CARCINOGENESIS

Author: SEPÚLVEDA SÁNCHEZ JUAN MANUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.

Summary: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES oligodendrogliomas have recently acquired ownership in neuro-oncologia because of their response to chemotherapy. However, his diagnosis and graduation is subject to significant variability interoboservador. In this paper identifies the parameters clinical, histological and molecular predictors of survival are thus useful in the gradation of these tumors. Additionally determining the relationship between the expression of cilina A, which is high in these tumors, the protein pRb and expression of Ki-67. The mechanism by which oligodendrogliomas are quimiosensibles not yet been determined and it has been suggested that there is a defect in DNA repair in these tumors. In this paper determines the degree of expression of MGMT protein restorative DNA in these tumors and their correlation with survival when treated with radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 80 cases diagnosed as a tumor oligodendroglial in the section of Neuropathology "University Hospital on October 12." We reviewed their clinical and histological features radiological: immunohistochemical study for the construction of three tissue arrays ( "Tissue Microarrays"). By univariate study of survival, the method of Log-rank and developed a regression model to study multivariate Cox. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The age at the time of diagnosis, the collection of contrast in neuroimaging, the presence of more than 3 mitoses per 10 fields greatly increased and the percentage of astrocytes in the sample were independent factors predicting survival. It is possible to differentiate oligodendrogliomas of oligoastrocitomas when the percentage of astrocytes is less than 20%. Cases anaplastic differ by the presence of more than 3 mitoses per 10 fields large increase. The expression of ciclina Not correlates with the expression of pRb, but if the number of motisos and Ki-67 so that its overexpression seems secondary to the increase in cell replication. The expression of MGMT is very low in tumors oligodendrogliales but this change did not predict the response to radiation therapy.

Author: SAEZ RODRÍGUEZ CARMEN.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGICAS.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL CLÍNICO MADRID.

Summary: The working materials including paraffin tissues were obtained from 30 pieces of surgical lung carcinoma with pulmonary not microcítico from sick teaching hospital in Madrid. Also included 20 cytology from Planed bronchial patients without evidence of malignancy. The selection criteria was the presence of inflammatory cells and bronchial and track these patients for at least five years with no evidence of malignancy. We performed the microdisección of lymphocyte cell populations and cell tumor or peritumorales from tissues in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin - eosin. We also conducted the microdisección of bronchial and inflammatory cells from benign cytology were stained with the technique Pap. It was subsequently performed the extraction of DNA from cells microdiseccionadas and subsequent PCR (Reaction Polymerase Chain) of the microsatellite regions: 5q21 (D5S346), 3P14.3 (D3S1300), 9P21 (D9S157), and 17p (TP53). The analysis of the loss of heterocigosidad (LOH) was conducted in the sequencer automatic ABI-PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer from the house Applied Biosystemas with commercial software Genescan 2.1. The results were as follows: The tumor cells showed LOH in a 72% of cases informational 5q21 (CPA). 47% in 3p21 48% in 9p21 (p16) 33% 17p13 (p53) Of the 30 cases used allelic Gross deletions were found in tumor cells in 24 (80%) of them: 9 only affected one of the locus, 10 cases with Gross deletions in two chromosomal regions, 4 cases with three loci including one with LOH at all chromosomal regions analyzed. In analyzing the mucous peritrumoral of cells bronauiales adjacent to the tumor Gross deletions were found in a significant number of cases: 37.5% in 5q21 (APC) 32% in 3p21 27% in 9p21 (p16) 13% 17p13 ( p53) In delección allelic to affect the cells and bronchial synchronously to the tumor, the allele deleccionado was always the same. Microsatellite instability was rarely found in tumor cells: 3 cases 5q21 2 cases 3p21 1 case in 9p21 1 case 17p13 loss heterocigosidad or LOH in chromosomal regions 3p21, 9p21 5q21 and 17p13 is a common genetic event in carcinoma pulmonary not microcítico. It can detect the same delección allelic in tumor cells and bronchial peritumorales histologically normal, in a high percentage of cases. They studied Gross deletions are uncommon in normal bronchial mucosa with no evidence of lung malignancy. The study of allelic Gross deletions in 3p21, 9p21, 5q21 and 17p13 in morphologically normal bronchial cells tended a potential application in the characterization of patient groups with a high risk of malignant transformation.

