TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 3

Author: Amores Llopis Jaume.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Centre de Visió per Computador.
Place of preparation: Centre de Visió per Computador.

Summary: In this thesis we present a system for recognizing and recovering categories of objects based on contextual information. We propose a new kind of representation that context suggests efficiently relevant information on the object of interest, and based on this type of representation as a show can learn the model of the object and put it into correspondence accurately and efficiently. We apply this representation in two different domains: Image Recovery generic and medical imaging. Finally, we propose a new system of learning that is effective in areas of high dimensionality and joint training small.

Author: MARTÍN MARTÍNEZ ÁNGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The processes of precipitation based on the use of CO2 as anti-solvente are a very interesting alternative to conventional crystallization processes. This technology allows the production microparticulas a wide variety of materials, achieving a narrow size distribution. In addition, the use of CO2 as antisolvente, we can carry out the process in soft conditions, which reduces the risk of degradation materiaies sensitive. It also achieves a reduction in the consumption of organic solvents. For these reasons, in recent years have proposed various processes of precipitation with CO2 as antisolvente. A common feature of these processes is the large number of operating and design parameters involved in them, as well as interactions between these parameters, which raises serious difficulties in the interpretation of the experimental results, and study the change of scale process. The objective of this thesis is to develop a detailed mathematical model of the process to provide a theoretical framework for the analysis of experimental results, as well as for change of scale in the process. For this, they have found the two main areas of operation of this process: above the critical point of the mixture, where the CO2 and dissolution are completely miscible, and below this point, where there is only partial miscibility.

Author: BORJA CARRILLO ALICIA.
Year: 2005.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍA.

Summary: In this paper we have used two lines wild tomato, S. Pimpinellifolium and S. Chmielewskii, along with a line of tomato grown, S. Iycopersicum as parental interspecific crosses in two tomato (S. Iycopersicum x pimpinellifolium S. and S. Iycopersicum x S. chmielewskii). Wild species have shown values significantly different from the tomato in most analyzed characters, which are contained in soluble solids, glucose, fructusa, sucrose, assessable acid content, content and citric acid, malic acid, weight, diameter and height of fruit, fruit color, number of flowers and fruits per inflorescence, chlorophylls content, leaf area, thickness and length of internode. This has made them suitable as a parent to obtain populations segregating F2, in which genetic mapping and addressing the study of genes responsible for these variables. These stocks F2 have been characterized agronomically for these 19 characters, some of which are closely related to the quality of the fruit, showing some frequency distributions, in some cases transgresivas, which can be viewed as manifested phenotypically these variables. For the development of genetic map in populations F2 learned, have followed two strategies: the search for markers already published, and the development of new molecular markers type PCR, either from the sequence markers hybridization RFLP belonging to the map tomato reference markers from COS, from EST sequences, or by the development of type AFLP markers. In this way, have been used 283 and 282 molecular markers, which have resulted in 254 and 446 polymorphisms in populations derived from SI and copersicum x S. Pimpinellifolium, and S. Iycopersicum x S. Chmielewskii respectively. With data from the molecular characterization of individual stocks F2 have been developed separate genetic maps. In the coming two people crossing S. Iycopersicum x S. Pimpinellifolium, this map covers 990.7 cM and is composed of 89 molecular markers, while the population from crossing S. Iycopersicum x S. Chmielewskii, the map consists of 255 markers and covers 886.2 cM genome of tomato. Once developed genetic maps has been possible to integrate these maps with maps of reference, because our maps have in common 26 and 65 maracadores with maps of reference. It has carried out an analysis of QTls by software MapQTL, which has allowed loci locate those responsible for a portion of that phenotypic variation in populations F2 developed were detected a total of 88 QTLs for 17 characters, distributed in the 12 chromosomes of tomato. For each of the variables have been detected among Or QTls (thickness of internode and leaf area) and 11 QTLs (height of the fruit), explained that between 3.9% and 52.8%. From the information generated in this work can be deduced that the wild S. Pimpinellifolium and S. Chmielewskii have been shown as suitable donors of genes coding for agronomic characteristics and quality of fruit, and it is therefore possible use in the improvement of cultivated tomato lines lacking such qualities. Similarly, the development of both new markers, including genes of interest, such as new genetic maps, represents a breakthrough in our understanding of the tomato genome and serves as a tool for future studies. The location of the loci responsible for agronomic characters of interest and quality allows learn more about what are the loci responsible for these characters, and the possibility of improving the current business lines. Some of the QTLs located, it can have an important application in improving the current commercial varieties, and be used and 8 No progra 384 more improvement, because of the agronomic interest that is the variable, the density of markers that presents the region chromosomal where they are located, to the high phenotypic variance behind, the high value LOD with whom they have been detected, and their identification in various environments. colocalización of QTLs with candidate genes revealed their interest in bringing an analysis of the molecular natural variation of these genes, as an approximation to determine the function of these genes.

