TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES (4)

Author: Salla García Javier.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciències de la Comunicació.
Place of preparation: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Author: Vilariño Freire Fernando.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Centre de Visió per Computador.
Place of preparation: Dpt. Ciències de la Computació, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona.

Author: RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ ISABEL.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The bacteriófago A2 infects strains of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei, and its morphological characteristics, is included in the family Siphoviridae since their virions are made up cápsida icosaédrica of protein nature and a long tail, flexible and non-contractile. Its genome consists of a double-chain DNA 43411 base pairs with extreme cohesive 3 'outstanding. It distinguished 61 orfs that are grouped into functional modules. During the translation of three genes phage A2 is a phenomenon of displacement on the part of the ribosomes to the pattern of reading -1, which results in the production of two proteins from each of them. Two of these genes, orf5 and orf10, are responsible for encoding proteins majority of the cápsida and tail, respectively. In these cases, the translation in the pattern -1 resulting in a product larger than reflected in the pattern canonical. The other case occurs in the gene cro, leading to protein Cro, a regulator of the entry phage lytic cycle in the virus. In this case, the protein resulting from the translation in the pattern -1 is typically smaller than the product of the pattern 0. The bacteriófago A2 is the first agency in which describes more than one case of a change of pattern of reading.

Author: FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ YOLANDA.
Year: 2005.
University: OBERTA DE CATALUÑA [www.uoc.edu].
Place of defense: E.P.S.DE INGENIERIA DE GIJON.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERIA ELECTRICA.

Summary: This thesis falls under the Holography Conoscópica (HC), which is a technique for non-contact measurement used in the quality control of industrial processes. The Holography Conoscópica is an interferometric technique that uses lluz incoherent and based on the properties of birrefringencia the crystals uniáxicos. In the sensor FLongStandoff Line, which can get up to 0.2 mm to 1200 mm resolution and distance with 320 mm opening. Using this sensor can get an accurate surface defects on a wide variety of materials and configurations of surfaces. The work of the thesis has focused on solving major problems that limit the areas of applicability of this sensor: processing speed and reducing noise at interferogramas. Regarding the processing speed, the thesis explores fast algorithms based techniques for Weight Phase Interferometry (PSI), which helps reduce the computational burden required by several orders of magnitude. The algorithms are already known propose alternatives best suited to the problem, and is conducting a study of all of them on interferogramas synthetic to analyze their behavior in terms of speed and robustness to noise and errors. Thus, the thesis developed in specific implementations of algorithms ISPs least squares with weights and frecuenciales and analyze all algorithms on the influence of gaussian noise and speckle, and the problems of distance and high gradients of poor selection lines. As for the filtering interferogramas, explores different filters robust orientacionales for comparison from the point of view of computational complexity. Based on Gabor filters used so far, are performed developments in several fields: -Filtros based holograms singles. It was proposed as an alternative derivatives directional gaussianas, which are separable and deformable algorithms which can be performed with much greater speed. It compares the results of these algorithms with other known: Gabor wavelet-based. In addition, alternatives are proposed rapid processing (DPS, OSD, SV / OSD) and a new method of maximum power locally for the reconstruction of hologram from the filtrates. Filters - based components phase. They develop in the new schemes thesis filtering using only the components of a sequence of phase holograms, which reduces the computational burden considerably. The thesis proposes a filtering multiorientación and multirresolución based on the components of fase.y are studying their behavior before noise spckle and gaussian. Finally, develop and buy various methods of deployment of two-dimensional stage, allowing for enhanced robustness of the results against the deployment dimensional that has been implemented. The thesis is completed with practical examples of application of the techniques developed on real cases, among which stands out the inspection surface in continuous casting slabs. It also examines and analyzes the hardware necessary for the acquisition and procesamietno of phase; defining an optimal solution for hardware processing mediatne designing a card small, compact and economical, whose processing is based on FPGAs and DSPs last generation.

Author: GARCIA FERNANDEZ PABLO.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: E. P S. DE INGENIERIA DE GIJON.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERIA ELECTRICA.