Author: QUINTERO CABELLO ANA.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The cáncesr of superficial bladder, which includes stadiums Ta and T1 (TNM classification 2002) is the most frequent form of neoplaissa urotelial in this body, which represents approximately 80% of tumores.El main problem referred to this form focuses neoplastic at its high tendency to produce new neoplastic recurrence after surgical treatment of primary tumor. The hypothesis of this paper is that the artifacts found in the regulatory proteins of the cell cycle progression of phase G1 to S phase is a more promising genetic markers and their role prognosis of bladder cancer need clearly established. This Doctoral thesis was based on a retrospective study of 164 patients with bladder tumors on which studied the expression of markers positive cell cycle ciclina D1 and ciclina D3, modulators negative cell cycle p21Cip1, p27Kipp1, p53 and the index the cell proliferation measured by Ki-67.Los results in a descriptive study showed significant differences with regard to tumor size regard to the expression dela ciclina D3 and the rate of cell proliferation. This study demonstrated significantly existence of a higher expression of p53 in higher grade tumors. When relaizó analysis of recurrence-free survival. This analysis showed significant values as independent and even the expression of ciclina D1 and the rate of proliferation, which is in agreement with other studies found at litertura demonstrating greater expression of these marcaores in non-invasive bladder tumors. An analysis of overall survival cáncer-específica demonstrated as independent values for the expression of the ciclina D3, the index of cell proliferation and tumor size, rasultados very innovative so far not described by other studies so far. The alterations of the cycle regulatory proteins justify their potential use as therapeutic targets. Modulators of the family of ciclinas D as the flavopiridol could be an alternative therapy.

Author: MANRIQUE ESTRADA M. COVADONGA.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: DPTO. DE CIRUGÍA Y ESPECIALIDADES MÉDICO-QUIRÚRGICAS - UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO.

Author: ANTUNEZ PLAZA PATRICIA.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Background: There is growing interest in the protein Her-2 as a prognostic factor and as a therapeutic target in different types of cancer, including prostate carcinoma (COP), which postulated a role in progression to advanced stages, and in developing hormono-independencia. Materials and Methods: We studied 115 patients with CP treated with radical prostatectomy. Of these, 32% had received hormonal blockade (BH) prior to surgery. It analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of the protein Her-2 and the study of gene amplification using FISH. For this we use the technique of tissue arrays. Subsequently looking relations between the state of the protein and the gene, variable clinicopatológicas and the expression of other proteins, including Ki-67 and regulators of the cell cycle. Results and conclusions: The protein Her-2/neu expressed infrequently in PA untreated, but the BH induces expression of a significant (p = 0002). The expression of Her-2 in the PC relates to the Gleason score, but not with other variables clinicopatológicas with prognostic value or survival. It is therefore not an adequate protein assess tumor aggressiveness or clinical evolution of the disease. The COP expression Her-2 was significantly correlated with the expression of p21 and ciclina D3. The amplification of the gene Her-2/neu is unique in the PC, where the gains are due to gene tri or tetrasomías of chromosome 17. The presence of aneusomía of chromosome 17 in carcinoma of the prostate is associated with tumor grade. The COP with complex patterns of chromosome 17, including trisomías and tetrasomías show less response to BH, measured in terms of change involutional (p = 0038).

