TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2)

Author: Trias Mansilla Daniel.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Escola Politècnica Superior.
Place of preparation: ESCOLA POLITÈCNCIA SUPERIOR.

Summary: The thesis proposes a methodology for simulation probability of failure of the matrix composites reinforced with carbon fibers. The study proposes a methodology for determining the minimum size of a model so that it can be considered an element Representative Volume Statistics. Using the results of this analysis compares the distribution of stresses and deformations in a random model and a model newspaper to conclude that a realistic analysis must consider the distribution no-periódica of fibers. Also, using image processing techniques for obtaining digital functions statistics that describe the distribution of the fiber in the compound. Finalemente, proposes a two scales method for the simulation of statistical error cross sheeting unidirectional. The simulation results are compared with test results and the results of analysis of the distribution of the fibers in the material.

Author: TURON CASALPRIM XAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: ESCOLA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA.

Summary: The growing concern and awareness of society towards the environment, and therefore laws and regulations generated induced modification of the production processes in the chemical industry. The initial configurations should be modified to achieve greater integration of processes. To this end have been established and developed different methodologies that should make life easier for leaders of the redesign. The development of a methodology and tools up is the main goal of the research presented here, especially focusing on the development and application of a methodology for process optimization. This methodology is applied to optimization configurations existing process and aims to find new configurations feasible according to the optimization objectives set. The methodology has two distinct parts: the first is based on a simulator business processes and the second is the technical optimization itself. The methodology starts with the development of a simulation conveniently validated reproducing the existing process, in this case not a trash integrated produces coated paper quality for printing. Then the technique of optimization performs a search within the domain of the possible outcomes, looking for the best results that satisfazcan fully goals. This optimization technique is based on genetic algorithms as a search tool, along with a sub-program based on mathematical programming techniques for calculating results. A few results are finally selected and used to modify the existing simulation setting the redistribution of the flow process. The simulation results of the process ultimately determine the technical feasibility of each proposed reconfiguration. In the optimization process, the objectives are defined in an objective function within the technical optimization. This function governs the search results. The objective function can be individual or a combination of objectives. In this case, function follows a minimization of water consumption and minimizing the loss of raw material. The optimization is carried out under restrictions to achieve this goal combined in the form of a compromise. Proceeds from the application of this methodology, results have been interesting to mean an improvement in the closing circuits and a saving of raw materials, without compromising while the operability of the process or product quality paper.

Author: Mestra Rodríguez Álvaro Miguel.
Year: 2004.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: E.T.S. d'Enginyeria Química.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. d'Engineeria Química.

Summary: This thesis presents a study teórico-experimental on heat pumps mechanical vapor compression with circuit solution, also known as absorption / compression, the upgrade to energy at temperatures between 120 and 140Â ° C waste heat between 80 and 90Â ° C using mixtures organic fluid and heat exchangers plate. The thermodynamic study has been carried out for a cycle consisting of a single absorber, a desorbedor, a compressor, a pump and a solution exchanger solution. As a working fluid is used a mixture of organic fluids that the coolant is an alcohol (methanol, Trifluoroetanol or Hexafluoroisopropanol) and can be used as absorbent compounds of the family of n-EtilenGlicol DiMetilÉteres. The cycle has been evaluated for the absorbent TetraEtilenGlicol DiMetilÉter (TEGDME) and for different operating conditions taking into account the variables that affect their operation: the concentration of rich solution, the heat jump of the solution in the absorber, the type of compression, the temperature of the solution to the departure of desorbedor, and the temperature of the solution to the departure of the absorber. The parameters analyzed were: the compression ratio, the volumetric flow of steam, the mass flow of the solution in poor cooling, the thermal solution of the interchange, and POPs. The results show that the coolant is best for this type of application is Methanol in conjunction with TEGDME. To this mix has been achieved moderate compression ratios of 4.4 to 7.5; low volume flow rates of coolant, from 35 to 50 m3 / h, and values of POPs between 3.8 and 5.6. The compressor selected for this application is a compressor blades that are customarily used in the compression of air. Being a lubricated compressor, and in order to let the oil does not interfere with the process of absorption, has been selected initially demanding that meets the role of lubrication required by the compressor. To test the technical feasibility of this election trials have been conducted compression air compressor blades and lubricated with absorbent proposed. They also assessed the performance of the cycle with this new mix of work through the simulation program thermodynamics, and are virtually the same values of POPs and pressures in the case of TEGDME, while the flow of solution required másicos are doubled. To evaluate the performance of the heat pump proposal has built a pilot of 15 kW thermal incorporating a compressor blades of 4.5 kW and interchanges plate termosoldadas. The distribution of the solution in the absorber channels is done using a spray nozzle located at the port of entry interchange. This type of heat exchangers has been selected to offset poor transport properties of the absorbent. The tests demonstrate the technical feasibility of using a lubricant of the same family as the absorbent, but significant improvements can be achieved if used two different products, PEGDME 1500 as a lubricant and PEGDME 500 as absorbent. The results show that it is possible to achieve with this type of heat exchangers efficiencies of greater than 70% and a good distribution of the solution into the boards 8 of abso 359 rbedor. However, the problems at the stage of compression levels have limited compression ratio achieved and the production capacity of thermal energy from the heat pump.

Author: TOLEDO MOREO ANA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA [www.upct.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. DE INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.

Summary: Image processing is an area of extremely extensive application that combines a variety of techniques and with a large number of applications at present. The need for these applications to process a large amount of data within a specific time frame has directed the implementation of the same solutions to heterogeneous hardware devices that combine parallel processing with conventional processors. To design these systems is difficult and subject to a relatively new area of research, codiseño hardware-software. However, there are no tools on the market of codiseño targeted to the design of image processing systems. To date, most efforts to implement this type of heterogeneous systems have focused on the development of specific applications. La carencia de flexibilidad, generalidad y madurez en las herramientas se traduce en que la visión por computador no ha conseguido implantarse en el sector productivo de una manera clara En esta tesis se han propuesto y desarrollado metodologías y herramientas para cubrir estas deficiencias. Among the proposed methodologies include a representation of the image processing algorithms in the software and hardware are unified. This enables a real flow of codiseño for such applications. In order to prove the validity of the methodology, it has built an environment full of codiseño hardware-software, in which all phases of codiseño can be developed. The use of this environment poses a significant reduction in design time, and thus improving productivity. By providing a graphical environment with different levels of abstraction, the creation and testing of prototypes is very quick and easy. In addition, the parameterization of the components, the modular design and the ability to incorporate code into other languages, promotes flexibility and reuse. An important advantage is that it eliminates the need to have a thorough knowledge of hardware description languages, while allowing access to the details of the hardware implementation if deemed appropriate.

