NUTRIENTS

Author: VALLE ÁVILA MARCOS DEL.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MADRID.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: In the process of obtaining tomato derivatives are produced large quantities of liquid and solid waste. As for solid waste generated should be treated or used thereby becoming useful products for the industry itself generates, which is not too common. The solid waste from the tomato industry depend on the type of derivative producido.Sin hand, in developing juice, pasta, tomato concentrate or powder, obtained a waste consisting of skins and seeds. In the industrial processing tomato for concentrate (80% of the tomatoes used in industry), the production performance may vary within a 95 and 98% of the initial quantity of processed tomatoes. To make an estimate, we believe an average return of 96%, which would represent about 4% of solid waste generated. After you review the problem and importance of solid waste tomato. The present research work intended to comply to the next goal. Consider the transformation of solid waste tomato in a sobproducto useful for incorporation into human food. To accomplish this goal it is necessary to fulfill its own set of specific objectives:-To find an effective procedure for drying to ensure that the product is stable and tomato know the chemical composition of the dried product. - Finding a valid method, economical and easy separation and packaging of fractions that are the product of tomato. Skins and seeds, as well as to know the chemical composition of both fractions. - Evaluate alternative methods of extraction and obtaining useful components from products and design and develop new foods using the product as an ingredient, or any part or component.

Author: SALA VILA ALEIX.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: DPTO.NUTRICIÓ I BROMATOLOGÍA.

Summary: Lipids have in recent years acquired a special significance in pediatric nutrition, not only by providing energy, but also as a source of compounds involved in the function body neonato.Son an example polyunsaturated fatty acids long chain (AGPI-CL ). Breastmilk contain small but significant amounts of AGPI-CL, such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic involved in the function of neural tissues and retinales.No however, infant formulas using lipid sources lacking these fatty acids, so if queieren obtain profiles of fatty acids identical to breast milk should be used sources presentaen high in AGPI-CL.En market there are different types of sources AGPI-CL, such as phospholipids egg (AGPI-CL as phospholipids), fish oils or synthetic oils by microalgae and mocrohongos (AGI-CL in the form of triglycerides). The chemical form in which AGPI-CL are vehiculados exerts a significant influence on you as the metabolic processes of digestion, adsorption and incorporation into lipoproteínas.Los results of studies comparing the bioavailability of the different sources made so far are inconclusive , which justifies conducting more clinical studies. The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of phospholipids egg as a source of AGPI-CL in term infants in comparison with other sources in the form of triglicéridos.Para It designed two trials involving administered in infants with different infant formulas iguel content AGPI-CL but with a different chemical formula. The main conclusion which emerges from the study experimetal is that the incorporation into circulating lipids is more influenced by the content of AGPI-CL received by the baby during the first few months of life by the chemical form in which they are vehiculados.

Author: MARÍN ARIAS LILLIAM IRENE.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: There has been a study in a group of 128 school children, 63 boys and 65 girls aged from 7 years to 9 years, with an average age of 8.3 + -0.7años, with the aim of studying the habits of breakfast and their influence on the adequacy of the diet. This has led to cabp an anthropometric study (weight, height, CMT, perímetron skull), diet (Registration food consumption and method Heavy Presica Individual 3 days), health and socio-economic. Results: Schoolchildren presented some anthropometric parameters normal. Being the preválencia of overweight of 15.6% Yla obesity of 3.1%. The total diet presents a profile caloric unbalanced, with greater input from fat and protein and less carbohydrate, observed that 92.2% of children consume more than 35% of energy from fat. Micronutrients that fail to cover at least 2 / 3 of Ingestas Recommended (ER) are vitamin D (73.4%), iodine (42.2%) and vitamin E (23.4%). Breakfast consists essentially of a glass of milk (99.2%) that is compounded cocoa (68%), accompanied by crackers (49.2%), cereal (44.5%) or white bread (43%). This first meal provides an average of 372.7 + -113.9kcal/día, with its average contribution to the energy expenditure of 16.9% and provides 17.9 + -5.2% of the calories' total ingested during the day, there is 71% of schoolchildren they consume less than 20% of the kcal per day at this meal. The time for breakfast is 13.8 + -5.9minutos, consumed more food as it devotes more time to make this meal, with repercussions well in a higher consumption of fruit and cereal rations The non-dietary factors that affect the way Pro quality breakfast are as follows: a higher level of education of parents (particularly the mother), being an only child, parents and non-smokers, who have normopeso school. In our study, consume a varied breakfast, which includes the May rnúmero of food groups, is the indicator of quality of the breakfast was associated with better adjustment of the diet and therefore a better nutritional balance of children. Therefore, it is important that children consume a breakfast varied as collateral for a meior contribution to the coverage of the IR.