Author: Puig Borrell Isabel.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA.
Place of defense: Dep. de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Dep. de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Summary: The poor prognosis in a epithelial neoplasia is associated with the acquisition of mobile features and by invasive cancer cells. This transformation is called morphological transition epitelio-mesènquima (TEM). During this process, epithelial markers are negatively regulated, one of the most important is the protein accession E-cadherina. The transcription factor Snail represses the transcription of the E-cadherina through binding to some recognition sequences called caja-Ey located in the promoter of E-cadherina. In this work has been reviewed in more detail the changes induced by ectopic expression of Snail in epithelial cells. Cells expressing Snail presented with a phenotype stretched very few cell contacts. Other epithelial markers besides the E-cadherina are suppressed, as citoqueratina-18 and MUC1. The effects on the repressors of Snail transcription of MUC1 are mediated through two cajas-E in its proximal promoter. Snail also has the ability to induce the expression of mesenchymal markers typical as fibronectin, LEF1 and repressor transcriptional ZEB1. The overexpression of Snail in various cell lines leads to an increase in levels of mRNA ZEB1 and an increase in the activity of his promoter. It has also studied the regulation of the expression of Snail in the process of TEM. The Snail promoter is activated in those cell lines that have been induced to undergo a process of TEM. While other regions are necessary Snail promoter to get your complete stimulation Akt or ILK, the minimum promoter fragment called (-78 / +59) is sufficient to maintain the specific mesenchymal. The promoter activity and its minimum Snail mRNA levels depend on the ERK signaling. The transcription factor NFkB/p65 is also capable of stimulating the transcription of Snail through a region located immediately in front of the promoter least among the foundations -194 and -78. These results suggest that transcription of Snail is regulated by signaling pathways involved in the induction process TEM. Finally, it has examined the positive transcriptional regulatory action produced by WT1 in relation to the activity of repressor Snail on the promoter of E-cadherina. Snail has the ability to reduce the action of WT1 on activating the promoter of the E-cadherina, Snail also presents greater affinity WT1 by unir-se to the developer. We have shown that Snail and WT1 compete for unir-se the sponsor of the E-cadherina and regulate transcription. The expression of WT1 recovers the epithelial phenotype of MDCK cells transfected with a stable Snail. Therefore Snail and WT1 would transcription factors responsible for regulating the correct pattern of expression of E-cadherina, in turn regulating cellular phenotype.

Author: MARTÍN OLIVA FRANCISCO DAVID.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD MEDICINA.

Summary: The loss of function of the protein Nuclear PARP-1 (poly (ADP) ribose plimerasa-1) interferes with the process of chemical carcinogenesis, slowing tumor growth. This seha revealed using mice genetically deficient in PARP-1. These mice are less susceptible to the onset and development of skin tumors after treatment cuarcinogénesis chemical epithelial. This is due, in large part, that in the absence of PARP-1 there is a deficiency in the activation of transcription factors NFKB and AP-1, and therefore can not be expressed genes under its control, necessary for the tumor growth. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of the enzyme activity of PARP-1, also caused a temporary delay in the appearance of tumors, a decrease in the number of tumors developed and their average size. The trials of gene expression revealed that during tumor promotion skins parent mice show induction in a significant number of gense associated with tumor pathologies, processes of oxidative stress, immune response, inflammation and arigiogénesis that do not relate to what was observed in mice with the absence of PARP-1 or treated with the inhibitor of PARP. This is partly due to the inhivbición or delección genetics of PARP-1 is associated with changes in gene expression associated with tumor development. Therefore, inhibition dela enzymatic activity of PARP-1 may be useful in designing new therapies anti-neoplásicas both for its ability to prevent DNA repair processes during the classic treatment with chemotherapy and / or radiation, as represent an effective therapy to block the expression of key genes in the process of pormoción / tumor progression.

Author: BLANCAS LÓPEZ BARAJAS MARÍA ISABEL.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE MEDICINA. UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer without axillary lymph node involvement have a favorable prognosis, however we know that 30% of them fall. We assume that adverse developments in this subgroup of patients is determined by the accumulation of a series of unfavorable factors. We feel great clinical significance of the identification of these factors in order to know what probably presetnarán a patient relapsed neoplastic and therefore could benefit from the administration of systemic adjuvant therapy after surgery (chemotherapy and / or homonoterapia). We also believe interest determining the minimum number of nodes to sislar in linfadenextomía ensure that we are really a patient without axillary lymph node involvement. We studied 1606 patients with estdios pT1, pT2, pT3 (exluyeron carcinomas in sitú and inflammatory) without affectation axillary after lymphadenectomy, pN0 (excluded those seles had conducted sentinel node), which is not preserntaran bilateral breast cancer or metastatic at diagnosis (M0) and had not received neoadjuvant therapy. The factors which are valued. Age at diagnosis of the patient, hormone status (pre-peri or postmenopausal), tumor size, histological grade, histologic type, receiving estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor overexpression Her-2 and overall survival specific to breast cancer. Were significant statistical studies III, the histologic type infiltrating ductal carcinoma, receivers progestarona negative and consideration of less than 4 nodes. With a worse overall survival, tumor size greater than 2 cm, receivers progestora negative and consideration of less than 4 nodes. We conclude that patients with previous prognostic factors advesrsos have a predictable worst developments which must be taken into account in clinical practice in order to administrales an adjuvant systemic treatment that dismuya their risk of relapse and increase survival. Examination of a number less than 4 lymph axillary has to be seen as a negative factor in that in some cases may relate to patients with impairment ganlionar not discovered.

