HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

Author: HERMANNS LUTZ.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID [www.upm.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S ING. INDUSTRIALES.

Summary: During recent years the European rail network high-speed has spread gradually as a result of the growing demand for rapid transport to cover distances between 100 and 500 km. The top speed of high-speed trains last generation has overcome the barrier of 300 km / h but not without having to deal with serious problems that manifest themselves during the operation to a greater extent than for conventional rail lines. The high speeds cause, in general, greater wear on the mechanical parts and may also lead, in combination with wind side, dangerous situations from the standpoint of the stability of motion of the train. The aerodynamic design of rail vehicles have much influence not only in energy consumption, but also the forces that cause a train to pass near an object or on the level of noise it produces. During the daily operation of a railway line produced many situations of this kind, ie the crossing of two trains or the passage of a train by a station. The simulation of these situations through transitional programs CFD is a very demanding task, both in human resources and information technology, which is manifested in the existence of rare publications in scientific journals. Apart from problems related to the aerodynamics have arisen others associated with the propagation of waves on the floor, which are manifested in the form of vibration in buildings located near the railroad. In some cases the speed of the trains is close to the speed of the waves from Rayleigh soil with the consequent danger that this situation leads to the integrity of the road. To study the problems discussed in the preceding paragraph has developed three programs in the language FORTRAN 90 which are the direct method implementations of the elements of contour. Tapping into the specifics of the problems, in combination with existing modified or new algorithms allow the treatment of these problems with common computer media as demonstrated in this paper.

Author: PALAU ESTEVAN VIRGINIA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ingenieria Hidraulica y Medio Ambiente.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The doctoral thesis presented aims to provide diverse experiences and techniques to optimize and deepen the awareness of the operation of the measurement systems used in water supplies, both urban and agricultural. The motive is none other than to show that a correct measurement of flow and consumption of users can significantly improve the technical management of water supplies and reduce losses in the network. Initially, in the thesis, a brief review of the operating principles of the main instruments for measuring flow and water meters used in the distribution systems and the various sources of error that can affect the measurement of the flow or consumption of water, in order to know how you can reduce the magnitude of the errors. Following the description of each of the devices and concepts relating to the previous measure flow, presents a detailed laboratory study of the behavior of various types of water meters in front of several variables. Another key point is the determination of the evolution of the curve error in the time of accountants in small-caliber urban supplies. They have carried out many tests counters of different ages. Regarding the study of accountants medium and large caliber, the parameters that can affect the characteristics of their error curve is essentially distortion in the velocity profile at the entrance of the instrument, the design and inadequate water quality when might affect, in time, to the dimensional characteristics of the aircraft. The second part of the doctoral thesis addresses issues that help to improve the overall management of these systems. Among the major strategies for improving the measurement systems, particularly in urban supplies, is the calculation of the overall error of measurement of a fleet of accountants. Of the different methodologies proposed previously in the literature suggests some improvements that reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of the overall error. Knowing this overall error measurement function. Moreover, estimates the volume of water allocated to subcontaje of tools for calculating the hydraulic performance of a network. In turn, proposes a practical guide of different strategies that can be used to properly manage the micromedidores and macromedidores a distribution network and enhance both its effectiveness and efficiency. Tools such as control of the same optimizing its operation. Finally, it recognizes the need to make measurements in information truly useful and easily interpretable for the control of water. In this regard, there are different techniques capable demanejar this data and draw conclusions that will help in decision-making. This paper presents a novel statistical technique in this area, the analysis by major component, which handles the action flow of the macromedidores control sectors and networks arrivals to a remote control device. The methodology presented creates statistical models of daily operation of the network that set margins variability and allow them quickly detect any incident or disturbance produced in the network that does not respond to normal operating conditions of the system.

Author: ESPINOSA GARZA GERARDO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: AULA CAPELLA-ETSEIB.
Place of preparation: ETSEIB, EDIFICI H PLANTA 10 Campus SUD.

Author: GONZÁLEZ MARRERO RICARDO ALEXANDER.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ingenieria Hidraulica y M A.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The survey bases its origins in the fact that the national and international literature recognizes that the problem of sediment transport inside the urban drainage network is the source or make many more serious problems of a hidráulico-gestionad, ambiental-sanitario and economic - social. Many authors have demonstrated, based on experimental data that there is a very close correlation between the suspended solids and various components contaminants [Maglionico et al., 1997; Ellis and Revitt, 1982; Vignoles ed Erremans, 1995]. It has been shown that the erosion of existing deposits at the bottom of the ducts can cause the release of a quantity of pollutants significantly higher than that which comes from the surface [Ashley et al., 1992; Delleur, 2001; Ahyerre, 1999 ; Saul and Thorntorn, 1988; Chebbo, 1992], especially in the first part of the event. It can be said that the managerial aspects linked to the identification and removal of deposits, [Chocat and Gerard, 1999] are very important economically and environmentally, for the purpose of planning the inspection activity [Hahn et al. 2002] and rehabilitation of pipelines [SÃ | grov et al., 2004] for the purpose of maintaining ultimate efficiency of the network. The activity of inquiry has found the great complexity of the problem of sediment transport in the networks of collectors, from generation on the surface, the spread in the channels, the identification of the deposits and their removal by "self-cleansing" or through meaningful devices engineering and management to mitigate the impact. The method distinguishes the different functions of the solid basis of the effect it produces, suggesting a critical analysis of available solutions. For the purposes of programming managerial proposed different levels containing information on the vulnerability of pipelines to the accumulation of sediments, designed with various approaches and various instruments modelísticos, aimed at presenting an overview of the network. It is proposed an investigation using numerical simulations designed to identify the configuration of implementing and operating some topologies collectors. In this regard are analyzed channels circular sections with different diameters. This approach has been developed in order to obtain the minimal degree slope to allow the safe operation of the collector.