TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES (6)

Author: GOUYON FABIEN.
Year: 2005.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POMPEU FABRA.

Summary: This dissertation deals with the musical rhythm. More precisely, trafficking in software that automatically extracted from descriptions rhythmic musical audio signals. We present new algorithms for induction of tempo, the estimated "tatum", the determination of the meter, the estimate of "swing" transformations "swing" and the classification of dance music styles. These algorithms directly processed digitized recordings of acoustic signals of music. The basis of these algorithms are functions of frequency rhythmic: functions that measure the importance of a rhythmic pulse as a function of time (or frequency) thereof, calculated on the basis of physical attributes instant selected to highlight aspects of rhythmic sound. These attributes are calculated at a frequency of our continued on short segments of the audio signal. Our algorithms determine the time and "tatum" music of different genres, with nearly constant tempo, with an accuracy of more than 80% if we do not insist on finding a specific metric level. They identify the meter with an accuracy of 90%, are known levels metric faster. Rank music biale in 8 categories with an accuracy of 80% taking into account only rhythmic aspects of music. Finally, added (or subtracted), the "swing" of musical audio signals automatically, while retaining a quality sound very good. From a more general point of view, is dissertation contributes significantly to the field of computational description of pace: A-In proposing a unifying environment for functional analysis. B-In reviewing the architecture of many existing systems with respect to the functional blocks of this environment. C-organize the first public evaluation of algorithms induction of tempo. D-identify promising research directions, particularly with regard to the selection of the best attributes instant for calculating frequency rhythmic useful functions and the strategy and process to combine multiple sources of information rhythmic.

Author: DIKDAN JAUA MARÍA YSABEL.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE INGE. DE C.C.P..
Place of preparation: E.T.S. DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS.

Summary: Some aspects of urban design and population growth in the world indicate that for 2025 is expected to be more than 4,900 million people living in urban areas, that is more than double that in 1990. Just as there has been large-scale urban growth, in the context of increasing poverty has been similar. In many cases, population growth and poor is compounded by scarce government resources compared to the demands of infrastructure, services, employment, housing, etc.. Inherent in the developed regions. Among the serious problems confronting humanity, the housing is thus one of the most serious presented. To address this problem was adopted in Venezuela in 1989 Policy Act Habitacional (LPH), which seeks to address the housing shortage, consists of the sum of functional deficit, ie the new dwellings required and the structural deficit for the rehabilitation and upgrading of houses in precarious condition. In 1999 amending the law into Subsystem Housing Law and Policy Habitacional (LSVPH) where six programs are established to address not only the city that exists, but new construction required. Given the characteristics of each program, there is a need to assess the results of the implantation of the four programs that represent the largest investment of state resources Lara, in order to identify elements of improvement for each of them. The study has identified the quantitative methodology that enables analysis of the results of the implementation of each program, which makes it necessary to extract certain information directly from those involved, through spreadsheets data compiled necessary information to achieve the objectives set out in the investigation. To this end, interviews are conducted, defined indicators and is verified in the field condition and execution of development programs studied. Thus the assessment and analysis of the results of the implementation of the programs has helped establish recommendations to improve low-income housing in the State of Lara (Venezuela).

Author: TOLOSANA DELGADO RAIMON.
Year: 2005.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: A model that allows consistent estimation of the probability of an event should be aware that often the data presented dependence space, and its support and scale do not correspond to those of a real variable. We focus on how to estimate the distribution of regionalized variables whose support accept a structure of space Euclidiano. The key tool is the beginning of work on coordinates: escójase a base ortonormal, get statistics on the coordinates of the data, and aplíquense the output to the base to retrieve a result in the same space. With this strategy, for example, defines a normal distribution in any space Euclídeo. Applying this principle to regionalized variables, we get a unique approach consistent, which generalizes the known properties of the various techniques kirgeado several spaces support: real data, positive and compositional (vector components whose sum is positive constant) are treated as cases . The real case is the classical linear geostatistics, while the other two offer alternatives that solve many of the usual problems of non-linear geostatistics. The positive case, for example, offers an estimator krigeado type weighted geometric average, robust compared to errors in determining the variogram and with good properties estimate range. In particular, never gave negative results, as it happens with other methods. Moreover, it is also valid for blocks, and leads to a consistent pattern of change support: unlike the classic method, it is not necessary to assume the conservation of lognormalidad. In the case compositional simply become mainstream findings of the study data positive. However, since the parallel between a composition and a multinomial vector, we also an alternative to krigeado indicator. This is used to estimate the distribution function of a variable regionalized, but often produces results not growing, negative or greater than one. In contrast, the alternative proposal estimates a discrete version of the density function, and offers always valid results. This proposal shows parallels with Bayesian statistics and Information Theory.