Author: UREA RAMOS ESMERALDA.
Year: 2005.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: The use of different genetic markers is an invaluable aid as a tool in the process of improving, as we have done in this Doctoral Thesis developing new molecular markers linked to the resistance gene, nsv, virus screening in melon (MNSV). In previous work in the laboratory of genetics and Improvement at the University of Almeria developed a marker SCAR, called, cri2. In the present work we have done a fine mapping of cri2 in a population segregating F2 resistant varietal type of Galia melon, consisting of 248 individuals, localizándose closely linked to the marker gene, to 0.2 cM. We assessed the universality of the scoreboard in other varieties of melon, as SCAR as dCAP, being useful and effective in the types varietal Amarillo, Italian and Charentais. Through the strategy and technique AFLP BSA has identified 8 new molecular markers flanking the gene nsv, two of them cosegregan together allocus nsv in different genetic funds. The AFLP markers closely linked to the resistance gene has been possible to convert, through technical Anchor-PCR, STS markers codominante inheritance. It has been proven the usefulness of these new markers in the types of melon most commonly grown in our country, as well as in wild genotypes used as donors of resistance genes to pests and diseases. The AFLP markers, HNS, dCAP and STS described in this report have helped define new positions in the genetic map of the genomic region containing allocus nsv, using segregating populations of different kinds of varieties of melon. These maps are a valisosa in linkage programs breeding melon.

Author: LOMBA GÓMEZ CARMEN.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTADE DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.
Place of preparation: FACULTADE DE VETERINARIA DE LUGO.

Summary: In previous studies conducted in Cátdra of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of empowers of Veterinary (USC) has found that in Galicia attend climatic conditions suitable for development cycle Fasciola hepatica, leading to the high prevalence of fascioliasis in sheep and cattle. The major economic losses that occur are required methods of early diagnosis, specific and sensitive for detecting infection. To do this, a study was raised in order to meet the challenges arising from the implementation of ELlSA-indirecto in detecting fasciolosis sheep, particularly in the immune response crusade, with flukes Calicophoron daubneyi and Dicrocoelium dendriticum. It was on an experimental sheep infected with metacercarias of Fasciola hepatica, which reinfectaron to 14 weeks, and we studied the release of antigen in the circulating endogenous phase of trematodo, and the humoral immune response. It showed that the flukes migrated by the liver parenchyma during the 8 weeks post-infection, which stimulates the production of IgG antibodies from the 3 "week pi Then the immune response was evaluated cross in front of C. daubneyi and D. dendriticum, observed that the antibodies the lambs obtained between 4 and 10 weeks pi react with the antigens of these flukes; sera of reinfection only reacted antigen D. dendriticum. Among the possible causes of this crusade immunity is discussed the existence of components common to all three antigens flukes, and the presence of emigration phase in the cycle intraorgánico of the same, so that may occur release of substances "common" to facilitate this phase. The next step was to the analysis of the functional activity (enzyme) for the products of excretion / secretion F. hepatica. were obtained 8 peptides of 105-18 kDa active cisteín-proteasa, and it was found that the molecular weight also had higher activity metalo - and serí n-proteasa. The final chapter discussed the possibilities of 8 fractions purified, as antigens for detecting fasciolosis, noting that the best results were obtained with the lower molecular weight fractions (F7, 23 ' 5 kDa; F8, 18 kDa). Analyzing sera fasciolosis natural sheep was found that the use of these two proteins was the most advantageous for the diagnosis of trematodosis, and also for the assessment of treatment versus F. hepatica.