Author: ATASI AL-HOUSSAMI MALDA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA (UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE).

Summary: Obesity has become a major problem in the Arab countries, including Syria. For this reason and as a contribution to the study of this process has been conducted thesis that this is de.conocer the influence of socio-economic and cultural factors, as well as the diet in the prevalence of obesity and body composition in a sample of 205 people (78 males and 127 females) in Damascus and suburbs, divided into four age groups (4-9,. from 10-15, 16-18 and 19-50 years). Therefore identifies three general types of parameters (socio-economic status, lifestyle, marital status, status subjective feeling of happiness, menopause, smoking, family history and physical activity, dietary (intake of energy and macronutrients and quality of life) , and anthropometric (weight, height, skin folds, circunfencias ences corporal). has also calculated the body mass index (CMT), the relationship waist circumference / R features classified circumference, body fat and fat-free mass. the association was analyzed statistical parameters dietary lifestyle, as well as socio-economic and cultural standpoints. with anthropometric measure to determine their influence on grades obésidad. were obtained the following results achieved by food groups higher nómero of individuals are cereals and cereal products, oils and fats, milk, fruit and meat and derivatives. influences in food consumption was also reflected in an increased intake of energy and macronutrients in men than in women. socioeconomic level high influences high consumption of olive oil, and meat derivatives and precooked in kids 4 to 18 years. these guys rate, weight and TnC decreases with decreasing socioeconomic level with diferen ~ ias significant in the smaller 4 at 9 years, whereas the high physical activity significantly affects a TMC lower in adults (19-50 years). smoking significantly influence a TMC and the lowest percentage of fat in adults. Having parents in obese adults obese significantly influence increased consumption of oils and fats. consumption of oils and fats pre sugars increased significantly with the degree of obesidad.Los individuals with a greater degree of obesity (TTT) consume more grain and dereivados, meat and derivatives.

Author: GONZÁLEZ PONS EULALIA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The trans-resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that is present in foods such as grapes, red wine and peanuts and who would have numerous beneficial effects attributed to health studies performed in vitro. The work done in this thesis has been directed to study the biological effects of trans in vivo. First has been evaluated toxicity and trans is presented as a compound free of side effects when administered to both male to female rats at a dose of 20 mg / kg for 90 days. This compound is absorbed by a gut-level dissemination process simpler and conjugated within the enterocyte leading to the glucuronide and sulfate trans. These conjugates are secreted into the gut lumen of the protein MRP2, protein family ABC is located at the apical membrane. This thesis has also conducted a study of the activity of trans on the male reproductive system. It has been seen as the administration during 90 days of trans to the dose of 20 mg / kg resulted in an increase in serum hormones testoreronas, FSH and LH, and also leads to an increase in sperm production, but these present a greater number of anomalies. This paper describes for the first time a new trans effect, as is the increased production of spermatozoa.

Author: TORREGROSA VERDÚ FRANCISCO.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: INST. AGROQUIMICA Y TECNOLOGIA ALIMENTOS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The overall objective of this study is to determine the content of vitamin C and carotenoids in fruits and derived products such as citrus juices and nectars obtained by conventional heat treatment and for a new non-thermal technology, Electrical Pulses High Intensity. To achieve this overall objective raised the following specific objectives: a) Characterization of the juice of the three varieties of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) from increased production in the Valencia region. B) Characterization of the juice of the three varieties of orange (Citrus sinensis) from increased production in the Valencia region. C) Characterization of orange juice and nectars marketed in Spain. D) Assessment of the influence on vitamin C and carotenoids (bioactive compounds) and heat treatment of Electrical Pulses High Intensity juice in a mixing naranja-zanahoria. E) estimate of the useful life of juice naranja-zanahoria pasteurized and processed by PEAI. With all this has been sort citrus grouped in oranges and mandarins and even predict the various varieties with a very high percentage of hits, starting with the parameters analyzed. It has compared the vitamin content and carotenoid profile of the different orange juices and nectars market, both between different method of processing and storage as between each brand over the other, because of the great variability of these parameters analyzed juices and noting some of the most common practices of the industries in processing them. It also made it possible to compare the processing of juice mixture naranja-zanahoria by heat treatment and Electrical Pulses High Intensity, noting the quality of both juice and treated their useful life. In addition, it has valued the development of bioactive compounds in the juice mixture naranja-zanahoria fresh stored -40Â ° C.

Author: AÑORVE MORGA JAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.

