PHARMACODYNAMICS

Author: MARTINEZ SANCHO CONCEPCIÓN.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The objective of this work has been the development of a formulation of microspheres biodergradables of acyclovir for administration via intraocular, in a single dose to treat infections dela herpéticas and / or andavoidance the emergence of recidiva.Con this aim has been investigated the behavior "in vitro" of these systems microparticulares developed with PLAGUE low molecular weight and influence of the structure and composition of the same features on the release of the drug encapsulado.Las microspheres were obtained by the method of evaporation of the solvent after an emulsion O / A.Aunque effectiveness average encapsulation delas microspheres produced (properción 1:10 acyclovir: polymer) was more than 50%, the percentage of drug cadido during the first 14 days was hydrophilic and lipofílicos added to the external phase internal and emulsion, respectively. The best results were obtained with microspheres 1:2:10 (acyclovir: gelatin: polymer). order to optimize the design and reduce the number of microspheres to manage, we applied a design center rotational 2 stars considering variables such as acyclovir and gelatina.Los parameters studied condujerón some very favorable results pair formulation 2:2:10 (acyclovir: gelatin: polymer), a 40% decline in the number of microspheres to manage with respect to formulacióm1 : 2:10, which was the formulation selected for posteriors estudios.Dicha formulation was subjected to a dose of gamma radiation from 25kgy under special conditions. All tests demostrarón qu microspheres not suffer modification after sterilization being adequate to implement in an animal model.

Author: MERINO AREVALO MANUELA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: Studies have been conducted preformulación to know the influence, having the addition of surfactants and cyclodextrins different formulations sólidad of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are processes of dissolution in aqueous fluids quite heterogeneous. We have prepared binary systems fármco / cyclodextrin in lso which has been rated the degree of interaction obtained by thermal analysis techniques: calorimetry differential neighborhood termogravimetría.La diffraction X-ray data has provided very valuable, as has permitod know etado amorphous or crystalline systems, as well as its stability against temperature. The dissolution studies, carried out on a computer that meets the specifications set forth in the official codes (Royal Spanish Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia), show that the nature of the drug and that of surfactants incorporated in the midst of dissolution factors that determine the dissolution of fármaco.La presence ciclosextrinas rise complexes including, in some situations, "on the spot", which significantly improves the process of dissolution of the drugs included in the study.

Author: OSSÉTÉ GASSAKIT HIYOMAT.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD FARMACIA.

Summary: This memory Doctoral thesis is a comparative study on the quality of 11 formulations generic paracetamol from various countries such as Spain, France, El Salvador or Jordania.El research work includes the study of its characteristics farmacotécnicas based on the test described Uniformity in Pharmacopoeia including Mass, Content Uniformity, disintegration, Dimensions, Resistenncia the Divide, Friabilidad, speed and Dissolution Contained in 4-aminofenol well as a bioavailability study conducted in human volunteers.

Author: ALAMOS CARRIÓN AURELIO.
Year: 2004.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION The basis for measuring the quality of health care, are indicators of quality of care. The Spanish Sociology of Gynecology and Obstetrics, has identified 103 indicators of quality in the practice of this specialty. OBJECTIVES We raised objective assessment of compliance and the issue of four of these indicators of quality in routine clinical practice. Quality indicators are chosen to submit qualities as: having a simple operation, known, low-cost, highly effective and can prevent major problems with compliance. We chose; Screening for gestational diabetes; Early detection of Streptococcus Beta Hemolytic (EGB) in pregnant women: Study of anemia in pregnancy; Contribution prepregnancy of folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Se realiza un estudio de 525 historiales de las gestantes atendidas en tocología de zona durante el final del año 2001 y principio del 2002, estudiando tanto el cumplimiento de la realización del indicador, como los resultados analíticos particulares de cada uno. To indicator of folic acid have done a survey of 400 pregnant women received as to whether or not this vitamin prior to pregnancy, as well as other item on the matter. It has also conducted a study on the amount of folic acid in 175 women of childbearing age in our area. RESULTS Compliance with the first three indicators was successful beyond the top three more than 90% compliance. The fourth indicator on taking folic acid before pregnancy has been very low, 10% of pregnant women took it, despite the fact that in the survey to 20% of them knew the beneficial effect that might accrue to their children. A study was conducted in the area in search of the state of flatemia in women who were of childbearing age, which has gained an average of 4.59 ng / ml. That compared with the figures declared by the WHO are very low , so that this organization declares that figure between 3 and 5 ng / ml considered subcarenciales, with figures below 3 are Deficiency. CONCLUSIONS 1 - The quality indicator of screening for diabetes managerial, met properly. Extracting as a result of their assessment that it is necessary to strengthen the protocol monitoring by the medical area, in collaboration with specialist in endocrinology, women who have suffered from gestational diabetes, the risk of getting serious with time, type II diabetes . 2 - The quality indicator of the study of the vaginal and rectal maternal contamination by beta hemolytic streptococcus, is met properly. We want to stress that this sound performance is the result of the agreements that were made a few years ago in the service tocoginecología, with the service of bacteriology, which did reduce variability in clinical practice. 3 - The quality indicator of the study of prophylaxis of anemia during pregnancy, met properly. Conclusion: It is very important to the study of the reserve hémica before pregnancy, in consultation preconcepcionales and it is necessary to supplement with iron diet of the pregnant women, because of lower Hb., And ferritin as has been demonstrated that occurs, in spite of supplementation with iron. 4, - have found a quality indicator (Prevention of NTDs with folic acid below the standard, which in this case should be of 100%, makes it necessary to take the most appropriate actions for improvement, and in this case have already reflected throughout the study, actions to be based on information campaigns, and urging the relevant bodies, the convenience of folidicar has 8 riñas in 1a2 entire nation.