Summary: The thesis examines techniques for estimating the position of the rotor in three-phase alternating machines based on tracking asymmetries space dependent on the position of the rotor. It explores the principles, both electromagnetic mechanics involved in generating asymmetries. It developed a mathematical model to describe the asymmetries commonly present in the different types of machine, and the coupling of these asymmetries with variable electric terminals -accesibles- of stator. It discusses different types of variables that can be used electricity, and establishing appropriate metric for quantifying the quality of these signals and allowances end of the control system. It introduced new methods of signal processing based on neural networks structured to improve current techniques. Tracing asymmetries space will also allow the detection of abnormalities (failures) in the machine. They show differences existing techniques, starting with the / s Variable / s electrical selected to reach digital processing necessary to make the diagnosis. It proposes new techniques based on tracking asymmetries, valid tatno machines controlled from investor as connected to the network, and introducing new ways of processing the signal based on neural networks of varying complexity.

Author: ARBELÁEZ JARAMILLO CÉSAR AUGUSTO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep.Ingenieria de la Construccion.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The technique of prestressing concrete using armor pretesas is widespread in the industry precast concrete. This technique involves tesar armor prior to concreted element, proceeding to destesado once the concrete has reached a certain resistance to the effort of prestressing introduced in the armor is transferred by adhesion, the concrete. The behavior adherent of the armor pretesas comprises two phenomena: transmission of prestressing of the armature and concrete anchor of the armature. This behavior is characterized by adherent two lengths: length of transmission and length of anchorage. The proper design of these lengths is a basic and fundamental aspect in the draft prestressing concrete prefabricated elements to ensure on the one hand, the proper transmission of prestressing and, secondly, to allow the docking of the armor along the life of structural element. There has been a review of the scientific literature on the parameters that influence the behavior adherent on trial techniques and expressions that quantifying these lengths. It has developed a pilot program to analyze the influence of parameters related to the dosage of concrete in the lengths of transmission and anchor cords of steel pretensar has been applied the test method ECADA. With this method are performed sequentially operations transmission of prestressing solicitation of anchoring the armor. The lengths of transmission and anchorage are determined from control of the force supported by the armor testing series of test tubes with different lengths adherents. From the methodological point of view has been proposed to distinguish the concepts of length of anchor without slipping and sliding with length of anchor. Moreover has studied the relationship of the parameters dosing with tension adherent and landslides during the process of handling anchorage.

Author: CONCHESO ALVAREZ ALEJANDRO.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE MINAS DE OVIEDO.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE MINAS DE OVIEDO.

Summary: The report entitled New carbon anodes for lithium ion batteries derived from coal and oil, which is presented as Doctoral Thesis contains some important results. Have been developed, derived from coal (coal tar pitch) and oil (coke, waste oil refining), carbon materials for use as anode in lithium ion batteries, which in some cases have energy storage capacities higher than commercial. These materials do not grafíticos have two serious problems that hinder its commercial use, bad ciclabilidad and high initial irreversibility. In this work we have applied treatments oxidative stabilization, oxidation (air and hydrogen peroxide), carbon reservoir pirolítico and addition of inorganic compounds that, in general, improve stability and, in some cases, reduce the irreversibility during the initial cycling galvanostático. The topic is of great interest, since the lithium ion batteries have their principal application in portable electronic equipment high consumption, but in the future it is expected the construction of larger batteries for use in hybrid vehicles, which help to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Moreover, the use of derivatives and coal wastes from petroleum refining to obtain materials with high added value, has economic interest, both for the upgrade and return them, and from an environmental point of view, for reuse.

Author: LOPEZ GOMEZ MARIA ESPERANZA.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.DE ING.DE MINAS DE OVIEDO.
Place of preparation: ES CUELA TEC NICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE MINAS DE OVIEDO.

Summary: The report titled Synthesis of colloidal nanostructured matrix composites of alumina and aluminum using alcóxido zirconium, which is presented as Doctoral Thesis is a research work on two kinds of composite materials obtained using colloidal processing, a metal matrix that has been precipitated particles intermetálicas of ZrAl3 and other ceramic matrix with a second phase dispersed nano-circona. By this method of processing is achieved to obtain a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles, difficult to obtain through other processing methods and can be found changing the brink of grain in a way that achieves preserve caractéristicas outstanding from each parent but with mechanical properties superior to the corresponding arrays. These materials are suitable for application in two very different fields: in the field of biomaterials for the system alúmina-circona and in the field of transport system in the case of aluminum intermetálico ZrAl3. Equally noteworthy is conducting various studies with advanced techniques for characterizing both in the field of synthesis of raw materials, processing and mechanical characterization. In the case of matrix material with aluminum highlights proof Small Punch Test implemented for metals when the size of the sample is small. In both materials has been achieved obtain composite materials with second phases in the range nano using alcóxido zirconium as a precursor. In the case of materials alúmina-circona has shown how small amounts of phases in the range nano may affect all of the mechanical properties. And with regard to what aluminum matrix composite, is the first work to be done in this area, making obtain nanoparticles of intermetálico ZrAl3 in the matrix of aluminum and differentiate on two methods of forming the cold isostatic pressing and the unixial hot.