Author: COSTA VAYÁ VICTOR IGNACIO.
Year: 2004.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: Facultat de Química.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUIMICA.

Summary: The implementation of a new law on the composition of motor fuels, especially in its aromatics content, forcing the refineries to revise their production schedules. These chemicals can be used as precursors of polymeric materials, which have a higher value added and demand clearly growing. Production processes that give rise to these raw materials are polymeric catalytic isomerization and alkylation of benzene, toluene and xylenes by acid catalysts. This study focuses on the use of zeolites acidic in nature, both as a commercial synthesized by the Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV), as catalysts to obtain valid high conversion processes above, to achieve high selectivity towards products most commercially valuable, with the minimum possible impurities and allowing its use on an industrial scale. The thesis presented has demonstrated the influence of the structural parameters and the pore size of the type zeolite catalysts acid on the conversion and selectivity in the isomerization and alkylation of aromatic for obtaining raw materials polymer. Controlling the pore size in the synthesis of zeolites used is critical to achieve high yields in the proposed processes. Being a prerequisite for the use of catalytic converters pore size of a half where you want to get reaction products of small molecular size, type para-xileno or ethylbenzene. By contrast, the production of larger molecular as cumeno or cimenos requires large pores of zeolites in order to use all active centers present in the microporous structure of the zeolite. The use of zeolites deslaminadas type ITQ-2 allows minimize the formation of impurities normal-propil-benceno or toluene, during the formation processes cumeno or cimenos respectively, a condition required by the petrochemical industries.

Author: ARTIGA ACUÑA PRISCILA MARISOL.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: ESCOLA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE ENXEÑERIA.
Place of preparation: ESCOLA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE ENXEÑERIA, UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.

Summary: The objectives of the doctoral thesis has been the improvement and optimization of the processes used in the biological treatment of waste water from the tanning industry, can pool the studies conducted in three distinct stages: 1) Design of new monitoring systems for monitoring the microbial activity and toxicity in biological purification systems through systems certification; 2) Evaluation of strategies for improving processes Conventional Activated sludge, and 3) Implementation of new reactors biological membranes in the treatment of these waters. During the first phase were studied systems and monitoring ANITA MARTINA, developed recently by the Politecnico di Milano. The operation of these systems is based on the addition of various solutions titling alkaline, acidic or hydrogen peroxide and to determine the microbial activity by monitoring consumption solutions titulantes. Trials with these systems are easy development hardly carry cargo analytical, with a low cost and can be implemented with ease in some industrial plants. The results obtained with the teams identified various kinetic parameters such as speed and consumption of substrate affinity constant evaluated also the inhibitory effect of chemical compounds that may be present in wastewater from tanneries. In order to validate the reliability of the systems certification, we participated in an exercise intercalibration international scale, in which 9 other European laboratories. The results were satisfactory and consistent with those obtained with ISO 9509E of the Standard Methods. The second phase explored various alternatives to improve the effectiveness of conventional biological systems that are used in tanneries, using various laboratory-scale reactors. It was found that the addition of bicarbonate allowed improve nitrification sludge in a system of conventional assets. Continuous systems were used conventional predesnitrificación and reactors semicontinuos Activated sludge to remove nitrogen. The low regard COD / N of industrial water meant the need to add an external source of carbon. It was found that both the methanol as the wastewater flow shore desulfurada are carbon sources suitable. It reached a high incidence of removal of nitrogen in the continuous system with the semi. The third stage was to test the effectiveness of new reactors biological membranes. Tests were conducted at both laboratory, using a hybrid membrane biological reactor patented by USC, as a pilot scale using a system Zenon ZW-10. The hybrid system is operated to VCN and VCO of 1.2 kg N-NH4 + / (m3Â d) and 4.5 kg COD / (m3Â d), reaching a 95% removal of organic matter and a 80% nitrification. In the scheme on a pilot scale showed a 86% removal of COD for water tanning, regardless of the VCO implemented. The effluent from the systems membranes were of excellent quality, free of solids and with a low concentration of organic matter.

Author: PIEDRA FERNANDEZ JOSE ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE LENGUAJES Y COMPUTACIÓN.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.

