TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTERS (2)

Author: MARTIN RULL ENRIC XAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: Sala de Juntes de la FME.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI U DESPATX 518 Campus SUD.

Summary: This work shows a set of experiments to identify, characterize and compare several methods for obtaining real object views in interactive applications such as augmented reality, telepresence or other future developments. While developing those methods, the problems found have induced a deeper study of view synthesis geometry, object three-dimensional structure, hardware process acceleration and data portability through the internet. Three methods have been found that meet the ends of this work. First, file-stored object-view access rests in data organization, compression- algorithm capabilities and hardware support to decompression. The second method, 3D object reconstruction and graphic coprocessor based projection, takes advantage of market driven GPU evolution. Finally, the representative view-set selection and interpolation method, uses the three-view-rectification properties and the precision of view interpolation when a dense-enough disparity map is available. This last requirement binds the second and third methods in the need of a good 3D object reconstruction, 3D models and disparity maps being two expressions for the same data. To compare the method results three criteria have been used: - Object view image quality. It has been necessary to identify the main source of errors on the processes and to find some evaluators for those errors. As the results of the process are images to be shown to humans, with those numerical evaluators a subjective evaluator has been used too. - Process time, important for the interactivity aim, calculated with current technology but projected to next foreseeable platforms. - Amount of data that must be recorded in each method, which will be a key point for portability. While developing this work, some contributions have been achieved and they can be summarized as: - Design of a methodology to represent any object view from a reduced set of views and synthesis methods. The methodology includes a protocol to acquire and organize data, ideas for a minimum view set selection, a criterion to record the minimum amount of data, improvements in obtaining the three-dimensional structure of the scene and a fast and general synthesis algorithm. - Suppression of some geometric restrictions in the three-view-rectification method, allowing a more general positioning for the virtual camera and a maximization of the virtual image area through the distance to the reprojection plane. - A complete specification for the modified three-view rectification and view interpolation method allowing its implementation with DSP or MMX instructions to achieve the requirements of interactive applications. - Presentation of a method to refine three-dimensional models obtained by space carving through stereovision. This method combines two well-known computer vision techniques to achieve a better result in 3D reconstruction. - Acceleration of the space carving 3D reconstruction method with the use of an octree voxel organization, projection to special distance maps and taking advantage of the GPU performance to speed-up the projection. Some of the results of this work will be used in the construction of an augmented reality driving simulator (UPC- University of Toronto) and the implementation of a remote viewer of archaeological objects (UPC - UB â other universities).

Author: GÓMEZ GUTIÉRREZ EMILIA.
Year: 2005.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POMPEU FABRA.

Summary: This thesis proposes and evaluates a computational approach for describing automatic tonal aspects of the music from the analysis of audio signals polyphonic. These methods are focused on calculating descriptors distribution notes, in estimating the shade of a piece, displaying the evolution of tonal center or measure the similarity between two different pieces tonal. This thesis contributes substantially to the field of computational methods through full description: A-Providing a multidisciplinary review of the systems for estimating the shade. B-Defines a set of requirements to be met by descriptors tonal low. C-provides a modular and quantitative assessment of the proposed methods. D-supports the idea that for some applications it is not necessary to obtain a transcript of the perfect score, and that can be used methods that work with scores without making a transcript automatically. E-Extends the existing literature that works with classical music with other genres. F-demonstrates the usefulness of descriptors for comparing tonal pieces. G-Provides an optimized algorithm, which is used in a real system for visualization, music search and recommendation, which works with more than a million pieces.

Author: MARTIN MONTES ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA INFORMÁTICA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA INFORMÁTICA.

Summary: The management expert networks and services has been an area where traditionally have been imposed solutions and mechanisms owners from different manufacturers. The current management models we are endowed with the necessary characteristics for efficient administration of knowledge management provided by Expert Systems. There is a need to develop models of control and supervision offering greater possibilities. In this sense be proposed standardization of the database of knowledge management necessary to manage resources in the various telecommunications networks. This is a key aspect in the management model proposed, the aim is to achieve a uniform definition syntactically wide knowledge management contributing experts, regardless of the manufacturer managed resource. This poses a great effort, it is necessary to conduct a uniform definition of all knowledge management applicable to all communication resources available. It is therefore necessary to identify the definition of knowledge management as a task in the design of new communications resources. From this arise denominated Integrated Management System Expert, a new paradigm that will contain distinct aspects to the management techniques used so far, making a separate application of knowledge provided by the expert systems and information resource management managed. In our proposal knowledge management and information management are part of the management model, in our case the OSI Model. Knowledge of the Expert Systems will be treated more as a property belonging to the managed object.

