FRAMEWORK RESISTANCE

Author: CASTILLO GANDICA ARGIMIRO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: AULA CS1 PLANTA SOTERRANI ETSAB.
Place of preparation: ETSAB, EDIFICI A Campus SUD.

Summary: This paper presents a study of earthquake risk to buildings in Merida, Venezuela. It consists of an assessment of the threat and vulnerability to seismic throughout the city and in a more detailed study of the vulnerability of houses in the self-Quarter âLa Milagrosaâ. It describes the city of Merida and its evolution during its more than 400 years of history. It conducts an assessment of seismic hazard. The tectonic framework and the areas sismogenéticas are taken from other studies. It makes a probabilistic analysis not zonificado, obtaining periods return and the probabilities of earthquakes annual leave grade I = VI, IX = aI according Scale Macrosísmica European. The maximum horizontal accelerations for these events are estimated by a law attenuation deducted especially for western Venezuela. These accelerations are used to carry out a series of representative analysis of the response (at the plate). The maximum periods obtained and the corresponding amplification factors are used to perform a Microzonificación that plateau. The effects induced (liquefaction and landslides) are estimated using the methodology of estimating losses seismic HAZUS ®. Two methodologies were used to assess vulnerability: IVIM and LM1. LM1 provides distributions vulnerability to Merida, these can be concluded in a preliminary fashion that most constructions âLa Milagrosaâ (and other informal settlements) are highly vulnerable. IVIM is used to carry out a more detailed assessment of the vulnerability of these buildings, the information they acquire studying reports of damage to similar situations, trying to understand their behavior with respect to seismic activities and carrying out an analysis of three buildings prototype ( for one, two and three storeys) according to the rules sismorresistente Venezolana. The evaluation methodology IVIM allows classifying buildings according to their vulnerability indices. This information is used to carry out a further study within âLa Milagrosaâ (with the methodology LM1) for damage scenarios. It proposes solutions for preliminary construction sismorresistente of new buildings and refurbishment of existing buildings. It includes an economic cost-benefit balance. Scenarios are presented overall damage obtained with the methodology LM1. The geographic information system ArcView ® used in this investigation provides several ways of presenting the information available. The distribution of damage in the city is illustrated particularly through the various degrees of damage (to the intensities scenario) as a percentage of buildings in the subsectors.

Author: ANDREU TORRAS ANTONI.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: EDIFICI C-1, AULA 002.
Place of preparation: C2 Àrea Acadèmica NORD.

Summary: This paper aims to develop a strategy to solve computational form of static balance of the works stone formed by one-dimensional elements using the analogy of classical models antifuniculares. This technique combines the fundamentals of the theory of plasticity, the concept of networks antifuniculares and optimization techniques to define a methodology to solve the structural calculation works factory. The technique is geared to be presented in a manner that is applicable in practice. This is a general characteristic that marks the development of the various elements involved in implementing computer. The first element that is developed is a tool that enables the simulation of three-dimensional networks of lines pressures. This tool, developed in the formulation covers both analytical and numerical implementation of a new element cable allowing the simulation of complex networks of wires in a stable and efficient. The second tool included in the present work and implemented numerically facilitates automation search networks pressure lines that provide for the stability of a structure brickwork, based on the principles of analysis limit. This process takes place through the definition of a non-linear optimization problem with restrictions that will be addressed by adapting classical optimization algorithms for the case study. The technique developed will be applied in the study of various examples such as the bridge Bridgemill, the Cathedral of Majorca, Towers of the facade of the Cathedral of Barcelona and Gerona Cathedral. Most examples have already been made by other authors studied with what has been possible to compare the results and determine the degree of approximation that is obtained with the technique presented. Finally exhibited in various lines of research and development work that this leaves open. These lines of inquiry pass both the study of the applicability of the new element cable developed in the study of various structural types that have nothing to do with the brickwork structures such as the deepening of the study on the stability of structures work not skeletal factory.

Author: TURON TRAVESA ALBERT.
Year: 2006.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Universitat de Girona.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE GIRONA.

Summary: A design tool for the analysis of delamination in laminated composites was developed. The design tool is developed using the damage-tolerance concept to predict both delamination initiation and growth. Therefore, the model developed can be used to perform either strength or damage-tolerance verification of new components, and can be used to assess the necessity to repair or replace in-service components. The model developed can be used either to simulate quasi-static or fatigue loading. A thermodinamically consistent damage model is proposed for the simulation of delamination in composite materials under variable-mode loading. The model is formulated in the context of Damage Mechanics by means of the Cohesive Zone Model concept. Moreover, a methodology to determine the parameters of the constitutive model is proposed. The methodology presented allows the use of coarser meshes that is usually admissible. Finally, the model has been enhanced to simulate high cycle fatigue.

Author: HURTADO SOTO FRANCISCO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI D2 205 Campus NORD.

Summary: This thesis has developed a heatsink âShear-Link (SL) â generalized design sismorresistente structures building. The device can be used to enhance the seismic resistance of existing structures or to provide flexibility for new buildings. It describes devices SL proposed giving design tables with the most relevant parameters derived from the behavior histerético of heatsinks to be subjected to load monotónica growing in the laboratory. We present correlations numérico-experimentales for curves histeréticas a device and a linear system of a degree of freedom equipped with heatsinks SL tested on vibrating table. The thesis is structured in nine chapters and in the final paragraph has been included with bibliographical references consulted. The first chapter places the thesis in the field of design sismorresistente and refers to the use and benefits of passive systems dissipation of energy. The second chapter presents the state of the art in passive control systems for structural seismic protection of the buildings. Reference is made to the systems of seismic base isolation and describes the characteristics of dissipating energy histeréticos and visco-elastic. The third chapter describes the geometric characteristics of four prototypes heatsink SL proposed and the material used for their construction. We present a numerical model of heatsinks done with finite elements, using the actual tightening tension curve. The fourth chapter describes the characteristics of the heatsink selected for SL tested experimentally. This paper presents a description of the tests characterization histerética made to six devices very similar to each other. In the fifth chapter presents the approach to the decomposition of the curve histerética model heatsink tested in the curve skeleton fuerza-desplazamiento that was used to calibrate the curve fuerza-desplazamiento their numerical model. Finally is a table with the most important design parameters of 32 devices. The sixth chapter presents the solution of systems with a degree of freedom dissipating energy and decoupled screens and presents the results of the experimental validation of a model of steel structure of a concrete floor with screens and decoupled protected heatsinks SL. The second section describes the design sismorresistente with heatsinks SL three proposals for structuring a building eight plants subject to the action of five earthquakes recorded in Mexico City. In the seventh chapter presents an analysis sismorresistente eight alternatives for the rehabilitation of a building of 11 flats using dissipating energy SL. In each alternative provides for the use of screens concrete decoupled backend for heatsinks or diagonal metal arriostramiento. The analysis provides the dynamic action of different earthquakes in different conditions of soil and earthquakes recorded in different regions. The eighth chapter presents the analysis sismorresistente and outcome of a proposal for rehabilitation of the office tower of the international airport in Lima, Peru, by dissipating energy SL. We present a linear analysis step by step in the history of the time of the present building and a non-linear step by step in the history of time for the proposed rehabilitation, both cases under the action of five earthquakes. The ninth chapter presents the conclusions arising from analysis of the investigation. Finally, it presents a section with references.