Author: MANCEBO FERNÁNDEZ NÚRIA.
Year: 2005.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE GIRONA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA.

Summary: The thesis analyzes the available data and their degree of validity to provide a vision of the reality of innovative behavior of industrial enterprises Spanish. Definition of a model for analysis that may be of interest to the reorganization of the studies and the possible definition of policies to support the R & D regional

Author: BELLÍ MARTÍ NEUS.
Year: 2005.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: ETSEAL.
Place of preparation: UDL (ETSEAL).

Summary: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced mainly by toxic fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium, under certain conditions. Their presence in the human body is due to ingestion of small amounts provenidas a wide range of foods, both plant and animal. After cereals, wine is the element in a European diet largest contributor to the daily intake of OTE. The OTA is a potent toxin that affects the kidneys, where it can cause both acute and chronic injuries. Besides the negrotoxicidad, toxicological studies in animals have shown that it also has genotoxic properties, carcinogenic and inmunosupresivas. In addition, it is suspected that the cause of a fatal disease to humans observed in Eastern Europe and known as the "Nefropatía Endemic of the Balkans", as well as the formation of tumors in the urinary tract of humans. Briefly, the objectives of this work are: 1-To assess the level of contamination by OTE in Spanish beverages derived from the grape and to study the possible influence of several variables on the content of OTE and wine products. 2-Consider micoflora from different vineyards Spanish for four consecutive years by sampling the field, to shed light on where, when and to what extent there OTE in this country. 3-To identify and study the effect of several factors and their interactions ecofisiológicos in fungi potentially producing OTE asylees grape vinividación, to find the conditions that may minimize or prevent their growth and the formation of OTE. Studies were carried out to investigate additional first in vitro effects of the application of fungicides in grapes, followed by the effect of different treatments on fungicides grapes in the field. It has also managed to visualize colonization and the early stages of infection Aspergiullus carbonarius in grapes through the laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, epi-i estereomicroscopia after transforming this fungus with the gene for green fluorescent protein (gfp). We saw that approximately 20% of Spanish wines analyzed contained OTE, the majority at concentrations below the limits set by the EU, Aspergillus and that blacks are responsible for producing this toxin in this country, especially Aspergiullus carbonarius . Despite the dominance of species added A.niger in grapes, and because of its modest ability to produce the toxin and low production volume, their contribution to the problem of OTE is tiny. The species uniseridas were discarded at this point, since no toxin was detected in any of the isolates. It detected Aspergiullus black grapes from the fruit-set until the harvest in most vineyards. However, their incidence increased with the maturation of the grapes, because the high temperatures and humidity have favored the development and production of OTE by these fungi. It demonstrated the ability of A.carbonarius to grow in the range 10-45Â ° C and 0.88-0.995 of water activity (aw), with the best around 30Â ° C and the highest aw. The temperature conditions favorable for the production of HTO were more restricted, with 20Â ° C and high aw optimum conditions. Other factors were also studied ecofisiológicos as the country of origin of the strains, the conditions of photoperiod, fluctuating temperatures, etc.. Therefore knowledge of the factors that lead to the production of OTE can help devise strategies to limit their training. In the final part of this thesis has been suggested several ways to prevent and control Aspergiullus blacks and mycotoxin. As it has been that the production of OTE by Asperguillus blacks and mycotoxin. As it has been that the production of OTE by Aspergiu 8 llus neg 6ff ros is optimal shortly after her inoculation, reducing the time to harvest and transport to the cave will be instrumental in reducing levels of this toxin. It has also been seeking to minimize damage in the skin of grapes, because it has been found that the openings encourage the entry of the fungus that is colonizing the surface, possibly allowing the maximum production of OTE. The implementation of other preventive measures such as the control of fungal pathogens and insects during the growth of the grape-and several fungicides tested in vitro and in vivo-, and other good agronomic practices, can help reduce pollution by the OTA grape. As a general conclusion, it appears that several factors may help prevent the development of fungi ocratoxigénicos, but it is necessary to implement a system of multiple barriers to control growth and subsequent production of OTE by these microorganisms. Preventive measures are always preferable to remedial action, and along with a proper control of BAT in derivatives of the grape, ensure adequate consumer protection.

Author: LÓPEZ ALONSO RAÚL.
Year: 2005.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: ETS DE INGENIERÍA AGRARIA.
Place of preparation: ETS DE INGENIERÍA AGRARIA. DPTO. DE INGENIERÍA AGROFORESTAL.