Author: SUAREZ IGLESIAS OCTAVIO.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUIMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUIMICAS.

Summary: In paragraph pilot, identified difusividades binary infinite dilution to seven derivatives bencénicos in supercritical carbon dioxide and four other wide range of compositions of the mixture of carbon dioxide + ethanol. The method used was the chromatographic technique of Taylor-Aris, as in other dissertations precedents, and the data have been compared with several predictive equations from the literature. The theoretical aspect was conducted a extensísima compilation literature on prediction methods and correlation coefficients autodifusión, spread to concentration finite binary, binary spread to the infinite dilution and solute diffusion multi analyzing the limitations of each method. Of all these theoretical models or semiempíricos were chosen best to develop your own.

Author: GÓMEZ MOUTÓN CONCEPCIÓN.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO NACIONAL DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CENTRO NACIONAL DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA.

Summary: Cell migration is a critical stage in various physiological processes such as embryogenesis, angiogenesis, or the immune response. Deregulation of the program of cell migration can lead to diseases such as metastatic tumor or chronic inflammation. Generally, for the cells can migrate need to acquire a polarized phenotype. The acquisition of polarity consists on the one hand in a process of morphological polarization, in which the cell pdesarrolla two extremes, the face of progress in the region earlier and urópodo in the post. Moreover, there is a polarization that is functional in the selective distribution of molecules at the head forward and to urópodo acquiring each pole cell-specific functionality. The aim of this thesis has been to deepen the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the polarization functional mammalian cells, and mainly during leukocyte chemotactic response. One hypothesis departure was considered that the mechanisms operating in cells polarized constitutivamentye are the same as those that control the polarization of cells in response to quimiotrayentes, such as leukocytes. In cells with constitutive polarity, such as epithelial cells and neurons, have been proposed as the micrdominios raft platforms for the distribution selective cellular proteins to specific regions. We addressed it the selective distribution of membrane proteins between raft and raft could not have a functional role once the cells acquire a polarized phenotype. The objectives of the thesis was to analyze the polarization of the rafts during cell migration, to study the composition of those domains and the mechanisms involved in their redeployment, identify new intracellular signals involved in the polarization and migration of leukocytes, as well as study the role of the rafts as centers organizers of the intracellular signaling processes during chemiotactic. The work was developed by analyzing the distribution of rafts by immunofluorescence techniques, which enabled us to see that leukocytes secrete two subtypes of rafts on both cellular poles, L-rafts based GM3 that accumulate in the front of advancement, and the U - rafts based GM1 that accumulate in the urópodo. In addition, through techniques vídeomicroscopía confocal in real time, we analyzed the distribution dynamics rafts during the process of chemo, as well as different functional molecules in this process such as receivers quimioquinas and route signs of PI3K. Finally, by testing two new hybrids are seeking to interaccionaran with protein receptor quimioquinas, and found the protein binding to actin filamina a., which can function as an adapter in the structural and functional organization of the cytoskeleton induced by quimioatrayentes. The experimental results enabled us to assign to microdominios membrane raft a key role in the process of polarization and cell migration, and propose a model in which the distribution of rafts locate receivers chemiotactic specifically at the front of anvance cell, which restricts signaling that is fired as a result of their activation. Domains rafts participate in the organization by both space and the amplification of the signal during the chemo.

Author: JIMÉNEZ BARANDA SONIA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO NACIONAL DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CENTRO NACIONAL DE BIOTECNOLOGIA.

Author: Cebollero Presmanes Eduardo.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales.

