HOUSING

Author: SIMANCAS YOVANE KATIA.
Year: 2003.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: UPC.
Place of preparation: ED. A. CAMPUS SUD UPC.

Summary: The problem in this work has been approached from different angles. First with regard to the impact of massive construction of housing in the expansion of the city and the high energy consumption. Secondly, with regard to the construction of buildings which do not respond to the environmental conditions, so that their end users by introducing artificial environmental control systems, such as heating systems and air conditioning that work with electricity or gas, that brings the energy and generates a number of disadvantages for environmental pollution. And thirdly, in terms of the conversion of old temporary housing in recent years from standing in the metropolitan area and in the Catalan coast. At present rehabilitation, alteration, renovation and refurbishment of buildings occupy an important place in the field of construction and have become a real need from the perspective that allows us to take what we have and decrease the growth of crazy cities. However, when applying these techniques typically are not taken into account issues of sustainability bioclimatic or to obtain a greater comfort environmental or energy saving, thus leaving aside any possibility of improving the characteristics of a building or through passive systems assets Control. This work has been tried, from the assessment of residential dwellings that are currently experimenting with a series of transformations often in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, identify needs and possible strategies bioclimatic and automation that could be implemented in rehabilitating housing Mediterranean climate with similar characteristics. It has used different techniques for collecting quantitative and qualitative data, as well as analysis and evaluation as observation, measurement data of temperature, relative humidity, surface temperature, air movement, natural lighting and sound level, who would determine the environmental performance of each of the homes tested. In addition, it introduced a series of data in the program ARCHISUN, this would help to assess the performance of architectural dwellings and even if they would display inside the comfort zone or not over the year.

Author: AGUIRRE PIÑA ALEJANDRO LEONARDO.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: AULA PI CALLEJA. ETSAB.
Place of preparation: ETSAV, EDIFICI SC1 CAMPUS SANT CUGAT DEL VALLÉS.

Summary: The work identifies the problem exists because the architects in Mexico generally does not apply in their design strategies that are responsive to the needs of sustainability for the country, probably because of a lack of information and adequate regulation on the matter. In Mexico have been few attempts to introduce a methodology and analytical tools to enable them to implement the architects on sustainability and energy saving in buildings housing. In addition, research on the conditions bioclimatic and sustainability are undeveloped, so it is important that the designs of buildings should be based on sustainable design where considerations of comfort and low power consumption are the main issues to take into account. The work is based on the assumption that it is possible to identify a methodology that allows the professional practice of the architect does not affect the health of both the environment and users of the buildings and also that permisa lay the technical foundation for the development of a set of regulations sustainability and energy saving in housing. We present a methodology and design tools to improve conditions in the interior of the buildings through bioclimatic and sustainability strategies to respond effectively to the characteristics of the region where it is going to build and allow improved quality the life of society and its environment. It is intended that this paper provides information for making the foundations for the future establishment of a legal framework on sustainability and energy-saving architecture. The main objectives are to: * Identify the current state of housing in Mexico with regard to energy consumption. * Analysis of the existing building regulations in Mexico and abroad in order to identify the most relevant aspects of sustainability. * Analysis of the climate data from Mexico to meet the requirements of sustainability and energy savings that are needed at home. * The identification and development of tools to enable architects to make decisions in their designs sustainable and thus improve the habitability of space and energy saving. * The development of a methodology to be applied during the design phase that could identify strategies for sustainability in housing. The first of paper presents the general situation of the physical geography, climate, population, housing and construction regulations in Mexico. Also, there are different aspects that affect sustainability, and which have to do with the design of bioclimatic housing; discusses aspects of climate and their classification, analysis and bioclimatic design strategies, solar radiation and solar control systems, lighting and ventilation . The second part considerations on the general population, housing and energy consumption in Mexico and considerations regarding the sustainability and bioclimatic design in Mexico. Identifies climatic zones of the country to use architectural and presented through geographic information systems and digital mapping. There is a methodology for sustainability in housing. The third theme examines the factors affecting the problems of solar control in buildings and proposed analysis tools, they have a tool for the analysis of sostenibil 8 ity of 3c8 shelter called SOS and its modeling through different cases study. The findings are presented and identify new alternatives research in the field of sustainable design in Mexico. Keywords: sustainability, energy, climate, housing, livability, bioclimatic design.