Author: DELICADO MARTÍNEZ FRANCISCO MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE ALBACETE.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE ALBACETE.

Summary: The work presented in the thesis deals with the study and implementation of resource request, in wireless networks TDMA / TDD, suited to each type of traffic, as well as the use by the access point for an algorithm to grant resources that minimizes the burden of control on the network and maximize payload transmitted. Another point made in the thesis is the study of a method of ranking of the video signal MPEG-4 that allows the network to distinguish key information code MPEG-4 of the dispensable, and to try to minimize the influence of errors on the final quality of the video. Thus, the ultimate goal of this dissertation is the provision of QoS connections to a wireless network using TDMA / TDD, and in doing so achieve maintain quality standards for these connections at the reception, to meet user demands end.

Author: LARROSA PÉREZ M. DEL MAR.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: CENTRO DE EDAFOLOGÍA Y BIOLOGÍA Y BIOLOGÍA APLICADA DEL SEGURA CEBAS-CSIC.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The thesis deals with the study of the biological activity and metabolism of polyphenols to the diet. The polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants found in the air and fruits, and therefore part of our diet. The study has been carried out in human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-28) ademnocarcinoma colon (Caco-2), adenocarcinoma of the breast (MCF-7) and normal colon (CCD-112CoN). Moreover, it has studied the biological activity of mataboitos derived from in vivo consumption of foods containing a certain type of polyphenols, elagitannos. To carry out this work the main techniques used have been Western-blot for protein expression analysis, flow cytometry for studies of the cell cycle and HPLC-MS-MS for metabolism studies. The resutados obtained show that certain polyphenols in the diet are able to induce apoptosis in human lines celaleeres cancerous and not in normal human cell lines by normal human so that they could attach an anticarcinogenic effect. Apoptótico The effect was accompanied by a decrease in proliferation and an arrest of cilo. The in-depth study of this apoptótico led us to determine that this was produced by the mitochondrial or intrinsic way. The study of the biological activity of the metabolistos generated in vivo by the rich foods elagitaninos led us to discover a possible estrogen / antiestrogenic of these metabolites.

Author: AVILA ARRIBAS MARTA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA AGRARIA Y ALIMENTARIA (INIA).