Summary: The process of preparing the champagne provides a minimum statutory 9 months of aging the wine in contact with the levadurasque have made the second fermentation. During this time the yeast undergo a process autolisis, which released components of the cellular degradation wine give part of their distinctive characteristics. The autolisis is directly related to the quality of the wines obtained generally better quality wines obtained the greater the tiepo contact came in contact with yeast, and thus greater return on autolisis. In this thesis is building a second industrial yeast fermentation with a phenotype autolisis accelerated by applying the technology of genetic engineering. To that end, it became a commercial layer with a mutant allele, causing deregulation of the autofagia, a process of cell degradation, which was demonstrated in this thesis take place under the conditions of preparing the champagne. The yeasts released from a greater concentration of amino acids and lost biomass faster than their respective controls, which is indicative of a autolisis accelerated.

Author: Arroyo Moreno Germán.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: E.S.I.Informática y de Telecomunicaciones.
Place of preparation: Universidad de Granada.

Summary: This paper has presented a method for defining lights virtual volumes to generate a display of the same expressive. These lights can be combined on the basis of functional programming and lambda calculus, in a way that can generate a simple conduit for the user and the programmer to generate images of artwork on volumes. In addition they have developed several methods for obtaining silhouettes, both in pictures and in volumes.

Author: López Herrera Antonio Gabriel.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática.

Summary: The IR can be defined as the problem of selection of information in response to queries or requests for information by a user. The Information Retrieval Systems (CRS) are a class of information systems dealing with databases consist of documents and processing user queries allowing them access to the relevant information in an appropriate time interval. These rulings are formal consultations through which the user express their information needs and are usually expressed through a query language. Most of the SRI trade are based on Boolean model, and presents limitations to manage the information vague, imprecise and subjective that appears in the interaction with users in the process of search. To solve this problem are being developed based SRI Techniques Sets Difusos. Within these, the most flexible and the most ease of interaction usuario-sistema offer CRS are based on fuzzy information lingüstica diffuse. These are designed using the concept of variable lingüstica to better represent the qualitative information and query languages are weighted lingüsticos that improve the interaction SRI-usuario. These languages consultation on the one hand, increase the likelihood of expression of users because they can assign weights to the terms of the consultations indicating relative importance or thresholds of satisfaction, and on the other, make it easy for users expressing their information needs because they can express through the weights own values lingüsticos more human language. Various models have been proposed for SRI lingüsticos using an approximation lingüstica diffuse ordinal which facilitates the expression and processing the weights of the consultations. The main limitations of previous SRI lingüsticos are: i) loss of precision and information on the processes of computation, ii) the use of aggregation operators and evaluation functions of poor performance and iii) the inability to deal with information lingüstica not balanced. The former SRI to establish the weights in terms of the consultations, often assume a set of labels symmetrical and evenly spaced around the central tag, setting the same level of discrimination on both sides of it. Using information lingüstica unbalanced, the user could increase the level of discrimination against one of these sides. ------------- Objectives The objective of the work developed in this report is further improving CRS designed using modeling techniques lingüstico diffuse, with a view to improve interaction usuario-SRI, as assessment processes queries performed such systems. To do this, apply a known representation of fuzzy information, the model lingüstico diffuse 2-tupla, and propose new mechanisms for consultations and assessment will define a new model for managing information lingüstica unbalanced with which developing an SRI lingüstico not balanced improve the possibilities of expression. The overall aim is broken down into the following sub: i) Review of SRI lingüsticos and modeling techniques of information. Ii) Diseñaremos new models of SRI using different approaches lingüsticas: model SRI lingüstico 2-tupla, model SRI lingüstico no-balanceada. Iii) develop techniques to improve the evaluation of user queries: new evaluation functions (matching functions) to interpret the various semantic (threshold, quantitative ...), new operators of aggregation of information lingüstica more flexible. Iv) Assessment of the various proposals with respect to other SRI proposed in the literature.

Author: PUGA SÁNCHEZ JUAN LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: Today it is clear the importance that the company attaches to the protection of the environment. The university can not ignore this protection. Moreover, you must take the lead in efforts to minimize the environmental impact of their activities, becoming a paradigm of sustainable development. Of all the environmental management tools that enable better protection of the environment, which was considered most likely to operate and offered better performance was the environmental management system. However, we find the lack of models tailored to specific organizations such as the Centers for Higher Education. At this point boots thesis, development of a model for environmental management system, taking those elements that might be of interest to international models developed (ISO 1004 and EMAS), allowing optimal control of environmental management that performed at the Center. Once developed the model, was developed to detect and verify its operation and its main strengths and weaknesses, which is the hard core of this investigation, so that the result would be a model that would prove that it works properly and that is applicable a Center for Higher Education of similar characteristics.