Author: GUAITA ESTERUELAS SANDRA.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA.
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.

Summary: The transitional epithelium mesénquima (TEM) has been seen as a very important process in tumor progression. Delas A key protein in the regulation of this process is the repressor transcriptional Snail. Snail has been implicated in the decline of genes epithelial such as E-cadherina, MUC1 or vitamin D receptor during this TEM. It has been characterized mechanism repressión of Snail on these genes epithelial and there has been involvement of histone deacetilasas in the suppression mediated by Snail. In addition, Snail also has been implicated in the induction of several mesenchymal genes, such as LEF-1, Fibronectina and ZEB1. All these canvios level of gene regulation, also involve canvio in phenotype Cel.lular, which in the end would lead to an invasive process and immigration. We were interested to focus on the transcriptional regulation of ZEB1 we have cloned and characterized his promoter. We have shown that this promoter is regulated by the way D'ERK / MAPK. It also has been regulated by the way D'ERK / MAPK. It also has been covered by other genes important for TEM, as are the complex Beta-Catenina/TCF4, the transcription factor NFkB and the transcriptional activator TWIST. All this has made us raise a model of tumor invasion in the process focused on the induction of Snail, regulation of a downward the E-Cadherina I mesenchymal gene induction, as ZEB1.

Author: CAMPS POLO JORDI.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The genomic instability is defined as the ability of a cell to generate genetic alterations at a speed exceeding the rate mutacional baseline. As a result generates a high cellular heterogeneity. From middle of the nineties, colon cancer has been used as a model for the study of genomic instability in tumor cells. Colorectal tumors were divided into two groups depending on the type of genomic instability that arise. Thus, defining the group of tumors that show microsatellite instability with diploid karyotype, and the group of tumors with chromosomal instability, mostly with karyotypes polyploids. The objectives of this thesis were the molecular cytogenetic characterization of a set of cell lines of colon cancer, which includes cell lines with microsatellite instability and others with chromosomal instability (Camps et al., 2004, Oncol Rep). The use of cellular model of colon KM12 allowed cancer study of the evolution karyotype associated with the metastatic potential of liver tumor cells. Simultaneously, the model KM12 was used to establish the possible coexistence of both types of genomic instability, microsatellite and the chromosome, in tumor cells of the colon, where it had been predicted that they were independent and unique (Camps et al., 2004, Int J Cancer). The study of chromosomal instability involved quantifying the rate of generation of structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the cell line SW480 and five subclones obtained by dilution minimum (Camps et al., 2005, FASEB J). We used the test cell binucleadas and fluorescent in situ hybridization to analyze the phenomena of no-disyunción and loss anafásica, which generate aneuploidias in subsequent cell divisions. The same trial facilitated observing abnormal structures of the nucleus, or the presence of micronuclei, bridges nucleoplasmáticos and nuclear bumps, all indicative of structural chromosomal instability and genomic damage. In summary, we conclude that the cells SW480 belonging to the cell subclones had rates of numerical chromosomal instability similar to the parent cell line, while the rates of structural chromosomal instability increased by leaps and bounds in the subclones, emphasizing the importance of instability chromosomal structural during tumorigenesis. Finally, we used a total of thirty-one tumors of the colon to analyze the genomic differences and the patterns of expression between tumors that had microsatellite instability and tumors that had not. The use of comparative genomic hybridization on microchips and conventional cDNA allowed to describe genomic alterations in high precision and identify genes that might be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis (Camps et al., In press, Carcinogenesis). Some of the genes and associated proposed for the first time with colon cancer are RASA1 and ERF, and DPEP1, located in bands cytogenetic 5q13q21 and 16q24.3, respectively.

Author: PUERTOLAS HERNANDEZ TERESA DE JESUS.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA.

