PASTEURIZATION

Author: LORENZATTI EDUARDO ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRÓNOMOS.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA DE ALIMENTOS.

Summary: The use of pesticides in agriculture, and brings the danger of contamination of food or raw materials of these. For many years organochlorine compounds were widely accepted for its high efficiency in controlling agricultural pests and health, but the characteristics of persistence, liposulubidad and toxicity were made almost entirely replaced by pyrethroids. The exception in Argentina remains endosulfan whose use for soybeans is permitted and recommended for snuff, soybeans and cotton. It is widely used to control Nezara viridula and caterpillars that damage the crop. The development of transgenic soybeans, and the rapid adoption of these varieties by genetic Argentine farmers have led our country into the First World in terms of percentage of transgenic soybeans cultivated respect to the conventional varieties. For this and for the wide adoption of the system of direct seeding, in Argentina the use of endosulfan and the herbicide glyphosate creation sharply in recent years along with the number of hectares planted with transgenic soybeans. Argentina, you need to design strategies to protect the quality of its agricultural products and raw materials food on the presence of pesticide residues. The development of techniques for analysis of pesticide residues, and rapid economic conditions is a necessity for a country agroproductor. These techniques are poorly developed in Argentina and compared the cultivation of transgenic soya new questions arise regarding the contamination of food grains and agricultural origin. That is why in this thesis are optimized two techniques for assessing pesticide residues in order to use them to explore their concentrations green beans and soya beans mature. The change of solvent is proposed with regard to the official standard IRAM 23025, enhances the extraction step, and lead to increased sensitivity analysis endosulfan residue in soybeans. It lays out a technique for quantitative assessment of residues of glyphosate acid aminomethyl fosfónico, endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in green soy beans, through a single extraction procedure. This is a simple, economical and fast, with recoveries of between 92.3 and 96.1%, and coefficients of variation between 4.6 and 7.7%. By studying the decay of the concentrations of pesticide residues in soybean plants, from the application of endosulfan until harvest, using a linear statistical model. The half-life for endosulfan found, is between 4 and 7 days when working with one or two applications of insecticide, respectively. It verifies that the waiting time from the application of phytosanitary to reach the value of 0.5 mg / kg which establishes the Codex Alimentarius for fodder, is 104.8 and 69.5 days, according receives one or two applications of endosulfan, respectively. It evaluates the concentrations of endosulfan, glyphosate, endosulfan and acid sulphate aminomethyl fosfónico in green soybeans, grains mature in soy products made in laboratory products obtained in industries and soy-based foods or containing soya. The results demonstrate that allow and the poalguicidas glyphosate endosulfan and its major metabolites are incorporated into the soybeans and then spend some foods mass consumption.