Author: JARQUE FUERTES Ma. JESUS.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: This paper explores Doctoral Thesis vascular responses induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in kidney autoperfundido in normotensive and hypertensive rats by L-NAME and characterize receptors and possible mechanisms of action involved in these responses. Similarly, we studied the relationship between the system serotonérgico and adrenergic neurotransmission in this territory. Through functional studies (using selective agonists and antagonists of types and subtypes of receptors serotonérgicos) has revealed that in normotensive rats, 5-HT induced vasoconstriction mainly mediated by activation of receptor 5-HT2C. Activation of these receptors produces an increase in the formation of angiotensin II. The increase in renal vascular tone with phenylephrine, makes evident shares serotonérgicas vasodilator local mediated by activation of receptor 5-HT1D and 5-HT1E / F, which involve the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the subsequent activation of guanylate cyclase. The model of hypertension by L-NAME, power vasoconstrictive responses of 5-HT and induces changes in the receptor subtype involved in this response, but in this case the receiver 5-HT2A primarily responsible for the renal vasoconstriction. Through molecular studies of Western Blotting, I was shown that renal tissue in normotensive and hypertensive rats by L-NAME are present recipients 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C and 5-HT7 and hypertension by L-NAME change significantly the expression of subtype 5-HT2A. Lastly, it has become clear that at normotensive rat renal mechanisms exist serotonérgicos inhibitors sympathetic neurotransmission related receptors 5-HT1D, whose activation involves an increase in the release of NO.

Author: GONZÁLEZ VERA JUAN ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: This dissertation dealt with the preparation of pseudopéptidos [CH (NC) NH] summarizes and analyzes its versatility. It has been divided into 2 parts: the first is devoted to obtaining 2,6-dioxopiperazinas espiránicas as intermediate synthesis and the second part describes the synthesis of derivatives tetraheterocíclo 1,2,4,5,10 b-hexahidropirrolo [1 ' , 2 ', 3': 1.9, a 9] imidazo [1,2-a] indole, studying reactivity and being evaluated as cytotoxic agents.

Author: RENDON CANTILLANO ANA LUCIA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA UCM.

Summary: In this work we have determined ribavirin plasma concentrations of a group of anti patients, co-infected with HIV and HCV, with the purpose of evaluating the usefulness of this determination in clinical practice. The concentration of ribavirin plasma was determined by making point and validated a method of extraction and quantification for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition brought the factors that determine plasma concentrations of ribavirin, as well as the causes of intra-and inter-individual variability in plasma levels of the drug. It has assessed the impact of concentrations of ribavirin in the efficacy and toxicity of treatment. A yes as possible interactions between pharmacological therapy antirretrovirial concomitant and levels of ribavirin.

Author: VALDESPINA MACAYA SURIÑE.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.

Summary: In this thesis albumin microspheres were developed with amphotericin B and compared their characteristics in vivo with a conventional design (similar to Fungizona). The microspheres are prepared by atomization and in the first part of the thesis through a design of experiments are optimized best conditions of the process to maximize performance. The best conditions are when the temperature output of the camera evaporation is high (100-105 ° C), a speed pumping low (3 ml / min) and the amount of human albumin used is 10%. The microsferas as well obtained are hidrodispersables and small size so that they can be given intravenous bolus. These microspheres and the dose of 2mg/kg carried out a pharmacokinetic study in mice that were also given the reference design (similar to Fungizona). Samples are taken at different times of plasma, kidney, liver and spleen and analyzed by HPLC concentrations. It is noted that the distribution in the body of animals varies with the formulation administered. When administered formulation of the quantity microspheres in plasma and kidney is significantly lower than the reference design. Concretize area under the concentration-time curve drops to 12.3% in plasma and a 8.7% increase in kidney while in the liver (approximately 6 times) and spleen (approximately 3 times). These differences may be due to an uptake of microspheres by System Reticulum Endotelial. This justifies a different distribution antifungal differently depending on the body where the infection is that one is concerned. Differences in distribution also explain the lower toxicity and acute renal found with the formulation of microspheres compared with the formulation of reference. Thus although the effectiveness for the treatment of candida experimental mouse has been between 3 and 5 times lower as can be used in doses up to 10 times the new wording is most effective. In conclusion the new formulation improves the benefit / risk ratio.