Author: Mata Mata Francisco.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: Escuela Politécnica Superior.
Place of preparation: Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Jaén.

Summary: The Decision Making (TD) is undoubtedly one of the core activities of humans, as we are constantly facing situations where there are several alternatives and, at least sometimes, we have to decide which is better, or what conduct. The TD was applied in various disciplines such as Social Sciences, Economics, Engineering, etc.. A classic problem of decision has the following basic elements: 1. A set of alternatives or possible decisions. 2. A set of states of nature that define the context in which the problem arises. 3. A useful set of values, each of which is associated with a couple consisting of an alternative and a state of nature. 4. A function that establishes preferences expert (decisor) on the possible outcomes. A specific case of problems Takes Decision problems are in Group Decision Making (TDG). Such problems can be defined as a decision that involves a number of experts who try to find the best solution to it. In some problems TDG is possible that the experts to express their views in a precise manner using quantitative values. But often the case that experts work with vague or inaccurate information because they have to qualify qualitative aspects hardly assessable through accurate values. In these cases it is more appropriate to use terms lingüsticos that fit better with this type of points. Use Approach Lingüstico Difuso has been successful in representing and evaluating qualitative information, using variable lingüsticas to represent qualitative information. In TDG problems involved in a comprehensive and varied expertise, it is very common that they belong to different fields of study or have a different degree of knowledge about the problem. This may force them to use their own sets of terms lingüsticos with different semantics and / or granularity to express their views. Such problems are known in the literature as problems TDG defined in a context lingüstico multigranular. Solve a problem of TDG required to conduct two processes: 1) Process Consensus: In this process, the experts discussed and change their views in order to achieve a level of agreement or consensus appropriate. The figure appears that the moderator is responsible for checking the level of consensus among experts. If necessary, the moderator may suggest changes in the opinions of experts and so far more reaching a greater degree of consensus. 2) Selection Process: Once you reach the level desired consensus, choose the better or best alternative solution to the problem. The importance of consensus in the field of decision-making group to ensure that the final decisions will be accepted by everyone in the group has been the reason that has led us to consider the development of models that automate the consensus consensus process. Proposals and results: The processes of consensus in real life involving a person who performs the duties of moderator. This has been commissioned to assess the degree of consensus reached in each of the rounds that comprise it and recommend to the experts as to be closer to change their views. In decision problems in which the experts deal with imprecise information or attempting to assess aspects of qualitative nature, it is advisable to use a modeling preferences lingüstico to express their views. In particular, problems may occur TDG that each expert use their own set of terms lingüsticos to express their views and it is different from the rest of experts. Tenien 8 do in cu acf enta these circumstances and the goals that we are at the beginning of our research in the development of models able to reproduce automatically processes consensus, in memory of this doctoral thesis proposes two models of systems support the consensus results can be summarized in the following points: 1. Model SAC for problems TDG defined contexts lingüsticos multigranulares. The proposed model gets automate processes by replacing the consensus figure of the human moderator and conducting operations that it has been assigned. Within a context lingüstico multigranular, have defined a set of measures and operators to assess the level of agreement reached over the consensus process. By working with information lingüstica multigranular, has used a methodology supported by fuzzy sets to unify information lingüstica and able to operate with it. The model incorporates a Oriented System Recommendations based on a set of rules that identifies more divergent preferences and recommend the direction in which the experts have to change to get closer to the rest of experts and thus increase the degree of consensus gradually. 2. Model Support System for Adaptive Consensus. Models consensus in the literature do not address the problem of optimizing the process of consensus. In this report we have proposed a new model adaptive to optimize processes consensus whose results were as follows: We have identified three procedures for searching preferences to change. Depending on the degree of consensus reached in each round, will run a different procedure, thus adapting its operating model to the level of agreement. Comparing the results returned by the two models, one can see how the model adaptive optimizes consensus process to improve the speed of convergence towards consensus and reducing the number of rounds to be carried out to achieve it.

Author: ALVAREZ ZARATE JOSE MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Medicina.

