEZ MORANTE JUAN JOSE.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Biología.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The objective of this project is to deepen the knowledge of one of the aspects involved in the molecular regulation of the accumulation of fat in various body regions. To this end, consider the sensitivity of the two regions adipocitos abdominal fat (omental and subcutaneous) to the action of hormones such as SDHEA or insulin, and the degree of expression of the gene coding for adponectina. All of this in order to explain the regional differences found in cellularity, metabolism and distribution of adipose tissue between individuals typically visceral and subcutaneous obesity. It will examine a sample of 20 individuals with obese body mass index (BMI) greater than 40, (10 women and 10 men) who are doing a) an impedance and anthropometric study to determine the rate and distribution of body fat b) Analysis of plasma different hormones related to obesity c) Growing human adipose tissue cells with or without hormonal stimuli d) by RT-PCR Analysis of the expression of adiponectina. According to our results, the percentage of fat was higher in women than in men, whereas the fat accumulation was similar, introducing both a distribution-type android. The lack of differences in the type of distribution is a result of excess fat own morbid obesity. The SDHEA relates so inverse to the percentage of fat and plasma lipids, suggesting that this hormone acts as a protective agent off the comorbidities associated with obesity. The composition of fatty acids is related to the development of metabolic syndrome. So polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and plasma linoleic fat appear to play a protective role. Moreover, the average weight of adipocitos are above normal, which is considered by the people as hypertrophic and hyperplastic. The lipolisis induced adrenergic agents differed between genders, being greater in the subcutaneous tissue of women. The SDHEA stimulates lipolisis in vitro. This effect is most evident in the visceral tissue in men and in the subcutaneous of women, which explains the effect antiobesidad of this hormone and its relation to the distribution of body fat. The expression of adiponectina is greater in the subcutaneous fat that the visceral. Insulin and SDHEA induce an overexpression of the gene adiponectina, specifically in the region visceral. We confirm the relationship between adiponectina and n-3 fatty acids, in addition, we have demonstrated for the first time the relationship between the expression of adiponectina and fatty acids, which would explain, at least in part, the beneficial effects of acids and monounsaturated the deleterious from saturated. Finally, the expression of adiponectina was correlated with the clinical characteristics of the individual, especially in subcutaneous fat.

Author: Salavert Larrosa Ariana.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Veterinaria.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Veterinaria y Centro de Biotecnología Animal y Terápia Génica.

Author: JORGE VIDAL VANESSA.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, which in recent years has increased interest in the prevention of these diseases, especially through changing eating habits, promocionándose consumption for healthy foods, including fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants. Among the plants is considered healthy tomato and its products, which are rich in antioxidants, mainly licopeno and phenolic compounds. These micronutrients are related to the prevention of CVD, by several mechanisms, including by increasing the total antioxidant capacity and lower the concentrations of various markers of cardiovascular risk such as homocysteine and cell adhesion molecules on the other hand, health authorities, recommend decreasing the consumption of saturated fatty acids, increasing the intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids to improve the lipid profile, decreasing the concentration of LDL and TG, both considered risk factors, and increasing the concentration of HDL, seen as protector of cardiovascular diseases. Planteándonos the assumption that the tomato presents a wide variety of antioxidants and beneficial bioactive compounds to prevent oxidative stress, and that n-3 fatty acids have a modulatory effect of lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, the objective of this Doctoral Thesis the effect was to evaluate the consumption of tomato juice enriched with n-3 on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease. It conducted a survey of intervention with a group of 18 volunteers healthy divided into two groups. The voluntary group problem ingested 500 mL daily tomato juice enriched with AGPI n-3, for 15 days, while the control group ingested tomato juice without enriching during the same period. After the intake problem in the group a significant increase in levels of HDL, while LDL and TG were not changed since it takes longer periods of time, to observe this effect of the fatty acids n 3. The total antioxidant activity in plasma using the method FRAP also increased following intake in the two groups. While no changes were observed in the marker of lipid peroxidation, as measured plasma concentrations of MDA. In the group problem at the end of the study showed a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of homocysteine, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. In the control group also showed a significant decrease in levels of VCAM-1, but this reduction is lower than seen in the problem. These results observed in the group problem, appear to be due to synergistic effect of antioxidants and n-3 fatty acids, so to decrease these cardiovascular risk factors, could be regarded as a health food and could recommend its intake for prevent the onset of CVD.