Summary: The influence of the mountainous areas in the generation of water resources, geomorphology of the river system and flood disasters is decisive. Historically, however, the scientific knowledge of the river sand plains has been higher on the rivers and gravel mountain. Several investigations have revealed that the hydraulic models of sediment transport and geomorphology developed for the former are not directly extrapolated to the latter. A core problem in river hydraulics is the resistance to the advance of the flow channel, because its determination is a prerequisite for solving myriad problems raised in the aforementioned discipline. In this thesis has been assessed (ie, adjusted, tested and compared) a number of models of resistance to the flow of rivers and mountains of gravel. It has been discussed also the effect on the ability of the predictive equations adjustment has its subsets, they defined intervals for different control variables such as submersion relative flow, the slope of the channel or the rate of mobility sediment. The models tested are divided into two major groups: A-Those who take the friction factor of Darcy-Weisbach (f) as the dependent variable. B-Those who take the wealth flow (Q) and its average speed (v) as a response variable, and that does not include explicit coefficient of resistance as explanatory variables. As the main result has been obtained a set of equations, the two groups mentioned above, that have a predictive power than in the formulas derived until now by other researchers. Such superiority precitiva is based on the creation of a database of adjustment consists of a significantly higher number of data collection, and also represents a wider range of the explanatory variables.

Author: SOLÉ MAURI FRANCINA.
Year: 2005.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: ESCOLA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR D'ENGINYERIA AGRÁRIA.
Place of preparation: ESCOLA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR ENGINYERIA AGRÀRIA.

Author: TOLOSANA DELGADO RAIMON.
Year: 2005.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: A model that allows consistent estimation of the probability of an event should be aware that often the data represent space unit, and its medium and scale do not correspond to those of a real variable. We focus on how to estimate the distribution of regionalized variables whose support accept a structure of space Euclidiano. The key tool is the beginning of the work coordinates, escójase a base ortonormal, get statistics on the coordinates of the data, and aplíquense the output to the base to retrieve a result in the same space. With this strategy, for example, defines a normal distribution in any space Euclídeo. Applying this principle to regionalized variables, we get a unique approach consistent, which generalizes the known properties of the various techniques krigeado several spaces support: real data, positive and compositional (vector components whose sum is positive constant) are treated as cases . The real case is the classical linear geostatistics, while the other two offer alternatives that solve many of the usual problems of non-linear geostatistics. The positive case, for example, offers an estimator krigeado type weighted geometric average, robust compared to errors in determining the variogram and with good properties estimate range. In particular, never gave negative results, as it happens with other methods. Moreover, it is also valid for blocks, and leads to a model consisting in exchange for support: unlike the classic method, it is not necessary to assume the conservation of lognormalidad. In the case compositional simply become mainstream findings of the study data positive. However, since the parallel between a composition and a multinomial vector, we also an alternative to krigeado indicator. This is used to estimate the distribution function of a regionalized variables, but often produces results not growing, negative or greater than one. In contrast, the alternative proposal estimates a discrete version of the density function, and offers always valid results. This proposal shows parallels with Bayesian statistics and Information Theory.

Author: VALVERDE GARCÍA JUAN SEBASTIÁN.
Year: 2005.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS.

Summary: This paper has studied the dynamics of structures in space tether. These structures are tether cables great length linking various modules in orbit, allowing the transfer of energy and amount of movement between them. In particular, he has studied tether systems that orbit perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, so that they should be subject to rotation around its longitudinal axis to remain stable at that position. There have also been studied tethers Electrodynamic interacting with the geomagnetic field producing Lorentz forces that inhibit or promote the scheme. Thus, the system can not be treated as a cable, it is necessary to model the teather as a bar with a bending and torsional rigidity. In short, it has done a detailed study of a bar extremely slender (0.0025/100) subject to rotation under the action of Lorentz forces. The system is similar to an unbalanced rotor in which, however, there are large movements by deformation. Under these conditions, the classical theory of linear dynamics rotors predicts instability in the system caused by the forces of internal damping material when it exceeds a certain critical speed, which is well below the speed at which the system operates that has been studied. However, some studies on rotor models suggest that the simple geometric no-linealidad can control the volatility. To approve this, there have been different models of the tether system. First, it has developed a model based on the rotor Jeffcott. Later, this model is improved by making the system equations Kirchhoff-Love a bar 3D. Both models are carried out a parametric study of the system, mathematical techniques used last generation as the continuation numbers. Finally, the results obtained with the above models were compared to a model multibody system which allows the simulation of the same time. In addition, theoretical evidence have been found to explain the formation of helices that occurs in Electrodynamic tether, a problem that has been found in some missions authentic.

Author: Gámez García Javier.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: Universidad de Jaén.
Place of preparation: Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén/ Instituto Tecnológico de Lund, Suecia.