Summary: The main objective of this thesis was the empirical design of a methodology for assessing the risk of injury at the level of the upper extremities, raised primarily for the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries related to the work of simple implementation and valued in conjunction factors risk crucial to the development of musculoskeletal disorders related to work in the upper extremities (strength, posture and repetition), analyzing so individualized wrist, elbow and shoulder. This development has led, in addition, the study of maximum forces of the working population, analysis of movements and the use of a sentinel system to compare the results obtained. Also, the methodology proposed in this paper is consistent with one of the most widely used in Spain for risk assessment related to security (NTP-330 System simplified risk assessment of the accident at the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Work), which aims to facilitate the interpretation of results and allows the unification of evaluation criteria in the various disciplines covered by the preventive RD 39/973 (Safety, Hygiene and Ergonomics and Psicosociología Applied).

Author: FALCO BOUDET JOSE MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO POLITECNICO SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: CENTRO POLITECNICO SUPERIOR.

Summary: Guide is a system of guided indoors for people with disabilities. Depending on the characteristics of the person to guide and the architectural elements of the building that is being accessed GUIDE calculates the optimal path so that the person can access safely at its destination (s) you want (s). GUIDE "accompanies" the person during the entire journey, broadcasting messages guided necessary. Messages guided refer to the indicators present in the building. GUIDE is able to recalculate the trajectory in real time, in case of needs sobrevenidas (new destinations, alarms, blocked roads, loss or confusion ,...) not provided in the calculation of the initial trajectory. GUIDE is a modular system: CALCULADOR OF HISTORY - GENERATOR - ISSUER PATHS OF MESSAGES - LOCATOR - ATTENTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT. Each module operates separately parallel to the operation of the remainder. In developing GUIDE are designed two experiments. The first of these has been implemented and has proven efficient GUIDE.

Author: ARAUJO CUNHA RAUL ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIBLIOTECONOMÍA Y DOCUMENTACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIBLIOTECONOMÍA Y DOCUMENTACIÓN.

Summary: The objective of this thesis is to show that with the current development of the new technologies of information and communication, it is possible to create new models of auditoriums and interactive robots, automatic which could play a substantive development of distance education in the country African Angola and Cape Verde and at the same time establish broad connections between tutors Iberian.

Author: DOMÉNECH DE SORIA JOSEP.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: Abstract This dissertation is focused on the study of the prefetching technique applied to the World Wide Web. This technique lies in processing (e.g., downloading) a Web request before the user actually makes it. By doing so, the waiting time perceived by the user can be reduced, which is the main goal of the Web prefetching techniques. The study of the state of the art about Web prefetching showed the heterogeneity that exists in its performance evaluation. This heterogeneity is mainly focused on four issues: i) there was no open framework to simulate and evaluate the already proposed prefetching techniques; ii) no uniform selection of the performance indexes to be maximized, or even their definition; iii) no comparative studies of prediction algorithms taking into account the costs and benefits of web prefetching at the same time; and iv) the evaluation of techniques under very different or few significant workloads. During the research work, we have contributed to homogenizing the evaluation of prefetching performance by developing an open simulation framework that reproduces in detail all the aspects that impact on prefetching performance. In addition, prefetching performance metrics have been analyzed in order to clarify their definition and detect the most meaningful from the user's point of view. We also proposed an evaluation methodology to consider the cost and the benefit of prefetching at the same time. Finally, the importance of using current workloads to evaluate prefetching techniques has been highlighted; otherwise wrong conclusions could be achieved. The potential benefits of each web prefetching architecture were analyzed, finding that collaborative predictors could reduce almost all the latency perceived by users. The first step to develop a collaborative predictor is to make predictions at the server, so this thesis is focused on an architecture with a server-located predictor.

Author: COMA TATAY INMACULADA.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍAS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍAS.

Summary: This dissertation work focuses on the development of an architecture and a system for the design and implementation of situations or scenarios for the simulation of dynamic leadership. The main points of the work are: Analysis and classification of the scenarios used in simulation driving, as well as the steps taken during this task; study of the type of experiments are done and the tasks involved in them; obtaining, from these experiments, relevant information on basic scenarios. Definition and specification of data structures and architecture necessary for the design and implementation scenarios to simulate driving, which meet the conditions for integrating traffic and enable self-controlled and repeatable scenarios, and are compatible with the requirements of visualization in real time. Development of a graphical interface design and implementation scenarios that allows design scenarios and set parameters, as well as testearlos visually before his execution in the simulator. Development of a library delivery scenarios, including scenarios in a simulator and the functions required to implement ensuring maximum coherence of the system with autonomous traffic. In addition, the system allows storage of the necessary steps in the process of driving. Generation of all basic scenarios more common in the simulation experiments, using the architecture developed, which can be used in successive coercion setting some parameters concerning the environment that will be implemented. Rating System developed by taking measurements of the load introduced in the simulation process due to the implementation of the scenarios, as well as correcting them.

