PSYCHIATRY

Author: BLANCH ANDREU JORDI.
Year: 2001.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT MEDICINA - UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION Previous studies have found conflicting results regarding the association between the presence of depressive symptoms and clinical signs and immunological progression of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most of these studies were conducted before the introduction of new combinations of antiretroviral treatments, and showed significant constraints due to bias in the recruitment of patients, the lack of standardized criteria psychiatric, or lack of control of potential confusion related variables, or relating to medical treatment. OBJECTIVE Studying the relationship between depressive symptoms and changes in the values immune (CD4 and CD8) for a period of 2 years in a sample of asymptomatic HIV + patients. METHOD 65 patients asymptomatic HIV + and that in turn and went for the first time to the clinic Service Infectious Diseases were evaluated on a regular basis every 4 months for 2 years. The depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI). As a dependent variable values were used lymphocyte count CD4 and CD8 in peripheral blood. We examined the association between scores on the BDI and values of CD4 and CD8 by univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression with random effects (random-effects linear regression) Statistical Program STAT 7.0, controlling the effect of variables related characteristics of patients with the infection and its treatment and the time of evaluation. RESULTS The route of infection sex (= 1271, p = 0001, 95% CI = 1108-1457) and the fact serve as obstacles against taking ARVs for some time of follow-up (= 1215, p = 0003, 95% CI = 1067-1383) associated so indpendiente with the increase in CD4 cell count. Neither the intensity or duration of the depressive symptoms associated with changes in lymphocyte cell counts. CONCLUSION Controlling potential confounders in previous studies, it does not appear to be any evidence that the symptoms deprevisa be linked the progression of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.

Author: SUAREZ GONZÁLEZ FELIX.
Year: 2002.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA UEX..

Summary: Cross-sectional studies carried out in female adolescent population, in order to detect malfunctions food. OBJECTIVES: To detect risk factors for disfunciónes food in the rural population, female and subject to activate in primary care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 127 non patolícica, 56 subdimos and 63 bulimic. - PROTOCOL: -Escala (IDE, EAT, BITE) -rol sonal -Receptindol and submission to messages -Factores risk -Teoría of esutinuum RESULTS: -Población noclínica -Edad = 16-20años -BITE = population -IMC = 19-21kg / m2 -EAT = within limits normal -Porcentaje of atracones and subsistence -Población not clinical us clinic -Psicopatología higher in clinical forms -Psicopatología minor ways -- -Psicopatología minor is not pathological -Vomitos and subsistence as conduits.

Author: MONTES DONCEL ESPERANZA.
Year: 2002.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA UEX.

Summary: We saw relationship between pain and psychopathology studied this in a population with cervicalgía who go to a rehabilitation clinic for treatment. OBJECTIVES: To examine psychopathology and personality, and characteristics of pain and relate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 patients with cervicalgía 72% Women 60% chronic social situation Medium TREATMENT: Masoterapia, pull and microwave VALUATION: EPQ, SCL-90-Ry WHYMPI. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Study transverse, longitudinal and identification of predictors of treatment response. RESULTS: It reduces the severity of pain and circumstances associated (interference, self-mood). By improving the pain improves psychopathology. - Women with cervicalgia have neurotism high. - Neuroticismo and psicoticismo -psicopatología high. - Emocionalidad positiva-buena respuestta to tramiento -Dolor interference inicial-mal prognosis pain end. - Female, psicot. And neurot-mal pornóstico of psicopatología end.

Author: REMESES PRIETO BLANCA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of preparation: MEDICINA.