Summary: The study of control strategies for robots working in environments with restricted movement can already be considered one of the classics in this field within the discipline of robotics. Moreover, in recent years, reducing the price of sensors and force improvement in the computing power of control systems for industrial robots, have made the user industry robotic devices increasingly aware of the utility incorporate into their applications elements that control the force applied by the machine on their working environment. It is foreseeable that in a relatively short space of time manufacturers of robots include commercially extensively in their drivers the possibility of incorporating elements of control for using force sensors mounted on the arm. In this regard, it is likely an evolution similar to that suffered by computer vision systems that are already almost a standard in most of the commercial offers of robots. However, there are still many open issues in the field of control of robot manipulators force lacked solutions mature, which limits the applicability of these systems in real industry beyond tareasrelativamente simple. One problem that requires open solutions that are reliable and that, therefore, is a line of research interest in this field, is the design of control systems in force capable of robot manipulators:  working properly before disturbances caused by the forces of inertia when the end of the manipulator moves in the free space. These disturbances are most clearly manifested when using heavy tools, which is quite common in the industry,  that the control system is able to overcome properly transients which occur when the robot manipulator comes in contact with the environment exert a force determined on it.  In this regard, the work appearing in the literature pertaining to the control of robot manipulators force in the often caracterizase by use of a single sensor to measure the forces that occur at the end of the robot or even estimate the forces acting on this through observers using only the information given by the position sensors. So far, the problems caused by the forces of inertia that appear during the movement in the free space have been solved using precompensadores where the information they receive is read from the sensors position of the joints of the robot turned to Cartesian coordinates using the kinematic model the robot manipulator. Obviously, this precompensación represents a degradation of the system when estimating acceleration from position sensors as well as using a kinematic model which can be more or less precise coordinates to convert to joint Cartesian coordinates. Also, when it comes to estimating the time of contact, the strategies proposed in the literature so far used as a threshold discriminator element of force, that is, when the force measured by the sensor exceeds a predefined value is considered to the robot manipulator has contacted the element or half of the working environment. This procedure involves, among other drawbacks, use approach speeds relatively low because the force sensor measures are affected by the forces of inertia produced by the acceleration of the tool. To solve the above problems in this thesis proposes a set of estimators contact force exerted by a robot manipulator in its natural environment. For the development of these observers have been used fusion techniques sensory quepermiten using med 8 back from 90d a force sensor, an accelerometer and the positions of the arm joints, infer the forces of contact. But for a new sensory fusion technique can be applied in a system, sensors used require precise calibrations before its final integration, and as you know, the calibration process is a costly both in economic terms and time, making sensory integration is not attractive for its application in industry. In addition, the merger sensory applied to industrial robotics will only be interesting if there were automatic calibration methods, such as `plug-and-play ', enabling complete integration within the robotic system. Here it is proposed, along with the estimators mentioned, a set of calibration procedures that automatically configured and calibrated monitors on the strength of contact eliminating the complexity of conducting a manual calibration process. Finally, in order to verify whether the behavior of observers proposed, such as the calibration procedures designed has been used two platforms with a robotic hardware-software architecture open. Laprimera of them is an industrial robot ABB located in the Department of Automatic Control at the University of Lund, Sweden. The second platform, developed in the framework of this thesis is composed of an industrial robot Stà ¤ ubli of 6 degrees of freedom on which it has created a software architecture that allows either implementing advanced control algorithms, or the integration of new sensory systems.

Author: ABUD URBIOLA IVONNE.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO POLITÉCNICO SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: CENTRO POLITÉCNICO SUPERIOR.

Summary: The expectations of the world towards engineering are higher than in the past. The problems faced by engineers today involve mostly technical issues, but also complex and dynamic interactions with other aspects which include, among others, social, political, economic, environmental, ethical, cultural and religious. Against this background, the university was faced with the challenge of developing educational programs with a more comprehensive and more integrated. This research provides a methodology for verifying and analyzing training in industrial engineering in various countries throughout the world in order to know its current status and trends to identify and propose improvements that support the development of a profile of training commensurate with the needs of companies and the requirements of accreditation bodies. It describes and uses the Integrated System of Universal categories (SICU), consolidated theory in various fields of knowledge. This system is complemented with particularized and a model for education that integrates engineering, organizes, simplifies and represents conceptual approaches and descriptive information often scattered or treated so subjective in the publications. The thesis shows how to effectively implement the methodology and tools to strengthen proposals from analysis and design curriculum level curriculum, to the planning, implementation and evaluation level classroom curriculum. Besides the many and varied experiences in implementation and the results demonstrate their feasibility, usefulness and applicability in any area of training. With the proposed method, classifies, analyzes and compares a large sample curricula at various universities and countries in the world, as well as the curricular structure recommended by the accreditation bodies. The results identify training profiles, similarities and differences, as well as strengths and weaknesses, between programs, countries or regions. Addresses and discusses key aspects of the educational accreditation. It compiled the schedules and criteria for multiple agencies and accrediting agencies around the world and conforms profile expanded with 58 specific skills who is also analyzed with the method SICU. This study gives a novel approach that difference and weighted components of the profile of skills in knowledge, skills, attitudes and values and in 26 fields of learning. These results were also contrasted favorably with field studies reveal that the needs of the business sector for graduates in engineering. Based on the interrelationships of the categories SICU, it is proposed scheduling a curriculum around project design and manufacturing engineering to balance the theoretical and practical training, promote the rapid implementation of the knowledge and train students in an integrated vision of the various disciplines that come into engineering. Finally, it raises and apply a methodology that facilitates the planning, implementation and evaluation of a course focusing on student learning. Through it is possible to see how, and to what extent, the daily activities of learning develop the skills required. In its application also quantified ECTS, which promotes proper organization of the academic workload and resources.