Summary: The lactic acid bacteria are a major source of proteinases, and peptidases enzymes catabolizan amino acids, that transform the components of curd in precursor compounds or directly responsible for the sensory characteristics of the cheeses. Many of these enzymes are located in the interior of cells, so the lysis induced lactic acid bacteria, which occurs naturally slowly, promote contact between enzymes and substrates and thus may accelerate the development of taste, smell and aroma of cheese. The use of lactic acid producing bacteria bacteriocins and treatments with high pressure, separately and in combination with each other, are two of the strategies that we have studied for increasing lysis strains of high capacity peptidásica during ripening cheese type Hispanic. The use of L. Lactis subsp. Lactis INIA 415, with the structural genes of nisin Z lacticina 481, along with S. Thermophilus, sensitive to them, not delayed acidification cheese type favored Hispanic and lysis of S. Thermophilus and release their enzymes aminopeptidásicos. The action of these enzymes increased the concentration of free amino acids in cheese, which affected positively to the development of flavor during the ripening cheese. The addition of the strain INIA 415 rose, in general, the formation of volatile compounds from the catabolism of amino acids, which in some cases led to a more intense flavor. The treatment of Hispanic cheese type with 400 MPa / 5 min/10Â ° C to 15 d of ripening decreased levels of S. Thermophilus but partially inactive activity aminopeptidásica. The proteolysis primary and secondary education increased by pressurized cheese, but not significantly affect either the quality or the intensity of flavor. The pressurization of cheese produced with L. Lactis subsp. Lactis INIA 415 had a synergistic effect in reducing levels of lactic acid bacteria and inactive mesófilas partially aminopeptidasas, which slowed the proteolysis secondary, compared with the cheese with L. Lactis subsp. Lactis INIA 415 not pressurized. The high pressure decreased the relative abundance of 13 volatile organic compounds, which led to a decline, although not significant, in the scores in the quality and intensity of the smell. We evaluated the effects of milk in eight strains of lactic acid producing bacteria bacteriocins (2 Enterococcus, 1 Lactobacillus and 5 Lactococcus), Lactobacillus helveticus LH 92, a crop of high activity peptidolítica. The behavior of Lb. Helveticus in mixed cropping was highly variable, depending on the strain and the inoculum concentration of employees with different patterns acidification and proteolysis values activity aminopeptidásica free cells. Producers lacticina 481 (L. lactis subsp. Lactis INIA 623, INIA 639 and INIA 640) and the producer plantaricina (Lb. plantarum INIA 684) released the increased activity aminopeptidásica intracellular Lb. Helveticus. By adding L. Lactis subsp. Lactis INIA 639, producer lacticina 481, in the development of Hispanic cheese type, along with L. Lactis subsp. Lactis INIA 437, not producing bacteriocins, and the cultivation of Lb. Helveticus is optimized sequence of growth and lysis of cultivating Lb. Helveticus, increasing the release of intracellular peptidases without compromising acid production. The combination of these three crops led to a more rapid development of proteolysis and the taste of cheese, with a reduction in scores bitterness, and accelerated training of some key volatile compounds in the aroma of some 8 range 342 is cheese. These compounds positively correlated with the quality and intensity of flavor, which were significantly higher when the producer lacticina 481 was included in the starter culture.

Author: ABÁSOLO BAZ DANIEL-EMILIO.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE ING. DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. DE ING. DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN.

Summary: The analysis of the signals generated by the physiological systems may help clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Typically, specialists analyze these signals through a visual inspection, very complex and, to some extent, subjective. In addition, certain characteristics present in the signal could not be detected in this way. Therefore, the development of tools that facilitate the doctors that work would be particularly useful. In our research we have looked at the sign of electroencephalogram (EEG), which records the electrical activity produced by neurons in the brain. It is assumed that major disorders of the central nervous system are translated into different brain electrical activity that eventually will be reflected in this biomedical signal. In fact, one of the main values of EEG is the detection of brain pathologies. Because of this, we have focused on the analysis of the basis of EEG activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The EA is a neurodegenerative disease that is considered the leading cause of dementia in the Western world. Although definitive diagnosis is only possible through necropsy (microscopic analysis of the patient's brain after death), in everyday clinical practice, we have to differentiate this disease from other dementias. Despite changes in the EEG of patients with AS have reflected a slowdown in the activity fund, the diagnostic value of this test is limited. The non-linearity is a feature that is present in multiple physiological signals. For a neural network as the brain appears even at the cellular level, the behavior of neurons. This means that neurons in the brain do not follow a completely random, but they have a collective behavior sensitive to initial conditions. In fact, it has been demonstrated that the methods of non-linear analysis can provide important information about the dynamics registered in cortical EEG signals. Therefore, we have approached the study of the basis of EEG activity in patients with AD and control subjects with various methods of non-linear analysis. The methods used have been entropías spectral approximate sample and multiple scales, auto mutual information, the measure of central tendency from diagrams of second-order differences, the analysis of trends and fluctuations without the complexity of Lempel- Ziv. The entropías spectral rough estimate regular sample data sets, while at multiple scales entropy is a measure of the complexity obtained to quantify the information contained in the physiological dynamics for different scales. The auto information evaluates mutual dependencies statistics linear and nonlinear in a time series and the measure of central tendency measure of the variability of a signal. Moreover, the analysis of trends without fluctuations provides information about the relationship of scale and correlations in time series. Finally, the complexity of Lempel - Ziv is a measure of the complexity of a signal. The methods selected were conveniently modified and adapted to the study of EEG to evaluate its usefulness in analyzing this type of biomedical signal. All of them, except for the spectral entropy and the measure of central tendency, reflected significant differences between the two groups in some electrodes. These results suggest that Alzheimer's disease results in a more regular basis of EEG and less complex, especially in the electrodes located on the back of the head. Ultimately, the Doctoral Thesis have adapted various methods of non-linear analysis with the aim of studying the basis of EEG activity and have suggested several techniques useful to differentiate the electrical activity of brain control subjects and patients with the 8 EA . Nues 3b4 tros results suggest that the analysis of non-linear dynamics of EEG in patients with AD may provide useful information for clinical diagnosis difficult, as well as allow for a better understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms of the disease.