Summary: Objective: To study the prevalence of disorders psiquiÃÂ ¡tricos and distribuciÃÂ charges in consultations AtenciÃÂ ³ n Elementary a ÃÂ ¡urban area of a large ciudad.AsÃÂ same discusses factors sociodemogrÃÂ ¡ficas partners, the relaciÃÂ charges between morbidity psiquiÃÂ ¡trica and patologÃÂa somÃÂ ¡tica y la presencia de prior stressful events. MetodologÃÂa: Study epidemiolÃÂ ³ gico cross, with a dual-phase sampling used to study the prevalence of the GHQ-60 in the first phase (487 patients) and PSE-9ÃÂ th ed. In the second phase (201 patients). Were collected giagnÃÂ ³ sticos disease somÃÂ ¡tica issued by the mÃÂ © dico general and nÃÂ eighth and tipologÃÂa of mere stressful events occurring during the aÃÂ ± or prior to the consultation, ademÃÂ ¡s of data sociodemografÃÂcos and consultations prior to AtenciÃÂ ³ n Elementary. Conclusions: The prevalence of disorders psiquÃÂatricos resultÃÂ ³ be 29.4% (+ -2, 6%) for both sexes, 34.3% for women and 22.5% for varones.Los upheaval mÃÂ ¡s frequent were the depressive (estimated prevalence: 22%) and to a lesser extent, trstornos anxiety (estimated prevalence: 5.04%). SegÃÂ fifth n the anÃÂ ¡lisis multivariate through regresiÃÂ ³ n logÃÂstica considering all factors sociodemogrÃÂ ¡Features, the predictive factors of disease psiquiÃÂ ¡trica were: being a woman, being divorced, live outside the family home, and having experienced at least one episode stressful point in the ÃÂ seventh last aÃÂ ± o.La demand mÃÂ © doctor was widely by complaints somÃÂ ¡policies in the mayorÃÂa of cases have, or not, patologÃÂa psiquiatrica.El 84.3% of patients with patologÃÂa psiqueÃÂ ¡trica presentabann tambiÃÂ © No illness mÃÂ © dica segÃÂ º n its mÃÂ © dico of AtenciÃÂ ³ n Elementary, was higher among the asociaciÃÂ ³ n disorders psiqueÃÂ ¡atricos and diseases somÃÂ ¡cies crÃÂ ³ nicas or graves.La validaciÃÂ ³ n predictive of GHQ-60 in this sample proporcionÃÂ ³ few parÃÂ ¡meter sensitivity = 0.96 and specificity 0.82, to the point of cutting 10/11.

Author: SARRO ALVAREZ SONIA.
Year: 2003.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: This thesis reviews the current state of knowledge of the alterations of the simetrÃÂa brain psychosis esquizofrÃÂ © nia, testando a selecciÃÂ charges of hipÃÂ ³ thesis on the subject in patients psiquiÃÂ ¡tricos ambulatory and healthy volunteers: * In a first section reviews the major concepts the foundation anatÃÂ ³ micas and functional of the asimetrÃÂa brain and especializaciÃÂ ³ n hemisfÃÂ © rich, his expresiÃÂ ³ n-fundamentalmente level engine and sensorial- and mÃÂ © all current measurement, asÃÂ as the factors identified as potentially influential in the brain laterality. * A second section is reviewed in detail the studies of laterality in schizophrenia, discussing their findings and limitations (anÃÂ ¡lisis crÃÂtico). * The third and ÃÂ sixth last paragraph describes the experimentaciÃÂ ³ n clÃÂnica diseÃÂ ± ada to test the hipÃÂ ³ thesis derived from the knowledge teÃÂ ³ rich today, with well-defined objectives. It shows detailed procedure and anÃÂ ¡lisis estadÃÂstico. We discuss limitations and results. It identifies a subgroup of esquizofrÃÂ © nicos are anomalies of the asimetrÃÂa hemisfÃÂ © rich. * We conclude that estuido of cerebral laterality can provide valuable informaciÃÂ charges as a risk factor and pronÃÂ ³ stico in schizophrenia.

Author: PASTRANA JIMÉNEZ JOSÉ IGNACIO.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The study of personality traditionally has been tackled from models of categorical difficult comparison between different groups and research. It is now prefers the use of dimensional approaches that allow better alignment with the scientific method and a better link with biological research. The limit Personality Disorder is one of the personality disorders more frequent and more important. Individuals with this disorder show a poor response to stressful situations, settling in a few responses to stress caracterizas by impulsiveness. The system involved in the biological response to stress is the usual axis hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal, and cortisol suppression test (DST) with dexamethasone is one of the tests that evaluán competition shaft and its response to stress. In our study reveals a response hipersupresora in the limit of personality disorder characterized by impulsiveness, unlike other psychiatric patients and healthy controls. This response hipersupresora are associated with impulsiveness and personality dimensions of the previously linked to serotonergic systems, which indicate an important role of serotonia in the limit of personality disorder.