Author: OTERO QUINTANA ABRAHAM.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FÍSICA.

Summary: In this report we have presented the model profiles Temporary Borrosos Multivariable, a model for representing and reasoning about the temporal evolution of a set of parameters representative of a system under study. A PTBMA is constructed from a description of these developments carried out by an expert in the domain, and it is captured in a manner explicit hierarchy of abstraction that he used to think about the system. A PTBMA defined in a recursive as a set of restrictions blurred among a finite set of subPTBMs and a finite set of points of the temporal evolution of the system that are particularly relevant to the description of the pattern. Between each set of points for the same parameter on the model allows to limit temporary blurred, the increase in magnitude fuzzy, blurry slope and shape of the evolution of the parameter between the two points. Among items on various parameters defined to limit the duration and increasing temporary blurred blurred. The recursive nature of the model allows you to organize in successive levels of abstraction, which is performed through the aggregation of the various pieces of information abstraídas from the data observed. Also, it facilitates the reuse of knowledge, since a PTBM can form part of the definition of individual PTBM. The use of fuzzy set theory allows represent and manage the vagueness and uncertainty characteristics of human knowledge, as well as providing tolerance to bad data and suffering from noise. The formalism of networks restrictions provides support for the representation of the model and computational attaches great expressive power: networks establish restrictions allow multiple choices between each pair of events relevant to the evolution of the system. The price to pay for the flexibility of the model is the ability to incorporate conflicting information and / or redundant in the description of the pattern. In order to remove this redundant information and detect inconsistencies in the definition of the pattern we have developed a series of procedures aimed at the analysis of the consistency of a PTBM. We have shown that obtaining more accurate representation possible, ie the minimum representation of a PTBM, is a task NP-completa. On the other hand, we have provided procedures to ensure local levels to existence in polynomial time, respecting the hierarchical structure determined by the definition made for the expert. We have also submitted two private network topologies: Profiles Temporary Borrosos Multivariable Sequential and Profiles Temporary Borrosos Multivariables Sequential Temporary, allowing find in a polynomial time a level of consistency sufficient to ensure assembling solutions recoilless under a certain allocation . The first topology emphasizes the representation of information temporarily, while the latter emphasizes the representation of information on the magnitude of the significant points. The report provides horseback hierarchical procedures which implement the task of pattern recognition: you can search on the evolution of the system a pattern of interest, building their identification upon recognition of the findings on which it relies for an expert to identify. The model displays an explanation of the results obtained, which allows the expert to justify their compliance with them. These procedures have a very high cost theoretical computations, which has led us to develop a heuristic that exploits the properties of real continuity of the signals to reduce the complexity of the task of recognition. This avoids extending the tree heuristic search complete all findings that make up the pattern of departure, gaining 8 in camb 115e io a subset of the solutions to be sufficiently representative of each of the findings. The heuristic sacrifices complenitud of the matching procedures, but in the applications that we have dealt with has never carried lose occurrences of patterns and has significantly increased the efficiency of search. To help users procurement work and validation of knowledge we have developed the tool TRACE (Tool foR anAlising and discovering pattErns). This tool allows you to define patterns of signals so visual and intuitive, and our bet is to solve the bottleneck in the elicitaicón knowledge. With it we have taken two different types of applications of the model to the domain doctor. On the one hand, building alarms able to identify situations of interest in the clinic, and are not successfully detected by monitoring devices currently available. On the other hand, the discovery of supervised clinical knowledge, knowledge which takes the form of a pattern on the patient's physiological variables. In the report we submitted examples of both types of applications. We have also applied the model to the domain of mobile robotics, as a solution to identify topological elements in environments that can build up inside a map of the environment. In the report we present a validation of our proposal on data obtained in various paths that made two robots in three different environments, the overall results are highly satisfactory. To make the validation we have developed a software, integrated TRACE, which acts as a client of the robot, processing the sensor readings and report on their robot on the marks that have been identified. The lines in advance of this work are varied. At the theoretical level, it is interesting to study the modeling of the context in which it was done by the recognition of a pattern. The model PTBM has certain features that simplify some of the possible solutions to this problem: different contexts can add and / or remove findings to the employer, add and / or remove significant points, and add, delete, and / or modify restrictions. Another interesting aspect is the incorporation of the information obtained in the pattern recognition task in a system of interpretation of the highest level, which includes information generated through abstraction than proposed in this report. The temporary restrictions blurry networks could provide a formal framework for integrating information generated by the various mechanisms of abstraction. Learning automatic signal patterns is another future line extension of this work. The structural and visual network restrictions of the model makes it a representation of the patterns found intuitive and easy to study by experts. With regard to the application of the model to the domain medical procedures carry subtraction equation to routine clinical through its inclusion in a system of intelligent monitoring of patients, TRACE, is the interface that pemitira to caregivers define new alarms based on model PTBM and modify existing ones. In the field of mobile robotics intend to integrate the marks obtained by the model PTBM a task to construct maps of the environment. This task includes the definition of a model representation of environment-based restrictions blurry and organized at several levels of abstraction, depending on the level of detail necessary for him ejecucción different tasks. Building a map allows, through the integration of the various elements topologicos in the environment, strengthen the acquired data, which will lead to an improvement in the results of the identification marks.