Author: Ruiz Toral Antonio.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Química.
Place of preparation: Universidad de Murcia.

Summary: In this Doctoral Thesis has carried out the design and modeling of a reactor tank continuous ultrafiltration. It has selected two different enzyme systems: beta-galactosidasa/o-nitrofenil-beta-D-galactopiranósido and L-aminoacilasa/N-acetil-DL-butirina, the first of which was without deactivation and presenting the second thermal deactivation. To achieve this overall objective, has been characterized both enzyme systems and have been calculated kinetic parameters involved. Subsequently there has been a comprehensive study of ultrafiltration system, in which testing has analyzed the behavior of enzymes L-aminoacilasa and beta-galactosidasa being recirculadas through ultrafiltration module. Finally, trials have been conducted with the reactor ultrafiltration in which it has studied the influence of operating variables: flow of food / permeated substrate concentration in food and concentration of enzyme. Based on what he had observed in the tests with and without reaction has been enunciated assumptions and has developed a mathematical model of the behavior of the reactor ultrafiltration. This model has been validated by checking with the experimental results obtained and the values of the parameters involved in the model have been corroborated by applying statistical tools.

Author: GULLON BLANCO SONIA.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA. UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO.

Summary: Estefimicina belongs to a group of policétidos called anthracyclines which also belong doxorubicin and daunorrubicina used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Estefimicina do not have a prominent biological activity, however this molecule has a number of structural features that are not present in other anthracyclines and make it attractive to the study of genes involved in biosynthesis estefimicina to contribute to the generation of new types of derivatives anthracycline, with a potential antitumor activity, through combinatorial biosynthesis. In this paper we describe the cloning and sequencing of the gene implicated in the grouping biosynthesis estefimicina in S. Steffisburgensis. Both the heterologous expression of some genes involved in the biosynthesis estefimicina and gene inactivation of some of them, has identified three middlemen in the path of biosynthesis estefimicina well as establish the sequence of reactions biosintéticas taking place during the biosynthesis estefimicina. The fundamental objective for the future is the use of information obtained from the genes for biosynthesis estefimicina to contribute to the generation of new derivatives through combinatorial biosynthesis.

Author: González Rodríguez Ángel Gaspar.
Year: 2005.
University: SEVILLA.
Place of defense: Escuela Superior de Ingenieros.
Place of preparation: E.S.I.- Dep. de Ingeniería Eléctrica.