Summary: The great boom of Remote Sensing linked to the launch of various satellites in recent years has boosted the development of new techniques in digital image processing [Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994] [Chuvieco, 96]. The Remote sensing allows a remote observation of the Earth's surface, which helps to study and knowledge of phenomena mesoescalares. The line of inquiry in Remote Sensing of the Oceans was initiated by Professor Dr. D. Manuel Canton Garbin in the late 80, and its pioneering research in Spain. Continuing studies in this line, our framework focuses on the recognition of ocean structures in the basin of the Canary Islands. The area under study covers the region between the 20Â ° and 40Â ° NY those 9Â ° and 19Â ° W, including the Canary Islands and the north coast of Africa. The geographical location of the Canary Islands between the continental shelf and ocean makes this region is subject to influences of a different nature that generate oceanographic features such as the coastal upwelling of northwest Africa, eddies mesoescalares from Mediterranean (leading the turns cold and warm) and the flow of Canary flowing into Ecuador through the Canary archipelago (leading to trails in the different islands) [Tejera, 1996] [Garcia, 1998]. The study is based on information extracted from the Atlantic Ocean in the Canary Islands and outcrop canario-saharanio through images sensor Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), which provide maps temperature of the sea surface (SST-Be Surface Temperature) . One of the possible applications of this work focuses on the study of recognition of structures to support the ports of various species [Churches, 2003]. Among los-trabajos latest in the automatic recognition of ocean structures in the basin of the Canary Islands is developed by the [Torres et al, 2002], through conexionistas competitive systems, where each neuron is a high-level processing ( High Level Knowledge Processors) containing a base of knowledge in the form of rules. This knowledge is a symbolic and has been used as an expertise in this work. Another work that is seeing the light is developed by [Guindos et al, 2004a], building an expert system graph (SEC) rules-based. This system has a very important contribution in the process of segmentation, as it poses a system of automatic segmentation based on knowledge extracted from the representation of regions, obtaining good results in this field. This system has served as the basis for the analysis and study of descriptors region from best segment generated. The pattern recognition tries to emulate the process of distinguishing objects and develop categories, through a learning process [Duda et al, 2001]. In artificial systems, learning is to generate a sequence of representations, which begins with a crude representation or initial concept, which is transformed to achieve adequate representation of the concept or pattern. To do so, the changes that are favored us closer to the ideal and those that inhibit us away, using a set of typical objects, called joint training. The use of automatic recognition of patterns is appropriate in cases where it is difficult to find a suitable parameterization of the patterns and where there are many variations and exceptions, as is the case at hand. The pattern recognition is divided into a number of stages: data acquisition, feature extraction and classification. In the first phase of our work gets two types of data departure: symbolic and numerical (HLKPs) (from the segmentations obtained by SEG). One of the goals achieved at this stage in our work has been the p 8 ropuesta 1ff8 a new set of descriptors based on time invariant. This new set of time-invariant based on those proposed earlier by other authors, such as [Hu, 1962], [Maitra, 1979], [Teague, 1980] and [Canton, 1982], using hierarchical clustering techniques [ Lozano, 1998]. The main feature of the new invariants is his improvement in representing objects with a more invariant and its ease of computation. The next stage in the pattern recognition is the selection of relevant characteristics. Before specify the achievements I would like to define the concept of data mining (data mining). This concept is defined as data analysis with the aim of discovering patterns, relationships, rules, exceptions associations or even useful for decision making. There is no doubt that the human species has extremely sophisticated abilities to detect patterns and discover trends. The main problem in the process of Remote Sensing is management information raw and in large quantities that it is useless because it does not gives us knowledge. The summarized data for making decísiones has been the field tradícional of statistics. The identification of common patterns, associations, general rules and new knowledge is today one of the most significant aspects. The data mining reveals patterns or associations that we usually unknown, it has also denoted by Knowledge discovery (Knowledge Discovery). The field of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD Knowledge Discovery in Data Bases) is the convergence of automatic learning, statistical, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, among many other fields. In particular, the fundamental objective is to find useful knowledge, valid, relevant and on a new phenomenon or activity through efficient algorithms, given the increasing orders of magnitude in the data. Another aspect is that the interaction humano-máquina should be flexible, dynamic and collaborative, ie, "comprehensible (easy to interpret)" to humans. From this point of view has developed a methodology for the selection and validation features .. This methodology provides for the integration of two methods: techniques filter (Filter) and Bayesian networks. The techniques used filter evaluation functions type search filter characteristics in a subspace domain, stressing CFS (Correlation-Based Filter Selection) [Hall and Smith, 1997] as one that has achieved better results. An important aspect of learning is to get a model that represents the mastery of knowledge and that is accessible to the user. A knowledge representation that is able to capture this information on dependencies between variables are Bayesian networks (the second technique used in this methodology). These units simplify the representation of knowledge (minus parameters) and reasoning (spread of probabilities). The construction of a Bayesian network from data, it is a learning process, which is divided into two phases: the learning and parametric structural [Jensen, 2001]. The first one is to get the structure of the Bayesian network, ie relations between dependence and independence of the variables involved. The second aims to obtain a priori probabilities and conditional required from a given structure. Among the features Bayesian networks, it can be noted that allow learning about dependency relationships and causality, let combine knowledge with data [Diaz and Corchado, 2001], avoids the sobre-ajuste of data and can handle databases íncompletas [Heckerman et al, 1995]. The proposed methodology integrates both methods filter as Bayesian networks, drawing not only the selection of relevant characteristics, but the representation of knowledge as simple as possible for as Na'ive Bayes classifiers, Tree Augmented Na'ive Bayes and k-Dependence Bayesian. The last stage in the pattern recognition is the classification. As in the previous stage I would like, because our study focuses on systems hybrids neurodifusos, introducing the concept of soft computing (Soft Computing) [Zadeh, 1994] [Bonissone, 1997]. This concept is a new methodology that seeks to integrate other technologies, where each of them will contribute to the best of their domain for solving a specific problem. The essence of soft computing is that unlike traditional techniques (Hard Computing), is capable of adapting, tolerate and exploit the vagueness, uncertainty, and partial truths that have most of the real-world problems. Generally uses fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and probabilistic reasoning, but is able to work with any other technique. The purpose of the screening stage is the implementation of intelligent systems hybrids (where each of the techniques referenced contributes a distinctive methodology for handling problems in their domain), specifically systems hybrids neurodifusos as currently provide very good results and are beginning to be used in Remote Sensing [Acharyya, 2003]. The hybrid systems neurodifusos combine the advantages of neural networks and fuzzy logic, making obtaining a more robust system (consistency of rules), reliable and flexible (adaptation of knowledge), as well as a more powerful learning and approximation (since the semantic point of view) the real world. There are various systems neurodifusos. For our study has identified a subset of different architectures and ways of learning: ANFIS, NEFCLASS, NEFPROX, RBF-SUGENO (hybrid system: a neural network function of a system based radio and diffuse type sugeno) and FLNMAP (neural network two layers based reticulos fuzzy). The latter can be viewed as a generalization of the above, since the removal of the fuzzy rules are defined reticulos associated with each feature. The main problem is finding a balance between the rate of successes in the classification and comprehensibility of the system neurodifuso. The application of the methodology seleccíón and validation feature has allowed the construction of optimizing systems neurodifusos. It is suggested from the standpoint of understandability, including techniques based on reticulos fuzzy as a mechanism for widespread rules diffuse [Kaburlasos and Petridis, 2000]. The rules drawn by diffuse classifiers neurodifusos can be reduced to a more streamlined representation through retículos fuzzy. Lastly, there has been a comparative analysis of the methods commonly used for classification as neural networks, decision trees, clustering techniques, as opposed to systems neurodifusos, with an emphasis not only on the rate of successes gained by the classifier but in the comprehensibility of systems obtained. In conclusion, in this paper we have addressed the steps of a pattern recognition system using different methodologies. On the one hand, stressed the proposed new time invariant providing information relevant to the domain of study. Furthermore, the methodology for the selection and validation of features has enabled the optimization of the classifiers and allowed understand existing knowledge in a database, as well as try to understand what criteria are needed to improve it. Lastly, have been built classifiers neurodifusos that have improved the efficiency and power of reasoning systems currently in use, improving the quality of results (from the point d 8 and view 335 of comprehensibility). This has been supported with a comparative study of traditional systems such as decision trees and clustering techniques among others.