Author: ALMENDRAL SÁNCHEZ JUAN ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: REY JUAN CARLOS [www.urjc.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y TECNOLOGÍA.

Summary: This thesis focuses on three aspects of one of the essential ingredients of the science of complex systems, the so-called theory of complex networks. First, this theory is used to analyze the network of scientific collaborations among the participants of the so-called Framework Program. We seek to structure described this initiative as a taxpayer and analyze industry and universities to improve the relationship research / applications. Secondly explores the impact of topology in social groups organized hierarchically with lso that, in addition, we believe that the horizontal relationships are present. Subsequently approached from the perspective of game theory if possible allocate a scarce resource in an equitable manner when the organization is not hierarchical. Finally, we analyze the properties of the oscillator and Helmholtz estimate by the theory of Lie solutions to differential equations. Once familiar with the nonlinear oscillators and their difficulties análisticas, we turn to consider the sincronozabilidad neuron type Hodgkin-Huxley when forming a network of connections like "Small -World" and any kind of attractive and repulsive.

Author: MORIÑIGO SOTELO DANIEL.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: ETSII.

Summary: Survey and analysis of the type of electromagnetic pump best suited to drive without contact molten metal in an industrial application of metallic molding. Proposal for a procedure based design simulation tools validated experimentally.

Author: Garcia Alfaro Joaquin.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierias.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierias.

Summary: Since computer infrastructures are currently getting more vulnerable than ever, traditional security mechanisms are still necessary but not sufficient. We need to design effective response techniques to circumvent intrusions when they are detected. We present in this dissertation the design of a platform which is intended to act as a central point to analyze and verify network security policies, and to control and configure -- without anomalies or errors -- both prevention and detection security components. We also present in our work a response mechanism based on a library that implements different types of counter-measures. The objective of such a mechanism is to be a support tool in order to help the administrator to choose, in this library, the appropriate counter-measure when a given intrusionoccurs. We finally present an infrastructure for the communicationbetween the components of our platform, as well as a mechanism for the protection of such component

Author: TORRES CHAVEZ IVALDO.
Year: 2006.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA.
Place of preparation: ETSE.

Author: CAÑELLAS ALBERICH NICOLAU.
Year: 2006.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: ESCOLA TÈCNICA SUPERIOR D'ENGINYERIA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA.

Summary: THE NOVA GENERACIÓ OF TARGETES PERSONALS INTEGRARAN A SENSOR D'EMPREMTA DACTILAR JUNT TO A DISPOSITIU IN WHICH IS DUGUIN A TERME TOTES LES PASSES DE L'ALGORISME BIOMÈTRIC. TESI THE SEARCH THE INTEGRACIÓ OF SISTEMES BIOMÈTRICS I TARGETES INTELÂ LIGENTS AMB L'OBJECTIU D'IMPLEMENT A "EMBEDDED SECURITY SYSTEM" CAPAÇ TO VERIFY THE IDENTITAT HOLDER FROM UTILITZACIÓ OF BIOMETRIA D'EMPREMTA DACTILAR. PER A ASSOLIR-HO IS DESENVOLUPA A ALGORISME PER AL'EXTRACCIÓ OF LES CHARACTERISTICS, I EN DISSENYA A COPROCESSADOR THAT IMPLEMENTA LES TASQUES CRÍTIQUES, WHICH PERMET REALITZAR A DISPOSITIU ELECTRÃNIC (+ HARDWARE SOFTWARE) DIMENSIONS OF PETITES, I BAIX HIGH COST OF QUALITAT RESULTATS.