Summary: The work raises the improvement of the soft start of a wind turbine speed fixed. Currently, the start of this kind of wind turbines is performed following the same strategy as in the boot of the engines, limiting the intensity during the transitional conexión.Este paper presents a new approach to the design of the controller soft starter generator induction of wind turbines. The new control strategy is proposed that focuses on maintaining tension in the common point of connection within regulatory limits, rather than limiting the intensity circulating during the transitional connection as now, with a focus on startup the induction motors. In fact, this reformulation of the problem opens the door for the design of controllers on a new footing, better adapted to the operating conditions of the generators. It has been used to model the third order to describe the dynamic response of the induction generator during the transitional boot. It has been demonstrated, both from a theoretical point of view and through an extensive battery of simulations, which reduced this model is suitable for the analysis of the dynamics of a wind turbine startup and that its use allows for a rough description, but analytical, and sufficiently precise dynamics induction generator. As a result of the new vision that stems from the analytical approach to the problem, has designed a new closed-loop controller, based on the techniques of slip (in fact, a family of controllers) geared to the specific requirements of the operation of generator induction. We have studied the stability of the new driver, tried out its operation in a wide range of simulation scenarios. It has been proved that supports compares favorably with the blueprints open-loop or even improved versions in closed loop with carateristica IP. As a result, it has been fully demonstrated improved soft start induction generator. Last but not least, there has been a structural analysis simplified the blades of the wind turbine designed to establish relations that bind the constant inertia of the rotor of a wind turbine with the length and weight of the blades . As a result of this analysis were obtained and tested a series of rough relations that describe the constant inertia depending on the power of the turbine rotor diameter.

Author: ORTIZ SOSA LOURDES MARITZA.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S. INGENIEROS TELECOMUNICACIONES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. ING. TELECOMUNICACIONES.

Summary: In recent research domains such as "Information Systems," identifies weaknesses in the definition of topics, methods and philosophy own, which has a negative impact on the development of research associated with Training Programs University. In an attempt to solve this situation is hopeless consider input from the Management of Research and Knowledge Management in its specific application to academic institutions, which led to pose as a major goal for this project, the proposal for a Model Managing Academic Research (GIA). The development of the research was done through a methodology consisting of a desk study, an empirical study qualitative / quantitative, a design phase of the proposed objective of the model and finally validation and implementation of the proposed model. As a result of this investigation, in addition to the Model GIA, it was considered important the study of the current state of research in Information Systems, validating the GIA Model and its application in Spain and Venezuela. The findings of this project was directed both to the analysis of his development as an analysis of the results found limitations and possible future research giving rise to lines of research in development. KEYWORDS: Research Management, Knowledge Management, Information Systems.

Author: ALVAREZ RUEDA ROBIN GERARDO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S.DE ING. DE TELECOMUNICACION.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE COMUNICACION.

Summary: This dissertation deepens in the study of cortical electrical signal (EEG) and the changes in their properties stochastic related to the level of alert subjects for use in applications where it is needed, estimating that level a wide margin, since states of arousal to sleepiness. In particular, it focuses on the study of the variability in intra-and inter whose systematic analysis in the literature is very low, almost non-existent, to get screening criteria universal as possible, which is a prerequisite for use in applications such as driving vehicles and other risk occupations that require alertness and maintained sufficient. It has developed a wireless instrumentation system for integration into a device that can be fully and comfortably on the head of the subject, which operates in real time and provides an estimate of the level of alert every 10 seconds, which can be used to permanently know the changing state of alert, or when the state fire alarms franquea limits drowsiness or predetermined level of alert.

Author: LOPEZ DEL CASTILLO MARIA PILAR.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S.I. TELECOMUNICACION.
Place of preparation: E.T.S.I. TELECOMUNICACION.

Summary: The flat panel displays have absorbed the progressive sector of the image in all its areas. Mobile phones, GPS navigators, computers and television are among the most glaring examples of its unstoppable progress. The liquid crystal is a major factor in commercial sizes up to 42 inches. This thesis focuses on technology LCD mixtures antiferroeléctricas (AFLCs). Among its most striking properties highlights the speed of response, much higher than in the nemáticos of current applications, thanks to the door to the schemes passive matrix. They are characterized by not specifying in electronic capacitors and transistors associated with each pixel to store and display the information. Instead use natural transmission glass with a voltage of typical maintenance equipment, to all levels of gray. The magnitude of the response times of AFLCs is on the order of microseconds, being lower in conmu!

Author: PALACIOS ESCALONA JUAN PABLO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: ETSIT.
Place of preparation: ETSIT-UPM.