Author: BENEDICTO IRUIÑ M. IZASKUN.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: The work is dedicated to the study of behavior and evolution of the failure of the levees coats compared to the action of waves. The dikes coats are a type of structure designed to protect a coastal area at the expense of the action of waves and other marine dynamics. The result of the interference oscillations of the sea dike is the set of oscillations which so requests, conditioning their security, their service and their use and exploitation. For various reasons, the dam may lose their property or structural resistant (security), structural and formal (service) and use and exploitation (farm). The failure modes describes the mechanisms by which this occurs loss. 1. Influence of wave reflection on the stability of the dikes in the slope. The dam on the slope is a type of dam coat widely used in Spain. Because of the importance to the safety of the dam, one of the modes of failure that has been most studied is the removal of the pieces that make up the mantle major "by the action of waves. One constant in investigations has been the diversion of dimensionless minimum weight to the stability of the pieces, weight obtained from the experimental results. Work on Losada and Lopez, 1999 show that the dispersion of results will be reduced to take into account the reflection of the waves interact with the work. As a result of these findings State Ports promotes a study, in which seven Spanish maritime engineering laboratories and the University of Granada, with the aim to learn about the influence of the wave reflection on the stability of the main pieces of the mantle a dam on the slope. Within the scope of this agreement are carried out a series of tests in the laboratory. An analysis of test data and results are part of the work done in this thesis, presenting here testing laboratory Oceanographic and Coastal Engineering at the University of Cantabria and the results obtained in the analysis of their data. The results show that the trajectory of the test designed to maintain a constant rate of the wave break in the slope (ie, the type of action on the parts) and gradually increase the height of wave (the magnitude of the action) not available due to the influence of the wave reflection in the dike. Following is a clear need to evaluate the behavior of the reflection of the waves on the dam as a pre-trial design for stability. 2. Performance of reflection wave to interact with a dam on the slope. With this objective, a series of tests conducted in the laboratory of the University of La Coruna. In a first phase, is being tested reflection of the waves on the core of the dam and, once this stage, the robes are added to the kernel and is being tested reflection of the waves on the whole section. This procedure has allowed an assessment of the behavior of the reflection of the waves interact with the dam on the slope, as well as the influence of the robes in such conduct. The results show that the reflection coefficient, R, decreases with increasing depth relative kh, which spreads waves. This behavior is linear with kh if kh largest 1, and is oscillatory kh with the case. In addition it kh increased 1 dependence of R with the incident wave height, H_ (i), it is despicable, which is not the case if kh majeure 1. For the same value of kh, to a greater height of wave incident, H_ (i), has a lower value of the reflection coefficient, R. The influence of the robes in the behavior of thinking is reflected in a reduction of reflectance value, R. 3. Study of the behavior of the dams in the slope through tests on a reduced scale. Often the study of the stability of dams slope conducted through laboratory testing on a reduced scale models. To achieve dynamic behavior similarity between model and prototype implementing 8 scale 1de1 of Froude. The use of this scale is suitable provided that the influence of viscous forces is negligible in the behavioral study, which is true when the Reynolds number is high. For the scales of work commonly used in the trials of dams slope, where there is interaction between the wave and the dam, the viscosity of the flow in the mantle of the main dam can be assumed negligible. The same goes with the flow in the mantle secondary. But one can not assume the same in the case of the nucleus, where the exclusive use of the scale of Froude to achieve dynamic similarity with the flow at the core of the prototype results in a material size to be less than adequate. As a result, the permeability to flow at the core of the model is less than the prototype, producing what is known as' scale effect 'on permeability. The effect of permeability scale influences the thought processes, transmission and dísipación flow, and hence on the results provided by tests on the behavior of the dam before the action of waves. The traditional analysis methods do not evaluate the effect scale in all processes involved in the behavior of the dam, so that this theory is proposed as a method of analysis to establish the global balance of power incident in a control volume containing the model . This method allows it to assess the effect of scale all processes. 4. Evolution of the failure of dams slope. Other studies on the stability of the pieces of the dam on the slope, aim to evaluate the evolution of the failure of the dam once the damage has begun. Knowledge of the evolution of the damage to the dikes design allows states limited service, ie taking into account in the design deformation acceptable that can occur in the life of the dam without it ceases to be reliable, functional or Operating. In this type of study, the configuration of a dam on the slope as a system composed of several layers granular, each with its propías characteristics of particle size, porosity etc., and thus, with its own response to the action of waves , determines the evolution of the damage. This thesis explores the behavior of a seamless, ie considering the dam formed by a single type of piece. It expects a response homogeneous mechanical means. The study was realíza by two different ways: on the one hand develops an analytical model of achievement of damage in the dike subjected to the action of random cycles, and on the other, are performed some laboratory tests on a reduced scale on the evolution of damage in a model of homogeneous dam. The analytical model of achievement of damage in the dam has been drawn up establishing an analogy with the behavior patterns of some materials and structural elements. This has been linked to the level of damage to the dam with the action of waves or magnitude of the agent, height and length, and the number of waves. We have developed two models, one linear, which assumes a linear relationship between the level of deformation of the dam and the number of cycles that you ask, and one assumes that this relationship is not linear. Both models can obtain the evolution of the fault in the dam when it is subjected to random cycles of solicitation. In addition, from the behavior of a dam on the slope traditional, and based on the results of the models for the evolution of the fault developed, it gets an average slope deformation uniform at the end of a cycle of solicitation, which can be a state of the sea, a temporary, one year or the life of the dam. In addition, laboratory tests on a reduced scale on the evolution of damage in a model of homogeneous dam revealed that: "In a granular system built with a single type of item, if the number of waves of the same height serving on the system is high enough, each wave height leads to a profile of the system which is stable for herself and the lower wave heights. profile stable only be amended if the wave height increases. " experiments on systems with different initial condition, show that this is systems autoorganizados, ie subject to the actions described in the preceding paragraph, self organized from reaching geometrically similar profiles and whose energy behavior in terms of the global variables the test is similar. "The beach cusps listed in the profiles show deformed energy transfer modes infragravitatorios. System response depends on this transfer of power, therefore, the results also depend on it." Developing ways in rhythmic the slope, beach cusps, can be one of the reasons for the spread showing the results of the damage in the trials of traditional stability of dams. Depending on how the rhythmic form to be developed (1,2,3 etc.), the damage starts in a particular area of the slope, however, because the trials are conducted with the multilayer configuration of the dam, the slightest resistance from the lower to prevent the action of the waves to observe the evolution of rhythmic way. "Finally, the results of the tests conducted on the dam have helped establish a uniform methodology for designing dams. Methodology is applicable to the case tried, future trials need to be able generalizarla. 5. Performance geotechnical system. Interaction with the ground ínfluye the behavior of a dam coat off the wave action, whatever its type. Where the waves interact with the work, there is a transmisíón efforts wave field and the dam and, in turn, between the dam and the ground. order to evaluate the overall response of the system is necessary to know: a) the response to the solicitation of ground wave transformed by the presence of the dam coat, b) the response of the dam before the action of waves and c ) the interaction between the ground and the dam through its contact surface, under the action of waves. In this connection it has reviewed the performance of different types of soil under the action of static and dynamic loads, suggesting some general expressions adimensionales response. has been revised behavior of different types of ground in the face of waves as well as the behavior in the face of waves of various topologies dam having a porous medium as part of their structure, giving the analytical model of behavior of a new typology consisting of two horizontal layers porous crowned by a espaldón waterproof.