Author: COLOMER MENDOZA FRANCISCO JOSÉ.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ingenieria Rural y Agroalimentaria.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The landfill is now, the final destination of a high percentage of waste, both in Spain as in most countries. The environmental issues presented by these facilities has led to the development of legislation, increasingly restrictive. The rules on waste, landfills, integrated prevention and control of pollution, environmental impact assessment and environmental liability has forced the elimination of waste through landfill is conducted in a safe manner from the point of view of health and the environment. This legislation affects parameters of location, design, management, decommissioning and controls postclausura the landfill. However, after thorough review of the rules, there has been a lack legal on the parameters relating to leachate ponds so that they remain some heavily polluting liquids with a high organic load and probability of containing heavy metals, it is not specified in most of the rules consulted, a direct reference to these reservoirs. With the primary objective of minimizing the risk of environmental rafts leachate and prevent the environmental impact that could be caused by a break in the containment dikes, it is argued that implementation of the alternative methodology of risk assessment as a complement to the with UNE 150008 of environmental risk assessment. This alternative methodology is based on an index of environmental risk that values the risk presented by these rafts on the environmental factors that exist in the channel receiver. This will be known, first and constructive geometric features of the basin, secondly the characteristics of pollutants leaching and thirdly the characteristics of the receiving environment and its environmental factors. Starting with the knowledge and analysis of all these parameters, you can calculate a given basin, built or planned, an index of specific risk. If the index exceeds a calculated risk environmental value established, involve a raft with a high risk environment, either by the geotechnical stability, an environment with sensitive to environmental factors such pollution, or by both contingencies. To validate the methodology of calculating the rate of environmental risk, apply the formula derived from actual cases rafts leachate.

Author: Mora Flórez Juan José.
Year: 2006.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Universitat de Girona.
Place of preparation: Universitat de Girona.

Summary: The quality of electric power supply includes quality and the quality of customer service. The quality of supply, in turn, is considered to comprise two parts, the waveform and continuity. This thesis deals with the continuity of supply through the location of faults. This problem is solved in a relatively transmission systems, where homogeneous characteristics of the line, measured in both terminals and the availability of various teams, it can locate the site of absence with a relatively high accuracy. In distribution systems, however, the location of faults is a complex problem and not yet resolved. The complexity is mainly due to the presence of drivers not homogeneous intermediate loads, derivations and lateral imbalance in the system and the load. Moreover, usually, in these systems is only measured at the substation, and a simplified model of the circuit. The main efforts on the location have been aimed at developing methods that use fundamental tension and the current in the substation, to estimate the reactor until needed. Since obtaining the ballast allows quantify the distance to the site of absence from the use of the model, the method is considered Based on the Model (MBM). However, some of its disadvantages are associated with the need for a good model system and the possibility of locating a number of sites where there may be a lack happened, that is, one can estimate submit multiple site failure. As input, this thesis presents an analysis and comparative test between several of the MBM frequently referenced. Additionally, the solution is complemented with methods they use other information, such as that obtained from the historical bases with misdemeanor records measured voltage and current in the substation (not limited only to essential). As a tool for extracting information from these records are used and tested two techniques classification (LAMDA and SVM). They relate the characteristics of the signal obtained with the area under fault and are called in this document as Methods of Classification Based on the Knowledge (CCBM). The information used by CCBM is obtained from the records of measured voltage and current in the substation distribution before, during and after the absence. The records are processed to produce the following descriptors: a) the magnitude of the voltage variation (dV), b) the variation of the magnitude of current (dI), c) the change in power (dS), d) lack of reactance (Xf), e) the frequency of transient (f), f) the value of the same maximum correlation matrix flow (Sv), each of whom has been selected to facilitate the location of the fault. From these descriptors are proposed different sets of training and validation of CCBM, and through a methodology that shows the ability to find relationships between these groups and areas in which presents the missing, was selected best behavior. The results of application, demonstrate that with the combination of CCBM with MBM, it can reduce the problem of estimating multiple site failure. The CCBM determines the area of missing, while the MBM is the distance from the point to the lack of action, integration in a hybrid scheme takes the best features of each method. In this paper, which is known as hybrid is a combination of MBM and CCBM, in a complementary manner. Finally, and to check the contributions of this thesis, and intends to test a hybrid integration scheme for locating faults in two different distribution systems. Both methods that use the system parameters and are based on the estimate of the impedance (MBM), as those who use information as the descriptore 8 s are f 445 undamentan techniques classification (CCBM), shows its validity to solve the the problem of locating faults. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages proposals, but according to the theory of integration methods presented, it achieves a high complementarity, which allows the development of hybrids that improve outcomes by reducing or avoiding the problem of multiple estimate of the missing.