Author: CRUCES SANCHEZ AGUSTINA.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE EXTREMADURA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Author: CARRASCO MAIRENA MERCEDES.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The syndrome x pagil is the most common cause of mental retardation and developmental disorders. The genetic mutation that gives rise to what is responsible for this disease that affects 1 in every 250 women and 1 in every 600 males, as mild (prenutación), and 1 in every 4000 males and 1 in every 600 women as prove (mutation completascoñual x fragile). Our goals were two in particular: Perfilar the physical and behavioral phenotypes in the affected prenutación and full mutation (SXF) and linking both states, as until now always thought that the bearers or prenuntdos were tranmisores normal or healthy , and we have seen from our results that is not the case. Our findings support a profile characteristic of 1 syndrome, which has become intertwined with another mudiar disorders, as usual to realiencia double diagnostico.Por Furthermore, we have emphasized the sístomas earlier and more relevant in the affected matación complete and premutación.

Author: URRETAVIZCAYA SARACHAGA MIKEL.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE BELLVITGE.

Summary: The overall aim of the thesis has been to contribute to the characterization of the course of depression delancólica and the establishment of prognostic factors. Assumptions: 1) the melancholy mood disorder is a stable pattern with a relapsing course. 2) the clinical variables that best predict relapses depression and time to relapse are those that reflect the course prior depressive disorder y. 3) antidepressant treatment of prolonged maintenance entail a protective effect to the emergence of new depressive relapses. Subjects, materials and methods: Prospective study of 157 melancholy remission after an episode melancholy índice.Período observation 10 años.Se used scales estructuradas.Se analyzes a survival analysis Kaplan Meyer and applies the model of Proportional Hazards Cox (significance of p less than 0.05). Results: 82.8% of patients maintained diagnose melancolía.El 23% of the patients had clinical depressive presented annually to seguimiento.el 59% at 5 years and 77.55 to 10 años.El 50 % of the patients have presented some kind of resurgence of clinical depressive episode after the index to 3 years. Per income prior to the index episode of the riesto a relapse later add uñn 50%. annual maintenance antidepressant therapy in excess of 150 mg / day, reducing the risk of relapse is symptomatic of 30%. Conclusiones.Se verify the initial three scenarios.

Author: ALONSO ORTEGA M. PINO.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The disorder Obsesivo-Compulsivo (OCD) is characterized by the presence of two clinical intimately related phenomena: obsessions and compulsions. The obsessions are defined as thoughts, images, ideas or impulses of an intruder, repetitive, egodistónico and generating intense anxiety. The compulsions or rituals are all those acts, engines or mental, usually repetitive and stereotyped, that the patient takes in order to reduce the anxiety generated by the obsessive thoughts. The work carried out in relation to the pathogenesis of the disorder Obsesivo-Compulsivo points to the probable existence of biological bases underlying disease, which include a genetic vulnerability or fragility, as well as the existence of anomalies neuroestructurales and neurofuncionales the cortex órbito-frontal and paracingulado, thalamus and the nucleus striated and alterations neuroquimicas in which it has meant basically to serotonin system. These findings are far etiopathogenic, however, if inconclusive and often results published in the literature are contradictory. A similar situation arises when trying to establish the long-term course of the disease, as well as the existence of evolution and predictors of response to various drug and cognitive approaches. It is likely that the absence of conclusive results may be linked, at least partially, with the clinical heterogeneity of OCD, which in recent decades have been numerous attempts to try to delineate more homogeneous subgroups of patients obsessive. In this regard, recent studies based on the use of factor analysis and cluster have established the existence of a specific number of basic dimensions clinics, which include fears of contamination with ritual washing / cleaning, the doubts and thoughts with aggressive content rituals testing, the need for order / symmetry, the obsessions of a sexual / religious and accumulation. The consideration of these basic dimensions in the analysis of the pathogenesis and evolution of the TOC can provide more conclusive results in relation to these controversial aspects of the pathology obsessive. This thesis aims to analyze the possible relationship of the various dimensions symptomatic clinics with obsessive-etiopathogenic factors including aspects neuroestructurales and educativos-, as well as with the long-term evolution of the disease after a thorough medical treatment and cognitive behavioral approach. The main findings of the articles that make up this thesis are: - The presence of obsessions and compulsions of sexual and religious content was the only factor that allowed clinical predict a poor long-term evolution of the disease obsessive in a sample of patients treated with prolonged -1 to 5 years with a comprehensive drug and cognitive behavioral approach. - The presence of obsessions and compulsions accumulation was associated with a specific pattern of perceived parental education, specifically to the perception of lower emotional warmth by both parents. - The presence of obsessions and compulsions content aggressive testing was associated with a significant reduction in the volume of gray matter at the right amygdala. Our results reinforce thus the multidimensional perspective as a method of approach to the study of the pathology obsessive, to detect the existence of a differential relationship between certain factors etiopathogenic and long-term evolution of TOC with some of the dimensions described symptomatic obsessive.