Summary: Considering the potential beneficial physiological effects associated with the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) on the cardiac muscle and movement (mainly for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis), thrombosis, hypertension, immune response, cancer of the breast, prostate and colon, development of the brain, retina and nervous system of the fetus. In the present study we have developed two methods of analysis that allows using minimal amounts of samples and reagents to obtain accurate results in the analysis of the fatty acids. One of them applied to samples from 10 microliters of milk and the other 100microlitros plasma using trifluoride bro and sulfuric acid respectively as reagents demetilación. It has also succeeded in obtaining a natural milk with a higher content of omega-3 fatty acids through supplementation of these in the diet of dairy cows. As a first step gives a milk with a high content of alpha-linolenic acid supplementation by granules flax. In another phase is obtained with high milk content of acid eicosapentoico (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) using an emulsion with saline liver oil bacalo as a source of the same stimulation and the closure of the esophageal leak as a possible physiological mechanism that it avoids the passage of the emulsion by the rumen and consistent mechanisms biohidrgenación. Also as a practical application and interest in the dairy industry are produced cheeses with designation of origin "Arzúa Ulloa" fortified conácidos grasos omega-3 and low-fat milk from the natural obtained from the cow sumplementadas with saline emulsion oil cod liver.

Author: MARTIN BAUTISTA ELENA CARMEN.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA. UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: REALIZO NUTRITION IS AN INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH DISLIPEMIA BETWEEN 25-65 YEARS FOR 6 MONTHS IN PREPARED LACTEO WITH OMEGA-3, VITAMINS AND ACID OLEIC. LATER IS DETERMINARON MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND MARKERS IN CONNECTION WITH THE METABOLISM OSEO.

Author: ARBONES MAINAR JOSÉ MIGUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: DPTO. BIOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR.

Author: GARCÍA DOMÍNGUEZ MANUEL ANDRÉS.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: MEDICINA.

Summary: In animals reared on intensively, lack of exercise and nutrition 'natural' causes a number of differences on other animals, specifically: a higher body weight and a higher level of plasma glucose and triglycerides. The levels of plasma homocysteine and vitamin E in plasma, liver and muscle of animals reared in mountain are more favorable than the other groups, because of the increased amount of grasses, tubers and acorns eaten. In general, groups of Iberian pigs reared loose in the field, exercising, and access to herbs, roots and in the case of the group of mountain, the acorn have a lipid profile and coagulativo better than those reared on intensively. During phases consumption Iberian pig there is a lowering of blood pressure, reached in the case of diastolic blood pressure levels statistically significant. The plasma profile lipídico changes shape more favorable during the consumption of Iberian pig raised on a mountain. The profile coagulativo in religious study is better in the stages of the animals that are raised on a mountain and extensive dela Similarly, the profile fibrinolitico turned more favorable when consumed pork Iberian mountain. Consumption of Iberian pigs not only originated not prejudicial changes in the profiles studied in our population, but those improvements, being more accentuated the positive changes in the consumer group of mountain Iberian pork, followed by the extension. So it does not seem justified to ban their consumption indiscriminately. In light of our results and agree with what is stated in the discussion of this work we believe that the Iberian pig, bred in dehesa part for all purposes of the so-called Mediterranean diet.

Author: MAESTRE LOPEZ MARIA ISABEL.
Year: 2006.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE BIOINGENIERIA.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE BIOINGENIERIA.

Summary: The type 2 diabetes is a disease multifactiorial in converging various determinants. Among these, excess nutrients calorinérgicos has been one of the factors studied. At first studies focused on glucose, but recently the development of type 2 diabetes has been seconded to the presence of high concentrations of fatty acids in circulation. Therefore it has been coined the term lipotoxicidad. It is known that over time there is a dysfunction in the pancreatic beta cell culminating in the death of this cell type. The molecular mechanisms that mediate this process are still unknown, but his characterization could help develop pharmacological strategies to delay the development of disease. Used a system for cultured cells, this thesis has deciphered some of the mechanisms that operate in this process. It has been seen that prolonged exposure of beta cells to high concentrations of fatty acids results in the induction of changes at mitochondrial loss of membrane potential, superoxide radical generation, release of cytochrome c and AIF and accumulation of the protein pro - apoptotic Bax. This triggers a process of programmed cell death characterized by the presence of aberrant cell cycles, condensation of the chromatin, the DNA fragmentation. Do not look participation in the path of the inducible nitric oxide synthase or ceramides, at least for the case of oleato. The process is preceded by the early activation of genes, such as c-fos and nur - 77, which may mediate apoptotic processes in various cell types. In conclusion, the persistent presence of high concentrations of fatty acids in the diet may exceed the adaptive response of the pancreatic beta cell and lead to their destruction by apoptotic processes, resulting in a lack of insulin and development of the diabetic condition.