OSTEOPATOLOGY

Author: CEBRERO GARCÍA M. ELENA.
Year: 2004.
University: LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA.
Place of defense: CENTRO SUPERIOR CIENCIAS SALUD.
Place of preparation: CENTRO SUPERIOR CIENCIAS SALUD.

Summary: The bone is a metabolically active tissue that is continually subjected to a process of formation, resorption and repair, which is called bone remodeling. The detention is considered a risk factor for osteoporosis. Objectives: 1 .- To study possible changes in biochemical markers of bone remodeling in patients suffering from spinal cord injury. 2 .- To correlate changes in biochemical markers of bone remodeling in bone mineral density estimated in the calcaneus. We studied a total of 103 patients being treated at the unit Injured Medulares Service Rehabilitation Hospital Complex Materno-Insular de Gran Canaria and 34 healthy subjects workers Hospital. We performed: 1 .- Custionario 2 .- Biochemical markers, both training and destruction. 3 .- Overall bone mineral density Conclusions: 1 .- Patients with spinal cord injury have a lower bone mineral density. 2 .- The Tscore of these patients indicates that they are in the range of osteoporosis. 3 .- The osteocalcin is lower in these patients, reflecting lower bone formation. 4 .- Women with spinal cord injury show low levels of vitaminaD. 5 .- Patients with spinal cord injury are at increased risk of sufir fractures.

Author: RAMAL LÓPEZ JOSEFA MARÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA.
Place of defense: CENTRO SUPERIOR DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: CENTRO SUPERIOR DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD.

Summary: The importance of the social impact of osteoporosis at the present time and in the near future, become an issue of particular interest, mainly for populations in which there is insufficient data or studies that identify their prevalence. Regarding secondary osteoporosis drug has been unequivocally established an association between decreased bone mass and chronic use of certain drugs such as steroids and anti-epileptic but there are few studies that indicate the existence of any alteration of bone mineral metabolism in those patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses using psychotropic drugs is chronic. Studies over the last decade have shown that the ultrasonic measurement in calcaneus, serves as an alternative to the usual procedures for measurement (DEXA), and also accused aspects of bone quality. In this thesis is carrying out a case-control study whose aim is to examine the effect of psicótropos (cases), on bone mass evaluated by ultrasonography in the calcaneus. The study shows a higher smoking in the group of cases as well as a body mass index higher. For the three indicators considered ultrasound bone (Bua, SOS and Qui-Stiffness), have not been detected statistically significant difference between the average being in any case the alleged decline in the main scoreboard (Qui-Stiffness) less than 9.7% (mean the 1%). Therefore, the study concludes that psychotropic drugs, still managed in the long term, do not seem to produce declines in bone mineral density.

Author: CRIADO PASCUAL AURELIO.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: There is a high incidence of injuries in accidents nerve structures impacting secondarily in the fabric óseo.El understanding of the cellular mechanisms that regulate these changes will be to improve the treatment of the same and make the maximum recovery of bone tissue dañado.Cuando perform a compression or section of the sciatic nerve in the posterior limb of the rat bone alterations occur in the misma.El bone tissue is a very specialized biologically active. In 1892 Wolf delivered its tenet that says: "Any alteration in form and function of a bone or just their function is followed by some definitive changes in its internal architecture and also changes its conformation final external, according to mathematical laws. "An overriding goal of the skeleton during biological evolution has been to get enough rigidity to maintain bone weight. This bone has optimized the spatial distribution of collagen calcified depending on the needs. The two systems of self bone able to modify the quality and distribution of materials are mineralized bone modeling and remodeling. Frost in 1986 suggested that there are 4 levels at these two mechanisms that change depending on the amount of distortion which is subjected hueso.Para conducting our study used 41 rats adult male Wistar race three months of age who are performed compression of the sciatic nerve section or left depending on the group to which they belonged. They were divided into four groups of survival of 4 to 16 weeks after the section and seven groups with survival times of 2 to 24 weeks after compression. The conclusions of our study are: 1.

Author: MUNIESA PORTOLÉS JOSEP Ma..
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Departamento Cirugia.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL DE L'ESPERANÇA.

Summary: Introduction: The knee osteoarthritis is the most common cause of knee pain after the 50-year-old being very common cause of disability. The treatment of choice for knee osteoarthritis is crippling the total knee arthroplasty, technique that has proved effective and cost effective. Knowing the expectations of improvement intervention is important for the study of satisfaction with the outcome. The objective of this work is to deepen the study of the expectations prior to the intervention of total knee arthroplasty in patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Patients and Methods: cross-sectional study; variables collected: Demographic (age, sex, cohabitation regime, after TPA, cultural, architectural barriers to access to the home, the caseworker actuacion, body mass index) - Function: Barthel Index , subscale function of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System - Pain: verbal scale of pain, pain subscale of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System-State health: Index of Charlson comorbidity-emotional state: Scale of geriatric depression-Yesavage cognitive Assessment: Spanish version of the questionnaire Pfeiffer - Quality of Life: Spanish version of the Short Form 36-Expectations: Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Replacement Expectation Survey Results: The main findings were:-value expectations Totals 12.3 (DE1.6), value Expectations Maximum 9.5 (- 1.7) - expectations improvement over rated were: improvement of pain, improvement in the general welfare, improvement of wandering, improvement in up and down stairs, improvement in the mobility of the knee and mobility in general . - Statistically significant correlations between expectations Totals and age, the value of the Barthel Index, depression measured by the scale of Yesavage and dlor waited for the 6 months of the intervenció. - Statistically significant correlations between expectations and Maximum age, sex, Barthel Index, the value of Yesavage, pain assessed by the scale of oral pain, pain waited for the 6-month intervention and componenete abstract physical SF-36 - according to analysis multivariate regression, the explanatory variables of Expectations Totals were: age, Barthel Index and the value of Depression Scale Yesavage-as multivariate regression analysis, the explanatory variables of the Top Expectations were: age, Barthel Index, value scale Yesavage, sex, depending on the pain scale verbal pain and sorrow waited for the 6 months following the intervention. Conclusions: 1. Expectations for improvement after the intervention of total knee arthroplasty are high 2. They can be grouped into expectations of improvement in pain, and the general welfare of core functional aspects 3. Correlations have been established between the expectations and clinical variables and demographic 4. The results have allowed up tables with normal values for the reference population.

Author: DOS SANTOS KAGUIMOTO ELOÁ.
Year: 2006.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE CIENCIAS AGROVETERINARIAS - LAGES - BRASIL.

Summary: In order to evaluate the effects of ultrasound on healing balls of lambs subjected to osteotomy were used 12 lambs randomly separated into 3 groups pilot with 4 animals per batch and distributed: LOT 1 received ultrasound therapy daily in the so pressed . LOT 2 received ultrasound on alternate days in pulsed mode. LOT 3 Witness. The lambs were subjected to oestotomía in caramedial of diáfasis the right metatarsus and twenty-four hours after treatment began with ultrasonic energy on the injured area. The evolution of healing was done through radiographs weekly and at the end of the experiment through the histomorphometric analysis. The application of ultrasound daily and alternate days on the injured bone found a greater proportion of volume osteocitos fibers collagen, osteoid and osteonas, compared to the control group (p less 0.05). These results suggest that the application of ultrasound in pulsed mode with an intensity of 0.5 w/cm2 for 6 minutes daily or every other day can be comendado as an adjunct in the treatment of bone injuries of lambs.