Author: VARELA GONZÁLEZ ORLANDA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD MEDICINA.

Summary: The need to provide health care to lapatología mental Primary Care was unanimously designated as a priority health goal. In line with this perception, have developed different classifications of mental pathology adapted to this environment, including CJE10-AP. Although it has been widely reported the gap between the clinical applicability of these ratings and the daily reality of caring for mental pathology in primary care, so far had been very little research to identify and systematize the real demands of collective user such systems nosológicos. In this paper discusses deforms detailed criticism that the users themselves (primary care physicians around the country) make the current version with a dual objective: to better the particularities of the Psychiatric Care Primariay get informaciónfidedigna quepermita develop unaversión optimized . The analysis defines the demand for a text: more akin to a guide diagnósticay therapeutic than a simple coding system best suited alpapel that primary care physicians are in a position to play in every disorder, in many ways more specific and more current (especially at the point of treatment). The proposal for a CJE10-AP optimized resulting from the assumption of this demand leaves the vision conceived adaptation to the first level of care and unproceso simplification and condensation of the contents of the original classification. From the scientific recognition of this reality differently, "adaptation to Primary Care" takes its full meaning.

Author: JIMENEZ HERNÁNDEZ JOSE LUIS.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: MEDICINA.

Summary: The syndrome Munchausen is a psychiatric disorder in which apparently healthy individuals seeking medical treatment or surgical inventándose or auto-induciéndose symptoms. It was Roy Meadow, 1977 the first to add the term "proxy" to describe a case in which the mother in principle to meet their own needs, not repair the damage that the medical procedures, totally unnecessary, were causing his son. The purpose of our work is to contribute new information to the complex syndrome Munchausen by proxy and structuring therapeutic strategies that address the treatment of the syndrome from a perspective multissistemica. It has conducted a retrospective review of 54 cases of children aged between 1 and 17 years belonging to 42 different families, forwarded to your child psychiatry section with suspected initial diagnosis of Munchausen by proxy syndrome ICD 10: F68. 1. The investigation consisted of a thorough review of clinical each case, in order to ascertain whether the suspected diagnosis was consistent with the implementation of 7 specific criteria. During the study highlighted 35 cases to be related to the reasons for exclusion and confirmed 19 diagnoses final described by memorizadamente.

Author: CARRERA ARCE MARIA MILAGROS.
Year: 2004.
University: CANTABRIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The objective of this study is to describe the personality traits normal and Anxiety Disorders (TA) with or without Agoraphobia in phases termpranas of the disease. Also discusses the influence of these traits and personality disorders in clinical severity of the initial TA, in its clinical course of 8 weeks segumiento and in the presence of agoraphobia. They included those patients with a primary diagnosis of TA who had not received prior treatment effective for the disorder, patients in the area of health Santander and comorbidity were not relevant. We used the psychiatric interview MINI, History Clinic Protocolozada, the Beck Depression Inventory, the questionnaire anxiety STAI and scales Gravity ICG and EGTP. To assess the personality, were used instruments NEO-FFI, and the interview MCMI-II clinical SCID-II. As a result, the sample of patients presented scores significantly higher neurotism and significantly lower in extraversión a sample of controls drawn from the general population and matched for age and sex with them. Patients with TA show a high prevalence of personality disorders, a 94% when using the MCMI-II and 46% when using the interview SCID-II. The personality disorders, more prevalent belong to the group ansioso-temeroso; clerk, compulsive and passive aggressive when using the MCMI-II and obsessive-compulsive and avoidance (with depression) using the SCID-II . All personality disorders are more prevalent when the agoraphobia accompanying the Anxiety Disorder, except compulsive. It found a pattern of prevalence of personality disorders differently depending on the sex (higher prevalence among women, but no significant differences), although the profile personality is not different from that found among women and men of the population ggeneral or in other clinical samples. By logistic regression identified as predictive variables for the presence of agoraphobia being introverted along with the female and experience greater discomfort during crises when appreciates the effect of traits personaldiad normal. For its part when it assesses the effect of the scales of pathological personality MCMI-II of the only predictor variable is the scale of agoraphobia evitativa and when appreciates the effect of personality disorders of the SCID-II is disorder limit. Using multiple linear regression is that the gravity of the TA is not related to normal personality traits. Without embrgo, it is associated with personality disorders and esquizotípico esquizoide when we use the inventory Millon, but in conjunction with the clinical depressive. The only Personality Disorder appreciated by the interview SCID-II which has a significant influence on the severity of initial Disorder Agustia is depressing. Finally, again using the multiple linear regression found that the clinical course of Anxiety Disorder in the short term is not associated with the characteristics of personality normal or patológia that patients had at the beginning. However, other variables, such as a lower state anxiety and male, whether it can predict better volución.