Author: MELIÁ BEIGBEDER SANTIAGO.
Year: 2006.
University: ALICANTE [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE ALICANTE.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE ALICANTE.

Summary: In recent years the Internet has evolved considerably, and Web applications are becoming more complex in terms of content, structure, behavior and interface. In addition, the requirement of an increasingly competitive market requires a very rapid start-up of these applications. Despite this, they still often Web applications are developed in a manner craft, reducing the chances of success in its development and subsequent maintenance. Here arises within laIngeniería Software Engineering discipline called Web ele-centered development and study of particualaridades who introduced the family of Web applications. There are many proposals set out in this desciplina that are applied successfully on real cases and that focus primarily on capturing the functional aspects, namely content, navagación and presentation. However, because of the youth of these proposals, there are certain deficiencies or areas that still remain to be filled; 1 .- The absence in the consideration of the architectural aspects that allow capture aspects such as distribuicón of componenes, scalability of the system, the maintenance, connectivity with legacy systems, and so on. 2 .- Lack of traceability from the models of the functional approaches to implementation. 3 .- The existence of multiple notations to represent the same concepts functional in the same functional concepts in the different methodologies. To address these shortcomings, the thesis of this paper defines a specific development process for Web applications notable for the inclusion of artifacts architecture and the introduction of automation facilities for acelarar placing on the market of Web applications. To do this, you define a set of model Software Architecture complementing the role models from the methodologies of Ingenería site, thus providing a more comprehensive specification of the application. From these models anállisis initiating an automated process and traceable through a set of transformations model to model performing integration into a model of design that contains aspects arquiectónicos next to the functional aspects. In the last step defines a set of transformations that converts text to model the model of integrated design in the different implementations for different platforms. To support this proposal is implemented unra tool web call WebTE that allows the definition of the various artifacts of the process through the use of standards, thus obtaining interoperability with other tools.

Author: NAVARRO MARTINEZ ELENA MARIA.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA [www.uclm.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ALBACETE.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ALBACETE.

Summary: Requirements Engineering establishes the foundation on which the system-to-be should be implemented and gives support for requirements validation and evolution over time. Architectural models have a lower abstraction level than requirements, being closer to the end system, and they must be consistent with defined requirements in order to produce a valid solution. Recently, increased attention has been paid to how to establish and strengthen the relationships between requirements and architectural design. In particular, how the process must encompass the definition of requirements over time and their effects upon a system’s architecture. This thesis presents our work in this field. It describes the methodology called ATRIUM (Architecture Traced from RequIrements applying a Unified Methodology) to guide the architecture definition that pays special attention to the functional and non-functional requirements that must be met by the system-to-be. In its definition, the Aspect-Oriented approach has been considered as cornerstone helping to specify properly the detected concerns of the system-to-be. In addition, we should mention that this work follows mainly the guidelines of the domain-oriented proposals. For this reason, customization of Models and Process has been considered mandatory in order to facilitate its application to different domains. In addition, automation has also been used in those tasks that could be error-prone or cumbersome. A tool, called MORPHEUS, which allows the analyst the specification of the different Models and its later exploitation, supports ATRIUM. By means of its exploitation, ATRIUM has been put into practice in a real case study, the EFTCoR project, which has facilitated the validation of the proposal.

Author: RUIZ DELGADO MARIA CARMEN.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA [www.uclm.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ALBACETE.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ALBACETE.

Summary: The dissertation subject of this report is part of the use of formal methods in the study of concurrent systems. In more concrete terms, addresses the specification and evaluation of performance of concurrent systems in which it is considered that the resources available by cooperating processes and / or compete are limited, as happens in real life. As formalism for the specification of such systems has been used an extension Time Process Algebra (BTC), which allows to take into account the resource constraints discussed previously. This approach represents a breakthrough in the study of concurrent systems as it deals with the study of parallelism real, but also introduces a new ingredient not previously considered as is the possibility that a process will be waiting (blocked) to the inability to obtain a required resource. Therefore, a process will be affected in their performance not only by the synchronizations inherent in the system under study (cooperation), but also because of competition for resources. First define the syntax and semantics of operational algebra presented and subsequently submitted several applications within existing fields such as e-commerce protocols or flexible manufacturing systems.