Author: ALFARO MALATESTA SERGIO ARTURO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: Aula 28.8, ETS, INGENIERIA INDUSTRIAL.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI TR5 PLANTA 2, DESPATX 2.09 TR.

Summary: The thesis proposes the application of computer communication processes, such as aid for the production of social housing, Antofagasta and by extension or repeatability, in Chile and Latin America. The techniques of social production habitat covering management, participation, training, training, design, construction and the economics of production. The proposal seeks to provide these fields contain valid in the fields of application: users, technicians accompanying populations in the processes of social production habitat technicians local governments and state that design and promote support programs social production habitat. It documents and analyzes a situation past and current self-help housing in disadvantaged sectors of the population, while showing the creative value of some construction details as demonstrations of a different approach to technology, produced from the popular habitat . The assumptions made are three: The first reads about the persistence of self entre los sectores populares, persistence which necessarily implies a network âde interactions cognitivasâ on an informal common knowledge. The second postulates turn this into a transmission mediated instruction. The third suggests that the shift system in an asynchronous communication, this should conform to the social basis of where it comes from. It is a thesis proyectual which is being tested in a pilot implementation. In the first part, âEl phenomenon of Autoconstrucción Housing Chileâ, demonstrates the pesencia intermittent practice of this housing as an alternative to formal housing and state in the country, this issue is addressed from a historical review, as stipulated by the concept of âProgresividad'. The second part addresses the âAspectos Cognitive and Creative around Shelter Built and Inhabited by Usuariosâ allows noted that the self-help housing through housing activity developing users constitute the bedrock underlying the practice of knowing and do informally. The third part deals with the principles of âTransición Conceptual Methodological and Actitudinal' necessary to propose a conceptual framework, developing a communication model suited to the cultural and educational needs of these users. Ultimately addresses the âTransición Communicative and Cognitivaâ referring to the development of a pedagogic framework, which allows to raise the basic principles and conditions of mediated communication to be developed in the field of âautoconstrucción of viviendaâ. These background indicate that it is possible to develop a system of computerized help, whose main feature is consistent with the foundations of the social structure of communication that autoconstructores empelan and familiar. This phase ends with the design and implementation of a test pilot, based in a training program, to operate in this type of users in terms of Tele. The multidisciplinary approach used combines fields of architecture and construction, with cognitive mental processes, and aspects of transmission of information from education. Validation of these assumptions are supported in the design of a web portal, which incorporates a vision analytical, with the source of field study, which allow background be checked in an alternative universe, âestudiantes of arquitecturaâ, people who share a similar profile to end users, high redundancy and management of computers, which allow pre via usability, satisfaction, content, thematic relevance, and finally the structure of the portal.

Author: MARTÍ HERRERO JAIME.
Year: 2006.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: Doctoral Thesis This is the result of research carried out in the build system for energy known as the solar chimney, with the particularity of having thermal inertia, for its characterization as a system of natural ventilation in building. Experimental results are shown conducted in the experimental solar chimney built in the LECE (PSA-CIEMAT, Almeria) from 4.5 m high, underlining the nocturnal ventilation produced by the thermal inertia of the system. It has been developed and analyzed a physical model for dynamic two-dimensional description of the thermal dynamics of the solar chimney. This two-dimensional model, capable of describing experimental observed phenomena such as surface recruiter edge effect and the increase in air temperature with height, it is evaluated experimentally. To see the progress represented by this new model with respect to the classical models characterized by steady-state and work in a single dimension, we develop a model of classical scheme which was introduced by the unit over time to consider the thermal inertia of the system . Experimental Validation of the model shows how the classic models are able to satisfactorily describe the evolution of the temperature of the solid elements of the system, but the airflow is produced heavily underestimated against the flow pilot obtained with a bias of 36.92% and an error square afraid to 40.67%. The two-dimensional dynamic model proposed offers some very satisfying results for the description of the thermal system, and estimating the volume of air produced is a big improvement over the classical models by reducing the bias in seven times and the mean square error by half. This two-dimensional model and dynamic analysis is a tool valuation solar chimney able to predict the behavior of these systems knowing solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and considering only the dimensions and physical properties of the materials of the solar chimney. Through this physical model has been studied in a paramedic of the variables that characterize the solar chimney system as natural ventilation; discharge coefficient, height, entry and exit areas, absorption of solar radiation and thermal inertia. This study highlights the existence of an optimal value of thermal inertia to produce ventilation night.