NUTRITIONAL VALUE

Author: ARANDA RAMÍREZ CARLOS.
Year: 2003.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA. INSTITUCIÓN DE NUTRICIÓN Y TECNOLOGÍA DE ALIMENTOS.

Summary: It examines the impact of germination in different weather conditions and light on the chemical composition and nutritional value of protein, carbohydrates, magnesium and zinc from pea (Pisum sativum var esla.). It conducted seven experiments in which they used raw flour or subjected to various types of germination (2 days without light and electricity, 4 days with light or without light and 6 days with light or without light), the addition of a 4% olive oil as the sole source of food, according to the technical balance Thomas-Mitechell in Wistar rats newly weaned. Determined: A-diet: humidity, total nitrogen, nitrogen insoluble and soluble protein and non-protein, protease activity, starch galactósidos, sugars and soluble vitamins, magnesium and zinc, phosphate inositols, inhibitors tipsina. B-parameters and biological indices: intake, and weight changes, coefficients of efficiency in growth, feed conversion rate, index carbohydrates usable ratio digestibility, balance, proportion of retained as a function of absorbed for nitrogen, magnesium and zinc. Contained in minerals muscle, femur and plasma. After the results were recommended for use pea germination during short periods of 2 and 4 days in human and animal nutrition because this process greatly improves the palatabildiad and use of the nutritious carbohydrates for energy purposes favoring the deposit of protein and increasing the availability of zinc and magnesium. Moreover the predigestión of protein conducted by the germination process makes the vegetable germinada is especially useful in situations physiological or pathological requiring a protein intake of good quality and easy digestion.

Author: FARRAN CODINA ANDREU.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The food composition tables (TCA) are heITamientas essential to assess the food of individuals or populations with fInalidad to establish what their needs and, knowing this, plan your food. Normally, it is designed to produce a national level since each country has its peculiarities in terms of the food consumed. The TCA can be developed through three different methods: direct, indirect and combined. The first involves the planning and execution of a plan for sampling and analysis. The seglUldo, in the collection and counting of composition data already exist. The third is to implement the direct method for foods that have lUlmayor weight in the diet of the population and the indirect method for those who have lUlpeso lower. In Spain there are different ACTs published, but generally presented the following drawbacks: 1) They are based on old data. 2) The data sources are not well documented. 3) The components are not well documented. These problems limit the data reliability and comparability. These problems may be due to the fact that not enough has deepened in the desaITollo methods for compiling TCA. The main aim of the thesis was to develop and implement a working method for compiling data in a food composition database of food composition (BDCA) and generate from it lUlaTCA Spaniards for the nutritional analysis of food stocks and individuals. To achieve this goal are marked as follows secondary objectives: 1) DesaITollar yes to compile data composition; 2) DesaITollar lUlmétodo assessment data; 3) Designing lUla software application for the treatment of the information collected; 4) Finally, generate lUlaTCA without offering values unknown composition data for a maximum of components and food. The method used to compile the BDCA is indirect and desaITollo involved the design and development of an information system (IS). It consists of two subsystems: one file in which data were on paper, and another computer in which the data were in a database. We applied alglUlas of recommendations and proposed codes by INFOODS and EUROFOODS. Data collected from different sources were introduced in some forms which became a lUlidades and standard forms of expression and were evaluated according lUl scoring system designed específIcamente. Subsequently, the data are entered into the computer system where they were selected and / or additions to become part of the database for users. The estimated values were unknown following lUlprotocolo pre-establecido. Based on data from this database was developed lUlaTCA printed without values unknown. In addition, they were able to draw alglUlas important observations regarding the recommendations and EUROFOODS INFOODS. The SI developed allows a continuous updating of the database and complete documentation of all values.

Author: SANTAMARIA ORLEANS ALICIA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMÁCIA.

Summary: The introduction of complementary feeding presents significant differences depending on different factors, such as geographical area, the training of health care professionals responsible for monitoring the baby or socioeconomic level of the family. This paper aims to know the characteristics of the current food diversification in infants Spaniards, considering the duration of breast-feeding, age at introducing some of the foods most representative of a supplementary feeding, and the influence of different areas geographic and cultural rights on the introduction of food in the first year of life, as well as comparing the diversification of food for infants with the Spaniards in another sociodemographic characteristics different as Chile. Materials and methods. We have conducted 927 surveys retrospective mothers of Spanish children between 1 and 4 years and 416 mothers of children Chileans of the same features, investigating: 1. Sociodemographic data. 2. Information about breastfeeding and artificial feeding; 3. Information on the age of introduction of various foods in the diet infant, especially gluten and cow's milk. Statistical analysis; Test normalcy (Shapiro - Wilk), Chi2, Test Wilconson, and Spearman Rho, it was considered a standard of significanci of 95%. Results: The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infants Spaniards in the 2.5 + - 2.1 months and the lactanci maternal overall 3.8 +-4.0 months. In infants Chileans, these values are a 4.4 + - 2.2 months and 10.9 +-7.3 months, respectively. The age of introduction of supplementary feeding is 4.4 + -1.3 months in infants Spaniards and 5.0 + -1.7 months in infants Chileans. In Spain, cereals are the first food to be introduced into the diet of infants, followed by fruit or combination of fruit and cereal simultaneously. The gluten-free cereals are introduced to an average age of 4.8 + -1.4 months and with gluten to 7.5 +-1.8 months. In infants Chileans, diversification is more variety and it is common for the introduction of food of plant and animal origin is conducted simultaneously. The introduction of cereals in the diet usual there is no statistically significant differences between the gluten-free cereals and grains with gluten. The average age of introduction of cow's milk in infant Spanish is 14.6 +-4.4 months. About 65% of the sample Spanish introduced milks "junior" or growth in their food before moving on to cow's milk. The introduction of cow's milk in infant Chileans comes to 8.3 +-4.7 months and more than 90% used previously called junior milks. Conclusions: 1. A low percentage of infants Spaniards and Chileans followed WHO recommendations on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding; 2. The introduction of complementary foods, as well com age introduction delos different foods studied, responded to the guidance provided in each of the countries surveyed. 3. We need to emphasize those responsible for the care of infants about the importance of delaying the introduction of gluten and cow's milk in their food.

Author: PERÁN MESA GREGORIO.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: There has been a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of overweight, obesity and anemia on a school population of 500 adolescents with a wide range of ages (13-19 years), of whom 469 are Spaniards, 17 Moroccans and 14 Latinos. In women the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11.5% below the ladetectada in other studies, possibly due to the voluntary nature of it, and men 25.1% in line with what was published. The prevalence of enemia, determined by the hemoglobin in blood capillary, was 16.16% for females and 13.4% for males. Stresses the high incidence of anemia among the immigrant population the 32.3%, suggesting that this is a population at risk that must be properly valued and treated by specialists in Family and Community Medicine.