Author: Urra Fabregas Anna.
Year: 2006.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Escola Politecnica Superior.
Place of preparation: Escola Politecnica Superior.

Summary: The use of optical technology in core networks combined with IP/Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) solution has been presented as a suitable choice for the next generation Internet architecture. The integration of both layers is facilitated by the development of Generalized MPLS (GMPLS). In this network architecture, a single fibre failure can result in potentially huge data losses as the effects propagate up and through the network causing disruptions in the service of many applications. Thus, survivability has become a key issue to improve and satisfy the increasing requirements of reliability and Quality of Service (QoS) of these applications. Fault recovery schemes have been adopted in the network in order to provide such survivability. These schemes are based on switching the traffic affected by the failure to an alternative/backup path. The computation of the working and backup path is a crucial step to offer the required QoS to the traffic services. Some relevant parameters, such as resource consumption and recovery time, could be affected negatively if suitable routing algorithms are not used. According to the timing of backup path computation, recovery mechanisms are classified in protection and restoration. Although restoration is flexible in terms of resource consumption, it offers low recovery time and the recovery action may not be successful because there are insufficient network resources. Protection describes recovery schemes that are pre-planned for both spare capacity and backup paths achieving the shortest recovery time and providing high availability against network failures. The accuracy and performance of QoS with Protection (QoSP) routing algorithms in terms of resource consumption depends on the available network information. The availability of full or partial network information influences the management of the network capacity. The reduction of the recovery time is another parameter to be considered for backup path selection and it is achieved by applying segment or local backup path methods instead of path protection. Nowadays different existing QoSP routing algorithms are oriented towards offering the reliability required by the traffic services. However, they operate in a single switching layer: either optical and wavelength (lightpath) oriented or IP/MPLS and packet (Label Switched Path, LSP) oriented. Thus, both optical and IP/MPLS layers independently deploy their own fault recovery methods. This results in protection duplications making fault management more difficult and poor resource utilisation. This research provides and evaluates new QoSP routing schemes that consider both IP/MPLS and optical network layers to compute the LSP and backup LSP subject to the QoS requirements of the traffic. Two network scenarios are considered in this thesis: static multi-layer network scenario and dynamic multi-layer network scenario. In the static multi-layer network scenario, the logical topology where the LSPs are routed is given and fixed. Some of the pre-established lightpaths are are assumed to be already protected at the optical layer. Hence, an enhancement of the QoSP routing algorithms for IP/MPLS networks is achieved by avoiding the protection of those lightpaths that are already protected at the optical layer. In order to deploy this proposal, a formalization of the path failure probability and a new definition of link-disjoint path based on Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) concept are presented. As a novelty, the backup path is proposed to be a Partial Disjoint Path (PDP) since it may overlap the lightpaths of the working path that are already protected at the optical layer. In order to guarantee fast protection, the proposed algorithms also combine segment protection and shared backups, resulting in a suitable fault recovery time and resource consumption. A complete set of simulations verifies the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. In the dynamic multi-layer network scenario, cooperation between each layer, optical and IP/MPLS, is considered. Although effort has been devoted in developing multi-layer routin 8 g algori 8de thms that consider all switching layers, protection is not considered amongst them. Thus, in the proposed QoSP routing algorithms, whenever a new LSP request arrives, the decision of setting up new lightpaths, backup lightpaths and backup LSPs is made. Additionally, whenever a LSP is torn-down, the respective lightpaths and backup lightpaths that do not accommodate any other LSP are disconnected. New constraints are added to the network such as the number of Packet Switching Capable (PSC) ports of the routers (optical grooming switches). The presented QoSP routing algorithms are compared to other algorithms that consider either full optical protection or full IP/MPLS protection. The performance of the algorithms is analyzed according to the different metrics such as the number of PSC ports, the number of wavelengths per fibre and the number of hops (lightpaths). A complete set of simulations proves the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. This thesis also presents reliability differentiation based on the traffic classification and hence the QoS requirements. Note that when a failure occurs not all the applications affected by the failure require the same level of reliability. Some applications are more stringent about their QoS requirements than others. Moreover, in many cases improving the fault recovery involves very expensive mechanisms in terms of resource consumption, which cannot be deployed throughout the whole network. Thus, new QoSP routing algorithms that take into account the presented traffic classification are presented and evaluated under the static and dynamic multi-layer network scenarios.