Summary: T _ OBJECTIVES: * Conduct a scratch descriptive fas carsceristicae epidemielógicas, cytologic to histológi s, of melanomas good prognosis (Breslow less than or equal 4 mm). and ciabas Bt DI and D3), in phase radial, vertical and deformaglobat, 2 .- PATIENTS AND METHODS; We included 126 patients between January 1991 and January 1998. The datas clinicoss ee collected from the clinical history. The determination gives fas caraeteristicas morphological was reatad from preparations histelagicas and analyze the characteristics inmunohistoquimicas were conducted bring tissus-arrays. It realiz a descriptive analysis ysaguidamente a snólisia d survival: univariate and muitlvariente 4 .- RESULTS, ESTAt ISTICA DESCRIPTIVE: Medium gives age 60 years (IP 5-91 years). Women 58%. Location more common: et4remidades lower (48.1%). Venue 1k49, 21%, IB: 25.4%. Median Breslaaa: 1.05 mrn (R: Q ,1-4 mm). Ulceration: 15 patients (12.5%). Regression (12.4%). Recayeron 22 patients (17.5%). Median time to relapse: 28 tables. Data updated tracking in 117 patients (92.85%), average follow-up 75.17 months (R :35-155) ANALYSIS IR PRONÓSTICOS FACTORS. Analysis unlvariante. Slgnrlcació.n ~ alca a) disease-free survival ($ LS): location, size, index Breslow, level gives Clark pattern histalógico, ulceration, said mitotic, regression phase arecirniento, overexpression of @ atenina vertical 111 -2 vertical clolina D1 radio kio & l vertical and the loss of expression of p-18 in a comprehensive manner b) Overall Survival (5G): sex, size, Indian Breslow, histological pattern, ulceration, regression, requested expression p-oatenina phase radial and you overexpression of ft-catenina under vertical and the loss of expression of p16 in phase radial c) Overall survival aspeefñca pair melanoma (SSG): sex, amañe; indicates mitótic>, regression, ? Expression of bowl phase vertical p loss gives expression stand Analysis multivadant = _. We 2 analysis, and the variables s gniYr policies: a) PFS: regression, pattern h: rológl and expression of Ki 87 b) GS: regression, ulceration, sex, and such a loss of expression of tiaatenina radial c) SGE: regression, size, Indian and mitotic loss of expression of p-16 CONCLUSIONS: Breslow, it ulceration, the growth phase, level Ciarle, location, type histológice, mitotic index and sex have been shown to be significant variables in the analysis univadante bC like him for survival qua in attracting serious. However, the mayar size of the melanoma and the witnesses have proved regression factors r cidiva and oreemo his speech deberla coneldararae. The analysis muitivariante pattern histológIco Nodular and acralantiginoso and the presence of regression was asolen with an increased risk of relapse, while the size of badly, the mitotic Indies and the regression associated with a worse survival specified by melanoma .. As for the analysis of lactares inmunahistaqufmicos: Phase radial determine a worse prognosis l'a loss of speech gives ilamtenina, gives increased expression of eiciine Df and loss of expression of p15. In Phase vertical poorer survival associate with the sobra-expresión of, t -- catenina, id-S7 and batel Indepeedientemente the growth phase, the pear that mark out a worse prognosis would be related to the overexpression of kiS7 and pórdlda of expression of p16.

Author: MUNIESA SORIANO JOSÉ ÁNGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Introduction: The cancer registry is a valuable tool epidemiological that help us to know the situation of cancer in a population, its incidence, distribution, trends, and also are a useful tool in planning for the health needs of an area . Materials and methods: Aragon (Spain) is divided into eight sectors Health. The Fields of Teruel is an area of 12,257 km2 and a population of 83,170 people (Census 2001, INE). The cancer registry General Hospital Bishop of Teruel Polanco, the only public hospital and the private sector, is population characteristics and began its activity in 1,994. Follow the recommendations made by the IARC (WHO) in the methodology of records and conducted in a computerized database and indexed. The coding of topographic and morphological tumors is performed with the CIE-O 2nd ed. And with upgrades to the 3rd ed. The extension of most tumors is performed with the TNM of CCM. For each patient collects more than 26 fields (items). The trend analysis has been done by simple linear regression, and regression Joinpoint. Results: Between 1,994 and 2,004 has increased the overall time trend cancer the 18'3% in men and 26'4% in women. The average incidence rate adjusted standardized to the world population has been 327'8 by 105 in men and 217'4 in women, with a sex ratio of 1.5 .1. The most common locations tumor in men were skin (non-melanoma), prostate, colorectal, lung and bladder, and in women have been skin (non-melanoma), breast, colorectal, body of the uterus and stomach. Discussion: The adjusted incidence rate of cancer in Teruel was of the highest in Spain. Major increases were detected during the study period, lymphoma and prostate cancers in men, breast and uterus in female body; and large intestine and skin melanoma in both sexes. By contrast, has been significant falls in the time trend of gastric cancer for both sexes, and lip and larynx to man. Zones of Health Sectors with the highest incidence of cancer are Villel and Teruel for men and Cedrillas, Villel, Teruel, and Mora Alfambra of Rubielos for women. It is imperative, therefore, greater preventive action cancer in the Health Sector of Teruel.