Author: VERGARA TINOCO ALEXANDER.
Year: 2005.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: E.T.S.DE INGENIERIA.
Place of preparation: ETSE.

Summary: One of the major problems in gas sensing systems that use metal oxide devices is the lack of reproducibility, stability and selectivity. In order to tackle these troubles experienced with metal oxide gas sensors, different strategies have been developed in parallel. Some of these are related to the improvement of materials, or the use of sample conditioning and pre-treating methods. Other widely used techniques include taking benefit of the unavoidable partially overlapping sensitivities by using sensor arrays and pattern recognition techniques or the use of dynamic features from the gas sensor response. In the last years, modulating the working temperature of metal oxide gas sensors has been one of the most used methods to enhance sensor selectivity. This occurs because, since, the sensor response is different at different working temperatures, and therefore, measuring the sensor response at n different temperatures is, in some cases, similar to the use of an array comprising n different sensors. This allows for measuring multivariate information from every single sensor and helps in keeping low the dimensionality of the measurement system needed to solve a specific application. Although the good results reported, until now, the selection of the frequencies used to modulate the working temperature remained an empirical process and that is not an accurate method to ensure that the best results are reached for a given application. In view of this context, the principal objective of this doctoral thesis was to develop a systematic method to determine which are the optimal temperature modulation frequencies to solve a given gas analysis problem. This method, which is borrowed from the field of system identification, has been developed and introduced for the first time in the area of gas sensors. It consists of studying the sensor response to gases when the operating temperature is modulated via maximum-length pseudo-random sequences. Such signals share some properties with white noise and, therefore, can be of help to estimate the linear response of a system with non-linearity (e.g., the impulse response of a sensor-gas system). The optimization process is conducted by selecting among the spectral components of the impulse response estimates, the few that better help either discriminating or quantifying the target gases of a given gas analysis application. Since spectral components are directly related to modulating frequencies, the selection of spectral components results in the determination of the optimal temperature modulating frequencies. In the first experiments, pseudo-random binary signals (PRBS) were employed to modulate the working temperature of micro-machined metal oxide gas sensors in a frequency range from 0 up to 112.5 Hz. The upper frequency is slightly higher than the cutoff frequency of the sensor membranes. The outcome of this initial study was that the important modulating frequencies were in the range between 0 and 1 Hz. This is understandable, since the kinetics of reaction and adsorption processes taking place at the sensor surface (i.e., physisorption/chemisorption/ionosorption) are slow and if these are to be altered by the thermal modulation, low frequency modulating signals need to be devised. This explains why low-frequency temperature-modulating signals (i.e. in the mHz range) have been used with micro-hotplate gas sensors, even though the thermal response of their membranes is much faster (typically, near 100 Hz). In the experiments that followed the first ones, an evolved method to determine the optimal temperature modulating frequencies for micro-hotplate gas sensors was introduced, which was based on the use of maximum length multilevel pseudo-random sequences (MLPRS). Multilevel signals were considered instead of the binary ones because the former can provide a better estimate than the latter of the linear dynamics of a process with non-linearity. And it is well known that temperature-modulated metal oxide gas sensors present non-linearity in their response. These systematic studies were fully validate 8 d by syn 692 thesizing multi-sinusoidal signals at the optimal frequencies previously identified using pseudo-random sequences. When the sensors had their operating temperatures modulated by a signal with a frequency content that corresponded to the optimal, the gases and gas mixtures considered could be perfectly discriminated and the building of accurate calibration models to predict gas concentration was found to be possible. In some cases, the validation process was conducted on sensors that had not been used for optimization purposes (e.g. a different sensor array from the same fabrication batch). Summarizing, the new method developed in this thesis for selecting the optimal modulating frequencies is shown to be consistent and effective. The method applies generally and could be used in any gas analysis problem or extended to other type of sensors (e.g. conducting polymer sensors). The scientific contributions of this thesis are collected in four journal papers and thirteen conference proceedings.