Author: FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ YAÑEZ ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: We examined the effectiveness of a technique family intervention on relapse prevention clinic, the enhancement of positive psychotic symptoms, hospitalizations, serious incidents and functioning in patients with severe schizophrenia in the community. We conducted a clinical trial, ocn allocation aleagtoría a group of family intervention or a control group, with two years of follow-up. The Experimental Group received individual family sessions at home; the control group during the treatment period for patients who had relapsed family intervention less, had higher survival accumulated fewer serious incidents and were hospitalized less. Although both groups decreases the number of hospitalizations during the follow-up, compared with the baseline period, this decline was greater in the group receiving the intevención family found significant differences in change in the number of hospitalizations psiquíatricas calculated as less baseline period end. In addition, patients in the intervention group family presetaron less positive symptoms. Family intervention kept their relationship statistically significant in the sense expected to preventing relapse, improving the overall psychosocial functioning, lower admissions and the improvement in positive symptoms controlling other prognostic factors. Patients in the intervention group and family patients in the control group did not show differences in their adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication. The multivariate analysis showed that the effect of family intervention was independent of adherence to treatment farmacologíco.

Author: MAÑA ALVARENGA SONIA.
Year: 2004.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: We evaluated the costs of a psychoeducational family intervention through a study of cost-effectiveness and the factors discussed in relation to increased costs. Design. This is a controlled clinical trial, randomized design with pre and post assessments blindly at the outset, to 9 months and two years. The gurpo family intervention (IF) received individual sessions at home, the control group the standard treatment. Sample. Patients who met DSM IV criteria for esquizofrenía residing in the community with a family member with negative attitudes predictcoras relapse and which have submitted positive psychotic symptoms persisting for more than a year or clinical relapse during the past 2 years. It worked with a sample of 50 patients. The services used by patients registraton through the SCIRI. Results. During the 24 months of treatment groups FIs and C showed no statistically significant differences in cost-type health, social or family. The total health expenditure in group C was 29.152.674,62 PTA, the group IF of 28.654.164,15 pts. In the group IF costs by emergencies and hospitalizations decreased in a statistically significant between the baseline period and 24 months of treatment, despite the added expense of the IF. In group C increased costs for health kinds of serious incidents resulting in a statistically significant difference. In addition, patients in group IOF significantly increased their income between baseline period and the period of treatment. The study cost-effective implementation of the rate equation incremental cost 7 effectiveness (TICE) and 10,000 mirrors bootstraap to obtain confidence intervals showed that the intervention is more effective and less expensive than the standard treatment.

Author: PORTELLA MOLL M. JESÚS.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DEMEDICINA.