Author: ROMERO MARTÍNEZ ROCIO.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: ETS ARQUITECTURA.
Place of preparation: ETS ARQUITECTURA - SEVILLA.

Summary: The shape of the pads a decisive influence on the behavior of these structural elements. This paper explains clearly what is the behavior of the square and rectangular pads, and the efforts to which they are subject, as are medianera or corner and compares the results with those of triangular pads, demonstrating the benefits the latter compared with traditional forms of foundation.

Author: BACHILLER SOLER ALFONSO.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS.

Summary: This thesis deals with the problem of obtaining explicit and reduced computational cost, the transient response of a linear electric system and invariant over time. It examines three of the most popular methods for solving the equation of state explicitly (based on the calculation generic autosistema, in the matrix of Vandermonde and interpolation formula Lagrange), and suggests some improvements. It also develops a new method, based on fasores widespread, computationally efficient and numerically stable. The methods discussed part of a description of the electric system through its equation of state, taking as state variables intensities by the coils and capacitors voltages. Additionally, in order to establish a more complete comparative were exposed two numerical methods for obtaining the transient response. The first one is based on the numerical integration of the equation of state applying the rule trapezoidal, and the second is the method Dommel. Likewise, it has developed a methodology for obtaining systematic way of the equation of state of networks and linear invariant over time and an algorithm synthesis circuitry with certain properties. It outlines a series of experimental results which highlights the cost computations of some of the methods analyzed to calculate the transient response of grids with certain characteristics.

Author: LUCERO CARO ANA MARÍA.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.

Summary: The emulsions and foams are systems consisting of two immiscible phases intimately mixed (oil / air and water). These systems are thermodynamic volatile energy needed to be educated and tend to separate the phases over time. Because of this trend, we need the incorporation of emulsifiers or blowing in the formulation, containing the same molecule regions hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The chemical structure of these products, leading to lie preferably in the interfaces, thus helping reduce the thermodynamic instability of foodstuffs. The emulsifying and foaming agents used in food sonde two types: low molecular weight surfactant such as phospholipids and monoglycerides, and macromolecules like proteins and polysaccharides. The knowledge of the properties of the films that make up these emulsinantes and foaming at the interface and the interactions between them in the interface, it is necessary to understand some physical properties of the emulsions and foams as its stability, rheological characteristics and diffusion of substances through the layer interfacila. In this report, has been carrying out a systematic study of interfacial behavior of two phospholipids, dipalmitoil phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the dioleoil phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), the b-caseína, and mixtures between these components. These emulsifiers compete for their presence and configuration of the interface, which can have a huge impact on the stability or instability of the system. This report will explore the interactions between them and influence the properties interfaciales system. For the realization of the experiments have been used various experimental techniques (balance of Langmuir surface type and type Wilhelmy, tensiometer Wilhelmy, Brewster angle microscopy, atomic force microscopy and reómetros interfaciales), which has identified the structural and rheological properties of the various films, as well as its formation, stability and morphology. Both phospholipids as proteins possess ionizables groups that change depending on the pH of the subfase on the characteristics interfaciales of topcoat, keeping constant temperature (20Â ° C) and the ionic strength of the system (0.05 M). The different characteristics interfaciales who have studied the phospholipids are the consequence of the nature of their hydrocarbon chain. The establishment of a presence in the hydrocarbon chain prevents the existence of a package more effective between the molecules, resulting in structures expanded on the interface and increased its instability. Films b-caseína may deem irreversibly adsorbed presenting an appearance of the gel. In films protein interactions are larger than in the phospholipids. However, the latter have an increased surface activity proteins, because they can packaged in a more effective way. In films formed by mixed phospholipids and proteins has been shown that the existing interactions are highly dependent on pH of the aqueous medium, since they change net burdens of these substances. These mixed systems are more stable than the components separately. However, at pressures greater than the pressure recreation of the protein, this is beginning to be displaced by the phospholipid of the interface, which appreciate the ease with which displaced a protein is dependent on the magnitude of the interactions between molecules.

Author: MICÓ TORMOS PAU.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: INFORMÁTICA DE SISTEMAS Y COMPUTADORES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: The work presented, intended to give continuity to the line of work that began with a thesis subject entitled "Survey of methods for processing and clustering of electrocardiographic signs." The issue to address is the same as in the thesis mentioned: reducing the number of beats to consider a record electrocardiographic (ECG) Long-term (known as Holter), using unsupervised clustering techniques. However, in this case and as a technique for extracting features using the polygonal approximation (Polygonal Apporximation, PA) and also in the process of reducing characteristics, using a stochastic method based on the hidden Markov models (Hidden Markov Models, HMM), and a statistical analysis based on principal component (Principal Component Analysis, GWP). This thesis describes the contributions made in these three areas: PA, HMM and PCA applied to this specific problem. The validity of the two methods is supported by a comprehensive set of experiments using as a source of data signals available on the bae ECG data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In conclusion lists the best obtained from the application of these methods on the process of clustering beats on type Holter ECG signals.

Author: Cuenca Grau Bernardo.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería.

Author: Zamora Pedreño Rosendo.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA [www.upct.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. de Ingeniería Industrial.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.

Summary: The formation porosity by trapping air in the process of injection molding at high pressure is a problem in many cases it is very difficult to avoid. The special characteristics of the flow within the chamber injection and the high flow rate of molten metal at the entrance of the cavity mold can produce a high intake air mass, leading to high levels of bubble formation . In pieces with operating requirements little harsh, the declining quality of porosity is offset by the huge advantage of these processes (production of high speeds, good or excellent dimensional precision surface finish of the parts manufactured). When requirements are higher performance, reduced to a maximum permissible level of porosity is a central goal that requires the use of sophisticated technology and knowledge and control of the factors that determine the level of porosity of the parts manufactured. In injection molding processes at high pressure with cold horizontal chambers, the molten metal is injected into a mold cash from a horizontal injection chamber in which the metal is pushed by a piston. The injection chamber is filled partially with a volume of molten metal (fraction initial filling), then moving the piston along the length of the camera (career piston), which is usually fixed. To reduce levels of porosity in the parts manufactured, the injection process is usually carried out in two stages. In the first (step slow) pushes the piston to a relatively low speed until molten metal injection chamber is completely filled, and the second (phase fast) the piston pushes the metal at high speed to fill the cavity of the mold . To reduce the size of the gas bubbles trapped, once the mold is completely filled, it increases the pressure exerted on the piston and the metal stands during the solidification of the piece. In this dissertation is carrying out a pilot study, in terms of operation, the mechanisms of trapping air in the chamber during the injection phase of slow injection process. This study is carried out in an industrial machine injection molding with cold chamber horizontally using a lightweight aluminum alloy (usually employed in these processes) and different operating conditions (fraction initial filling and law of motion of the piston). They also have conducted experiments with water instead of molten metal in which, with the help of a special device that incorporates a photoelectric sensor has been able to determine the precise moment when the water reaches the entrance to the cave Mold and air becomes trapped in the camera. To establish the relationship between operating conditions and quantities of trapped air has been necessary to determine precisely the one hand, the values of the parameters of injection used in each trial, and on the other hand, measures levels of porosity in the parts manufactured. For this it has been necessary to adapt the configuration of the industrial injection machine installed in our workshop manufacturing, a new system of data acquisition and control which improves the precision of injection system and improve the repeatability of tests. The conditions for carrying out such tests have been treated statistically to determine the variability of the results. Additionally, it has been necessary to establish operating procedures that would:-make precise dosages of molten metal injection into the camera, which obviously depends on the fraction of the initial filling considered slow-stage study the injection form aisl 8 ada, - 14e6 establish parameters control injection machine for testing according to a certain law of motion-check the degree of similarity obtained from the actual displacement piston and the law of motion desired to reject those injections that diverged the test conditions considered. The measurements of the levels of porosity for each piece has been made using a method picnométrico based on the principle of Archimedes. This method allows us to know the density of a material from the measure of its weight in air and in water, which has used a hydrostatic balance. Comparing the measured density of the material with a sample of the alloy used free of pores was obtained in a percentage level of porosity of the piece manufactured. These experiments have established the values of the critical speed of the piston which minimize the amount of air trapped for different operating conditions. It should be borne in mind that, if it is not known the pressure at which the gas is trapped, this method makes it impossible to determine quantitatively the air mass trapped. Although it is possible to know at every moment that the ram pressure exerted on the metal during the injection process, the experimental uncertainties in addition to the high complexity of the different phenomena that may occur during the flow and solidification of the metal in the camera makes it very late difficult to estimate the pressures of gases trapped. Therefore, it has chosen to consider the amalgamation vacuum, which makes it possible to evaluate the amount of air trapped in part from changes in pressure and temperature produced during the fusion of metal in a vacuum chamber. The lack of supply in the market for computers with sufficient precision and the ability to carry out measurements of pressure and temperature through the merger of the metal vacuum, it has become necessary to design and build a system specially adapted to the characteristics of the trials scheduled in this study. To that end, they have been taken into account, among other factors, the most suitable materials for the system, vacuum equipment necessary, the set of sensors and transducers pressure and temperature and its integration with the data acquisition system, conditions typical of pressure and temperature reaching pieces tested, the type of oven and its configuration, and calibration procedures of the team. In turn, harealizado a comparative description of other non-destructive procedures commonly used to study the porosity, such as inspection by X-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound, image analysis or analysis of the resonance frequencies. The experimental results obtained in this thesis, has been compared with previous theoretical results, with a match qualitatively acceptable to the predictions of the critical speed of the piston during slow injection. Likewise, it has carried out a numerical analysis, using a three-dimensional model, the flow of molten metal into the camera deinyección. The results of the volume of air trapped obtained with this model show an excellent match quantitatively with experimental results obtained in this thesis, except for cases with maximum piston speeds higher than optimal, since the formation of jets wall along the roof requires a more detailed numerical analysis. The results of this numerical analysis have identified the applicability and limitations of simpler models to describe the flow of metal in the chamber injection. Moreover, trials have been conducted visualization of the flow of water in a camera model injection, which uses a high-speed camera to display the free surface flow for different operating conditions. One of the most significant aspects of this study is to confirm the existence of a critical speed of the piston that pushes the liquid in the chamber. It has been possible to visualize the formation of a jet of fluid along the roof of the camera when the piston velocity exceeds the criticism, leading to the distortion of the free surface and air entrapment. The comparative study of visualization results with the experimental results in actual machine and the results of numerical simulations shows an excellent degree of similarity, especially in terms of operation close to the best.

Author: NAVARRO RODRIGUEZ DE VERA CASILDA.
Year: 2005.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: CAMPUS DE ORIHUELA.
Place of preparation: SEDE DE DESAMPARADOS.

Summary: The objective of this thesis was to develop and optimize the appropriate methodology to obtain a product gelificado based mechanically recovered meat (WARC). We conducted an experimental design that would allow control all the factors involved in the production of goods. First, he characterized the WARC, the raw material for product development gelificado. Subsequently, a preliminary survey was conducted to determine the conditions for washing: we selected the following factors: time, number and wash additives. Here took place the entire process of obtaining product gelificado which included washing stage, the process of freezing and crioprotectores with the gel phase. The results show that, of all combinations tested in the washing process (additive number of washing and washing), the largest luminosity (L *) and lower value of the coordinate red and green (*) index redness ( a * / * b) gets to the WARC is the use of 3 washed using sodium chloride 1%. Using crioprotectores, during the process of freezing the WARC washed, reduces red color component values and reduces the rate of redness. Its use, furthermore, does not alter the textural properties of the gels obtained from WARC.

Author: GÓMEZ GIL JAIME.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE ING DE TECOMUNICACIÓN.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. DE ING. DE TELECOMUNICACONES.

Summary: The Telematics Industrial Group at the University of Valladolid opened a few years ago a line of research dedicated to research into Precision Agriculture. During his time working in this line of research, the author of this thesis has been involved in the development of research projects in the field of agriculture, especially in the development of a device to assist the guided-oriented applications with large width working as distribution of fertilizer and herbicide application. This doctoral thesis, entitled "Assistance to guided autonomous navigation and teleguiado assisted in the area of Precision Agriculture" examines the possibilities that allow technological advances in electronics, telematics and communications for application in the field of agriculture. We have conducted studies and development of prototypes in four phases: J In a first phase is the analysis and development of assistive devices to guidance. These devices are intended for agricultural work in which the tractorista have greater difficulty guided by the plot, usually applying herbicides and distribution of fertilizers. It has been proposed and carried out the development of a first device based microcontroller, and a second device based on computer pocket general purpose. The microcontroller-based device has been patented by the author of this dissertation, and later developed and marketed by the company GMV Systems. In a second phase is developing a module teleguiado allowing driving of a vehicle remote farm. The mechanical modifications are made on a tractor and set out the hardware necessary to enable remote control of the vehicle's steering. The computer board receives instructions guided via wireless communication from the computer installed at the base. In a third phase addresses two self-guided systems, one using GPS and the other by Vision, using as a base platform developed in the previous phase. It incorporates a module to generate trajectories from tilling profile of the farm. With this background, the tractor is capable of performing most of the agricultural work on a farm, without any intervention from the driver. The final phase takes place in parallel with the above, and is framed within the field of Precision Agriculture. At this stage is an analytical study of the behavior of the granules of fertilizer dealer in a centrifuge. With the knowledge provided by this study, is a simulator machine fertilizer that offers two new features: on the one hand, this is a very useful tool for the design and calibration of subscriber equipment, and on the other hand, yields functions two-dimensional distribution of working with a team subscriber. With these two-dimensional distribution functions through an application developed, then generated maps subscriber high precision, taking into account the errors committed in subscriber irregular plots, or at the heads of any plot. Complementing this application for generating maps subscriber, has also developed an equivalent intended to be installed and executed at a harvester, which generates a map performance of the plot. Studies have led to actual developments implanted on the family farm machinery author of this dissertation. The development work has been done on a shelf software modules that are intercommunicated among themselves, as many of the applications developed with a common basis for work. This modular system allows you to create new applications by adding new modules enables minimize the development work of all the applications developed. Giving an overview of the work done, we can say that this is an application of information technology in agriculture today.

Author: CEBRIAN FERRIOLS ANTONIO JOSE.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA DEP. INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: SUMMARY: Some arrhythmias can cause a significant deterioration of the hemodynamic efficiency of the heart with fatal consequences for the individual. The ICD monitors on an ongoing activity to detect cardiac episodes dangerous arrhythmias, providing electric shocks on the myocardium to correct them. The resources and technical readiness for the development of ICD have managed to turn it into a small, long-term and high performance. The diagnostic criteria based on the classical heart rate (rate), stability and sudden onset (sudden onset), offers virtually sensitivity of 100% computational burden associated with a reduced but in many cases, at the expense of low specificity. Currently, the efforts seem directed towards the study and optimization algorithms to complement the classic approaches, increasing the specificity without decreasing the sensitivity. While it is possible to find many algorithms in the current scientific literature, most of them are oriented towards its implementation in personal computers and not on ICD devices, demanding computational burden that is beyond the capabilities of ICD. In this paper, following the line, it has developed a reference model of ICD consistent with its computational limitations and restrictions of consumption. Developing a comprehensive methodology for the feasibility study of the algorithms in the ICD and proposing new techniques and solutions software / hardware to implement algorithms enable more sophisticated and more computational load in the ICD overcoming their current limitations. There has been analysis, evaluation and optimization of a range of novel algorithms and representative of the current lines of research, both on the personal computer as the reference model of ICD. The selection algorithms are included working in different domains (temporary, Wavelet, Fourier) and increasing computational complexity. About those algorithms is not viable for its implementation in the TDR has been implemented new techniques proposed increase.

Author: LUENGO GONZALEZ FRANCISCO ALBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: CANTABRIA [www.unican.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.I.DE CAMINOS,C.Y P..
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS.

Summary: In the field of Artificial Life, the term virtual autonomous agents (AVA) is used to define characters who inhabit a virtual world 3D, and whose appearance and behavior of trying to imitate the real beings, with the intention of creating the illusion they are too. Progress, both in hardware and in the graphic software, have achieved levels of realism in the graphic representation of scenarios and characters, unthinkable a decade ago. But for a virtual character is convincing, must not only seem real, but also behave right. Today it is common to see movies in cinema 'digital actors', whose appearance and behavior are really convincing, facilitated by rigid scripts that make unnecessary the autonomy of these players may be fostered by an external animator. However, the boom in the development of video games increasingly realistic have contributed significantly to the emergence of increasingly autonomous characters, or whose acciiones depend on themselves rather than an external animator; these AVAs interact with the character controlled by the user of game situations and to create an atmosphere as realistic as possible. But applications of AVAs are not limited to the world of entertainment, as they are also used to simulate disasters or accidents, which examines the behavior of crowds in such situations to improve chances of survival to such events; among many other applications. This paper makes a contribution to the development of systems of behavioral animation for AVAs, focusing primarily on the animation of human virtual autonomous introducing a general framework for the integration of simulation techniques computations that facilitate the development of simulation of virtual actors, while introducing a new behavioral animation scheme, which incorporates various modules that try to emulate the cognitive process that generates decision making. The integration of elentos graphics and control system developed behavior give rise to the generation of simulations where human behavior realistic virtual exhibit based on objectives and parameters motivated by emotional states internally, and knowledge about the environment and about themselves .

Author: CANSARIO PEREZ MARIA DEL MAR.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: C1002 Edifici C1,CAMPUS NORD.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI C1 Campus NORD.

Summary: The construction of modern systems are associated with innovative technologies and new materials, lighter systems that offer the possibility of a faster implementation by mounting. These characteristics are heavily influenced by the use of materials and manpower, and that planning becomes more simple and can meet the targets set in terms of economic resources and time. The demand for housing is much needed investment in research to consider new options and solutions appropriate techniques, this has led to a high degree of specialization, mainly in the field of engineering. Constructive conventional systems have evolved according to new criteria for the analysis, process development and commissioning work. This increases their use, offering resistance and carrying capacity that will permit a performance equal or superior to the building currently in implementation. In addition, these systems also impose appropriate physical characteristics in materials such as thermal properties, earthquake, fire resistance and resistance acceptable acoustics. The research work conducted the study raises a constructive system based on panels made up of a soul of expanded polystyrene with a welded steel mesh space externally coated with concrete, micro-hormigón or mortar projected on both sides. Currently this system constructive outside the normative Spanish Instruction Structural Concrete EHD and the basic rule for the edification NBE, as it possesses materials conventionally used in a manner not structural. For this reason, this thesis aims to research the mechanical behavior of the element, determining its physical properties, using experimental and theoretical tools, and construction techniques that improve the structural capacity of the system. Among whose foundations are highlighted analysis of the behavior as a structural system that complies with the requirements for its application to all types of housing, including social housing, generating constructive processes and techniques appropriate to put in their best work . Within this research shows a methodology for the calculation of this structural system based constructive as mentioned earlier in the current Spanish legislation, although adapted to the specific characteristics of these elements. To corroborate this methodology, it conducted a series of campaigns experimental elements to varying degrees, also developed a computational modeling program through structural SAP2000, offering favorable results in both cases.

Author: ORTIZ LOZANO JOSE ANGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: c1002 edifici c1,campus nord.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI C1 Campus NORD.

Summary: This research paper presents a study on the effects of ambient temperature on the concrete benefits of fresh and hardened and the properties of the constituent materials of the same from an industry perspective. The main objective of this study is to optimize the dosage of concrete in hot climates and at the same time, proposing some measures to industrial action to minimize the adverse effects on plants prepared concrete. For this reason there were several rounds of experiments to determine the influence of extreme ambient temperatures (summer and winter) on the thermal properties, mechanical and trabajabilidad concrete, mortar, cement pastes and aggregates develop procedures and experimental characterization tools needed. The experimental results obtained indicate that when lower the heat differential between the temperature of concrete and ambient temperature, the better the performance on mechanical performance. Also, the trabajabilidad is influenced by the properties of aggregates, which are capable of variations depending on the temperature. Here, the temperature is acting on the rate of absorption and internal friction aggregates, while the concrete has an effect on its performance and on the final cost. The findings suggest it to dry as a factor of great importance, not only because of the specifics of their behavior with temperature, but also because it is the largest component in the concrete. This is significant in terms of its potential applications in the industrial production of concrete prepared, because the characteristics of the concrete are dependent on the properties of aggregates, and they are highly influenced by environmental conditions. Moreover, in order to reduce costs, the consumption of cement in the concrete can be optimized in terms of variables dependent on temperature. The way to deal with this problem is basically to ensure that the behavior of concrete in the summer are as comparable as possible to the spring and fall, this may be accomplished by acting on an industrial scale, mainly on the dosage of cement and on aggregates. Here, we present the foundation for a design methodology to carry out the optimization of concrete in hot climates based on the variation in the ambient temperature and the heat of hydration curves of concrete. That proposal has been successfully implemented on an industrial scale in production plants prepared concrete, obtaining satisfactory results in relation to considerable savings in the consumption of cement during summer. This thesis has been conducted in the framework of two collaboration agreements (C-4669 and C-5737) between the Group Cementos Molins with the Engineering Department of Construction of UPC, in collaboration with the Center for Technological Innovation Structures and Construction (CEINTEC) and managed by the Center for Technology Transfer (CTT).