Author: Durán Acebedo Cristhian Manuel.
Year: 2005.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: E.T.de Ingeniería.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieria.

Summary: The overall objective of this dissertation work, as its name suggests, is to develop, test and evaluate different strategies to overcome constraints that currently makes electronic systems smell (SDOE) is not used in real-world applications, primarily in applications related to the food industry, which urgently required equipment are features in its production plant. This objective can be divided into three major axes on which is based the work whose results have enabled resolve some major limitations of SDOE: (1) design, construction and evaluation of a prototype for the detection of fungal growth in industrial pastry products . In this first study has been able to determine the degree of effectiveness of different algorithms for selecting variables that have helped dramatically increase the reliability in the response of a system of dedicated electronic nose to detect fungal in baking industry. The methodology developed for this purpose is easily deployable in any other systems implementation of electronic nose. (2) Development of a system for detecting trace amounts of benzene in a stream of CO2. This second work has been aimed at exploring possibilities actual increase in the sensitivity of the sensor semiconductor business in a real application, and interfering with anything under an atmosphere conducive to the operation of such devices as carbon dioxide. This design alternatives have been evaluated based on a process of concentration and thermal desorption, choosing the best result that could well offer and assessing to what extent can be increased sensitivity (and selectivity) of a system of electronic nose by this philosophy. The design has been proposed to increase the sensitivity of the equipment by a factor of 100 to 500 times, being immune from further interfering in concentrations orders of magnitude above the volatile detect, benzene. (3) Design and construction of a system of variable flow in order to increase the selectivity of the sensors semiconductor business for different gaseous species. This third goal includes both the construction and evaluation of the prototype has shown that this strategy can be applied generically to any electronic nose system allowing increased selectivity of any oxide semiconductor sensor tin. The combination of the three previous strategies, which have been tested separately with great success, should help minimize the current limitations of the SDOE. ? Organization of memory: It has been organized to follow the pattern set by the goals. It consists of 5 chapters and an appendix with publications generated during the development of this work. After the introductory chapter, chapter two deals with the detection of fungi in industrial products pastries with a Scent-Mail System. This application serves as an excuse to check the coupling system for selecting variables can significantly improve the functioning of such instruments in agro applications. Chapter Three describes the work carried out with a prototype developed for a real industrial application. It tested different techniques pre-concentración, defines both the configuration as the optimal mode of operation, and assesses the effectiveness of the prototype in a real application. Likewise, in this chapter are tested additional strategies that have been implemented through the prototype design. The third strategy designed to enhance the effectiveness of systems for electronic nose is described fully in chapter 4. It details the secrets of the design and fitting a system of variable flow to a SDOE and the results that have been obtained. Finally, in Chapter 8 chapter 5 44f details the findings obtained after the completion of the studies described in chapters 2, 3 and 4, pointing to where they should continue efforts in the areas of research covered in this dissertation. The annex can be found all publications generated in the course of this work, both the work accepted in the article as Congress sent to international journals.

Author: ROS CHUMILLAS MARÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA [www.upct.es].
Place of defense: E.S.DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRANÓMICA.

Summary: There is a strong trend towards consumption of natural juice (not from concentrate) at its flavor reminiscent of newborn squeezed, so they have to suffer a very gentle pasteurization, and a storage and packaging very careful. That's why, in this thesis several studies have been conducted to find the set of technologies that allow obtain orange juice packaging minimally processed, and with a long life .. It has studied the improved treatment of pasteurization, mainly analyzing the thermal resistance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, because it is one of the key players alterantes of orange juices. To that end, we studied the termorresistencia this yeast in different ways to different conditions of heat and heat treatment (Insulated and non Insulated), and cooling. Moreover, it has developed a method for detecting S. Cerevisiae by extracting DNA from yeast directly from orange juice and its reaction amplification by polymerase chain. It has obtained a quick and easy way to detect possible contamination of orange juice. He also has studied the effect of pH of acid orange juice and heat treatment on the structure of DNA plasmid, yeast and orange juice. Other technological aspects have been aseptic bottling and storage of orange juice packaging under different temperature conditions and various packaging materials. It has become a study of the life of orange juice to determine what type of packaging was the most suitable for the orange juice retained in its best organoleptic characteristics and nutritional along its commercial life. Lastly, there has been industry-wide validation of a technology designed in the Engineering Department of Food and Agricultural Equipment of the UPCT, aseptic storage in large tanks and aseptic packaging of natural orange juice in PET bottles, noting that this set of techniques juice get a higher quality, and allowing for longer storage retaining largely organoleptic qualities and nutritious. Moreover, it has developed a system for controlling the alteration of the orange juice stored in large tanks by aseptic pressure monitoring in the area of head of these storage tanks, allowing the detection process beginning of alteration fermentative juice orange, and thereby avoiding the economic losses caused by this condition. Thus, the thesis has been structured into 9 chapters. Chapter 1 includes a review scientific and technical (background) of the technological aspects of aseptic storage, pasteurization, aseptic packaging and the quality and life of juice natural naranja.Los experimental results obtained during the development of this work was reflected in chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this document. Each is formulated as a scientific paper and consists of sections: Introduction, materials and methods, results and discussion. Additionally includes a chapter on conclusions and another references.