Summary: The objective of this thesis is to study the characteristics of rasgo-estado of neurocognitive depressive disorders and neurotism, the latter taken as a vulnerability factor for the development of depressive disorder. To that end, have been used psychological techniques, neuropsychological, biochemical and neuroimaging to determine whether the presence of brain dysfunction associated with depressive disorder is a characteristic feature of either state, which is to say the same thing, if abnormalities neurocognitive come, are symptoms or are a result of emotional table. It is well established that depressive disorder, along with the clinical symptomatology presents cognitive deficits that affects memory, information processing and executive functions. The profile of neuropsychological depressive disorder has been well researched subjects young adults, and most studies have concluded that the cognitive deficits is a characteristic feature of the disease, given that after the referral was continuing noting that deficit. The major depression in the senescence has been less investigated because of the difficulty of establishing reliable respect for differential diagnosis of dementia tables. On the other hand, considering the neurotism as a risk factor for the development of affective disorders, as it is a genetic factor personality and highly correlated with the presence of depressive disorder. CAbe think therefore that if the characteristics of the pressure greater neurocognitive are remnants of frame of mind, these features may be present in subjects with high risk for developing emotional disorders. Subjects with scores extremely high in neurotism would be vulnerable to such a disorder and therefore, a valid sample to determine if symptoms neurocognitivos precede the onset of major depressive disorder. The results show that the cognitive deficits of depression in the senescence are a feature of the disease. This result leads to the study of cognitive function in people with high scores in neurotism compared to subjects with very low scores in neurotism (control group), as well as the study of functions neurobioquímicas (levels of cortisol in saliva) and brain functions and structures (through structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging), all of which are altered in major depression. Mainly there are abnormalities in all functions explored, leading to the consideration that the characteristics neurocognitive may precede the onset of major depressive disorder. Even so, some limitations of the samples used, and the difficulty of controlling important confounding variables make it difficult to accept that conclusion. Anyway, opens new avenues of inquiry to investigate the etiology and pathophysiology of major depression.

Author: GARCÍA PALMA MARÍA JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA. FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The personality and psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol-dependent women is something little studied today, and studies are the literature relating to alcoholism male, when in fact it should be compared to women with each other. In our study, we try to describe personality differences between women are alcohol dependent and non-dependent, in addition to evaluating the dual pathology associated with them. Study descritptivo Transverse. The study population is comprised of 40 women dependent on alcohol and 40 non-dependent. The goals that we considered in our study are as follows: 1. Knowing the age, marital status of women dependent on alcohol and the existence of another psychiatric diagnosis. 2. Watch for consumption of benzodiazepines associated with alcohol. 3. Analyzing why demand for treatment for alcohol dependency and other variables relaconadas to alcohol, first-degree family history, age of onset, duration of atoxicodependencia, reasons for treatment demand and shape and type of drink consumed. 4. Analyzing differences in consumption of benzodiazepines between the two groups. 5. To assess the factors through personality tests 16 PF In Catell and MMPI 6. To assess the differences found between the personality profiles of both samples. The conclusions we get in our study are as follows: First: Women dependent on alcohol have an average age of 40 years, are separated or divorced and mostly housewives. Second: They have a high percentage of use of benzodiazepines. Third: There is a history of first grade alcohismo in more than half of women dependent on alcohol. Fourth. The start in their first contact with alcohol is between 15 and 20 years. Fifth. The duration dela drug addiction is alcohol, in most of them, from 1 to 5 years. Sixth. The reasons for demand of a first treatment were first, family reasons, seguidad of labor and economic problems of the last physical and mental health. Seventh: the most consumed beverage in housewives was elvino, while the bebidasd a ta graduation for those working outside the home. Eighth. The use of benzodiazepines is high in both samples and is not seen diferncias significant. Ninth. Women differ dependent on alcohol, compared with the control group in marital status (separated the first and second single lasa), and family history of the first order. Tenth. The scales clinics personality who deviated from the normal measures with the 16 PF In Catell, alcohol addicted women don cunning and the tendency to blame. Tenth first. The women dependent on alcohol, are cunning and the tendency to blame. Tenth second: the personality traits prominent obtained by the scores that were diverted from normal in the MMPI test are deprsión and paranoia. Th. According to the results of test Castell women's group of cases are more cunning, more tendency to blame and more anxious than the control group. Tenth fifth. The women dependent on alcohol in our study according to the results of MMPI traits are more depressive, paranoid esquizorfrénicos and social introversion that women are not dependent on alcohol.

Author: ENLLOCH ORTIZ M. LUISA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Author: BENCLOCH ORTIZ M. LUISA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FCULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Author: SÁNCHEZ GÓMEZ PEDRO MANUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Refractory Schizophrenia is defined as one disease whose symptoms do not disappear productive despite various tests and treatment with appropriate doses time. It raises and develops a study based on the assumption that people with schizophrenia refractory yield significantly but not people with chronic refractory schizophrenia. It compares the performance of 52 persons with schizophrenia refractory according to the criteria of Kane with 43 people with non-refractory schizophrenia. It uses a comprehensive neuropsychological battery designed for the purpose. The results show that there are no significant differences in cognitive decline between the two groups of patients. It concludes that schizophrenia is no different set of people with chronic schizophrenia.