Author: LAMBEA SORROSAL JULIO JOSÉ.
Year: 2006.
University: ZARAGOZA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE LLEIDA / UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA.

Summary: Introduction. The tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) are membrane receptors that bind growth factors, mediators cellular differentiation signals. The union with the ligand leads to the phosphorylation and activation of second messengers to obtain a nuclear response. The process is regulated by the internalization in the endosome cell receptors and degradation proteasómica through the path of ubiquitinación. The protein tyrosine phosphatases of (PTPs) defosforilan the RTKs. In tumor cells there is an overexpression of RTKs and PTPs which makes them more aggressive. Primary Objectives / Scenario Work demonstrate overexpression of RTKs and PTPs in cell lines of renal cell carcinoma analyzing EGFR erbB2, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR-1, PDGFR-2, HGFR1, HGFR-2 (MET, Ron Beta), TAR-1, TIE-2, AXL, and LMW-PTP, PTP-lb, SH-PTP-l. Materials and Methods will use 5 cell lines murine renal cell carcinoma (SLR 20,21,22,24,25) in culture, facilitated by the Hillman Cancer Institute at the University of Pittsburgh, and a cell line with behavior similar to kidney tissue normal (HK). Through technical Western-Blot determine overexpression of various RTKs and PTPs. Results In all renal carcinoma cell lines studied noted overexpression of EGFR to an extent far greater than the rest of proteins. There is overexpression in all lines of VEGFR-2, Met and PTP-lb. In four cell lines overexpression of HER-2, Ron and LMW-PTP. In three lines Axl and SH-PTP. In two lines look overexpression of VEGFR-1. Conclusions In all renal carcinoma cell lines studied noted overexpression of EGFR, VEGFR-2, Met and PTP-lb. HER-2. Sobreexpresión Ron and LMW-PTP in four cell lines. Sobreexpresión in three lines of Axl and SH-PTP. Sobreexpresión in two lines VEGFR-1. The Western-Blot is a reliable, objective, easily reproducible and cost for the study of protein expression in tumor cells. Our results are consistent with expression of other studies published in journals and high impact in Oncology. The clinical practice should include, in some cases determining expression of these proteins to make individualized treatment. Proteins sobreexpresadas are potential therapeutic targets, sunitinib and sorafenib and have been active in renal carcinoma.

Author: COSTA RIBALTA CARLOTA.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: SERVICIO DE PATOLOGҍA DEL HOSPITAL DEL MAR.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL DEL MAR.

Summary: The cervical dysplasias and squamous cell carcinoma are diseases that affect a large percentage of the female population globally, especially in underdeveloped countries. It is believed that the development of this disease is closely linked to HPV infection and genetic factors. In a group of 53 patients have been studied genes hTERC, PIK3CA, hTERT, C-MYC, BCL-2, CCND1, ZNF217 and ERBB2 and the expression of proteins C-MYC, BCL-2, p16, ERBB2 and CCND1 with so correlacionarlos with disease progression and possible prognostic factors as may be smoking and infecicón HPV, HIV or Hepatitis. The results were that alteraicones genetic PIK3CA, CCND1 and XNF217 are associated with the onset of the disease, and overexpression of C-MYC and CCND1 too. In the case of how it evolves, hTERC and ERBB2 would relate to the passage of LSIL to HTERT and C-MYC with HPV infection of high-risk, and therefore, with the advent of CIN-III. Lastly, BCL-2 is a gene for late-onset of the disease and would relate more with the emergence of the CIS.