Author: VICTORIA NICOLÁS MARIANO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA [www.upct.es].
Place of defense: ETS DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.

Summary: The objective of the optimization of structures is to get a design, namely a set of values for the variables of design that make a minimum objective function, and satisfy a set of restrictions that are dependent on these variables. The problems of optimization of structures can be divided into three categories: properties, shape, and topology. The development of methods for the optimization of structures has been fairly disorganized as a result of the division of ideas: mathematical programming (MP), optimality criteria (OL), evolutionary structural optimization (ESO), microstructures solid isótropas with penalty (SIMP) , structural optimization based on biological growth (BGSO), the method of contour (LSM), evolutionary computation (EC), and so on. There are different evolutionary methods: evolutionary strategies (ESs), evolutionary programming (EP), genetic programming (GP), and genetic algorithms (GAs), the latter benefiting from a strong theoretical basis, and are biologically better suited. The method of the fixed mesh has been used in problems where the geometry of the object, or physical properties of the body change over time. This paper shows the possibility of using the method as an alternative to fixed grid finite element method conventional to solve problems of elasticity. The main objective of this thesis is to introduce a new procedure, called MFAG, for the optimization of shape and topology of two-dimensional continuous structures. The shape and topology of the structure dependent on a genetic algorithm, which, through the isolines of the problem defines the number, shape and distribution of cavities. The analysis of the structure is done via fixed finite element mesh. The procedure has been implemented into the programming language Fortran 95. The results have been compared with those obtained in the most recent literature (multi-GA, MMA, SIMP, PBO, SCS, etc..), Demonstrating the effectiveness of the procedure, being able to provide quality solutions with well-defined contours, avoiding interpretation of the topology to propose the final design.

Author: PALLARÉS RUBIO LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: The use of supports made of high strength concrete (HAR) both in construction and in civil works is increasing, due to the economy of space that represents the reduction in the size of its cross section and the lowest weight when these structural elements they are prefabricated. The structural types commonly used in building these structural elements are often subject to combined efforts of bi-axial compression and bending. However, now is the conspicuous absence of experimental results in the literature concerning such items. Without experimental data can not be scientifically substantiated or theoretical models of behavior, or methods involved practices and rules necessary to carry out the project of this type of media. The existing methods has been developed for conventional concrete resistance and are not necessarily extrapolated into high strength concretes. To overcome this gap in the understanding of the behavior of carriers HAR has designed a pilot program that provides for the trial of 56 carriers HAR, biarticulados at their ends and subjected to the action of efforts axiles and bending esviada. The primary objectives of this dissertation is therefore threefold: first, to analyze the behavior of carriers HAR subjected to bending esviada, secondly, to verify the current design methods involved, and finally propose a new simplified method design of this kind of media applicable to the resistance range of concrete from the concrete to the conventional high strength. Following the results of 56 experiments conducted in this study were able to contrast the simplified methods found in the literature and in the regulations (EC-2, BS-8110, EHD, CP110, ACI-318). Moreover, it is concluded, among other findings, the great importance that the bending axis is weak on the behavior deformacional and resilient of the piece. That conclusion serves as a basis for the hypothesis proposal for a new simplified method for calculating media slender reinforced concrete subjected to efforts flexo-comprensión bi-axial, very simple and good accuracy, called "Methods of eccentricity dimensionless applied strong bending the shaft. "