Summary: The success of the 'Information Society' has produced an exponential growth of digital information that is published daily on the Web. The tasks of search, retrieval and integration of information are becoming increasingly difficult because of the heterogeneous character who introduced contenio of data sources. The difficulty of these tasks is further exacerbated when you need to know the meaning of the information handled, which should take into account the context in which this information is framed. In this sense, the ontologies play a key role and now is the best way (conceptual and instrumental) to investigate and define a formal model of a particular domain, to be shared by different data sources. But these conceptual tools can not be understood in isolation, the overall knowledge of a domain is achieved through the integration of the different conceptual models exist on that domain. From these points of view are based origins of this dissertation. Frame within a domain undeniable historical value and functional for today's society, as are the Digital Archives; contributes to the development of new models specific to this ontological domain and defines a conceptual model for the unification of these ontologies specific semantics. Opening a new reference to a 'future' access global information archival documentary.

Author: SARASOLA SÁNCHEZ-CASTILLO RAFAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE ING. DE C.C. Y PUERTOS.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS.

Summary: The fire is not only harming the image of the company, but also brings great economic losses, severe damage to the environment, cessation of the activities, and could affect the safety of human lives. Industries today continue on the path of expansion and changes, which make managing the risk of fire is increasingly complex. Many ecological disasters have joined or are associated with the chemical industry, but let us not forget that other activities or industries, also stored hazardous chemicals or materials that apparently are not dangerous, but are associated with fires. Therefore it is necessary to identify those sectors or activities that have a potentially serious risk. It should also make it clear that not only the fire caused damage to the environment, but that the operations of extinction or own protective measures, also generate impacts. The possibility of fire in a waste water treatment plant due to their treatment processes, equipment used, materials, poor handling, and so on. May cause some potential risks. In general, the greatest risk of fires and explosions are for the collection and pumping operations, generation and utilization of biogas, although risks can be generated in other lines. It is true that the risk reduction is achieved with good ventilation, but it also involves some risk of fire, if not met a number of requirements related to the fire behavior of the components and security, which prevents the spread fire and / or smoke through the ducts to other parts of the premises, so the vents and exhaust fumes should ensure: strength and stability to the fire, not issuing flammable gases, and not of heat. As a solution to the spread of fire through the vents appears the concept of sectorization of the ducts in terms of the spread of fire. The channels of steel sheets, they can warp or break in case of fire, and communicate the fire to other areas. Among the protective measures, which are normally used in purification plants, contains the active protection such as: automatic sprinklers, suppression systems chemistry, hydrants, portable extinguishers. While it is true, these systems help control the fire, or suppress it. While passive protection systems is a technique which is based on the protection combustible coating, which improves the fire resistance of components and in turn, retard the injurious effects of fire on structural elements, ventilation systems, facilities electrical systems, pipes, valves, etc.. A fire and / or explosion in a sewage plant could bring full or partial paralysis of the sewage plant with high economic costs, and also serious consequences for the environment and people's health. The risk analysis conducted to purification plants studied, we found that the risk that exists in the line of mud and biogas production is classified as a major risk. And the result of the economic risk was calculated between 1040171, 01 and 2297045, 40 euros. The shutdown of the plant likely was estimated between 40 to 70 days. The risk in the area of gas storage is considered an intermediate risk. The result would be economic risk of 325514, 35 euros and the likely shutdown of the process was estimated at 20 days. The risk in the area of utilization of biogas risk is important. The likely stop the production was determined in 40 days and the result of the economic risk would be 915835, 75 euros. In order to integrate the prevention and protection against incendi 8 or, ba abc is the separation or controlling hazards in special areas at greatest risk, has explored the possibility of protecting gas pipelines, cables and trays duct systems, using material facts based calcium silicate, which are fire resistant materials, corrosion and environmental climate. The channels built with a base plate of calcium silicate were 52 mm and 60 mm thick. These channels have been armed vents for ventilation vertical and horizontal fire both for internal and external fire the channel. The conduits tested 52 mm vertical and horizontal ventilation to fire inside, have stood the test of fire to maintain the integrity and isolation as marking the Rules in question for 120 minutes, and are classified according to standard prEN 13501-3: 2003 , as follows: EI 120 (Go i --> o) through vertical and EI 120 (h i --> o) for horizontal channels. The conduits tested 60 mm horizontal and vertical ventilation for fire outside, have stood the test of fire to maintain the integrity and isolation as marking the Rules in question for 180 minutes, and are classified according to standard prEN 13501-3: 2003 , as follows: EI 180 (see or --> i) - S conduit vertical and EI 180 (h or --> i) - S for horizontal channels. The conduit for horizontal ventilation fire outside 52 mm for protection through sheet metal, has resisted the fire area of 120 minutes, and was classified according to the abovementioned standard as EI 120 (h or --> i) - S. According to the results obtained in this investigation, is proposed as a corrective measure the protection of gas pipelines, construction of the vents and extraction, with a base plate made of calcium silicate it has good resistance to fire, in order to minimize or eliminate the risk of fire in areas vulnerable to fire.

Author: Vega Báez Luis Alfredo.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE ING. DE C.C. Y PUERTOS.
Place of preparation: ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos.

Summary: The car has been one of the engines of economic and social development experienced in the last century. Their presence has facilitated the development of large tracts of land to which it was not possible to agree on public transport, but the increase in speed, the provision of more road infrastructure and reducing their costs, mainly, have facilitated the dispersal of the activities and population, which increasingly more travel, greater distances and more used car. But the car does not only cover large distances, several studies suggest that this mode is used daily for short trips, which ideally could be made in ways such as cycling, public transport and even on foot. In Europe, for example, more than 50% of car trips are for distances of less than 8.0 km and of these, more than half are less than 3.0 km, distances that could be covered in these alternative modes and costs economic and environmental lower. The vision in front of the car is contradictory: individual is perceived as a more convenient, safe, fast and cheap and hence its high demand, but for the whole social and especially in dense areas, the car is less efficient and more costly the other modes, as shown in the use of energy, space, the emission of pollutants, accidents, noise and the barrier effect, for instance. Considering that must take precedence "general interest" required actions and strategies to avoid these imbalances, promote environmental protection, economic development and contribute to foster equity and social inclusion. This thesis, taking into account the assumptions set forth and considering the travel time, the budget of time and costs as the most important variable in the election mode in dense areas, provides a methodology for identifying potential travel transferable from the car and to determine from the viewpoint of society, the benefits to be obtained from modal split consistent with the true costs. The quantification and valuation methodology is based on changes in the characteristics and magnitude manners and the impacts these changes generate over socio-economic costs and in particular, externalities such as accidents, noise, emissions cleaner or the greenhouse effect.

Author: Laget Hannes.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: E.T.S.de Ingenieros Industriales.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales.

Summary: Due to environmental regulations and facilitated by the development of electronic control of motors, in recent years many researchers have focused their work towards the detection and diagnosis of faults in internal combustion engines alternative. For its ease of implementation and its sensitivity fault compression and combustion, the instantaneous measured in cigà ¼ eñal constitutes a solid basis for an algorithm for detection and diagnosis of faults in MCIA. In this Doctoral Thesis, proposes two methods for diagnosing faults based on the analysis of instantaneous. The first technique is based on the evaluation of the instantaneous rate without having a mathematical model of the engine, and evaluates the characteristics of the spectrum of the signal. The second algorithm is based on an energy model of the engine. By processing the dynamics of the engine at the angle domain, filtered variations in operating conditions such as the degree of burden and the system average. It follows a failure rate dimensionless for the evaluation of the process of compression and combustion of each of the cylinders. Failure rates proposed by both methods are used for the detection and identification of faults or compression combustion by assessing a threshold decision or application of a more complex algorithm decision. Finally, as an application of the algorithms developed are studied in a vacuum engine working on the possibility of expanding the capacity of diagnosing faults of some of the tests commonly used in periodic reviews within a predictive maintenance plan. It gets as main conclusion that the rate of power failure rate is a robust and easy to diagnose engine in transient conditions.

Author: Riera Terrén Daniel.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeries (UAB).
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA.