EVALUATION NEUROBIOLOGICAL REGENERATIVE ELECTRODE AS AN INTERFACE BETWEEN NERVES INJURED AND PROSTHETICS BIÓNICASSummary: Using neuroprótesis, developed to replace artificially or mimetrizar functions sensorimotoras in patients with neurologic deficits, including the use of interfaces in the Peripheral Nervous System via electrodes, which allows neuromuscular stimulation and recording of neural signals. Electrodes regentaremos are designed to be implanted between the severed ends of a peripheral nerve regenerative thus creating an interface capable of stimulating and recording neural signals. The applicability of these electrodes depends on the success of axonal regeneration through drilling electrode Regenerative of possible nerve damage due to mechanical load imposed by the electrode or forces constrictivas within drilling, and the biocompatibility of the components , especially in a chronic implantation. The objective of this study were, first, the evaluation of nerve regeneration through electrodes regentaremos implanted chronically severed between segments of rat sciatic nerve. All animal implanted regenerate through the electrode. However, between 6 and 12 months postimplante there has been a decline in reinervación functional and the number of distal axones regenerative level, possibly by an understanding axonal level drilling electrode. Another outcome of the first paragraph, was the observation of the lower proportion of axones engines regenerating through the electrode, with respect to sensory axones. These data were corroborated with those obtained by counting neurons regenerate through the electrode. Once proven regeneration through such interfaces, the next objective was the removal of neural signals to the electrodes regenerative through functional and electrical stimuli at distal. The results show the difficulty in obtaining neural signals, since only in 50% of cases are derived neural records. In some cases is breaking the tape that allows union with the external connector due probably to pull mechanical, and in other cases by the lack of regeneration and reinervación distal, facts that suggest the need for improvements in the design of the electrode and to seek strategies for improving the regneración. Since the ultimate goal of Regenerative electrode is being implanted in a nerve amputee, we are assessing axonal regeneration in a model of amputation avoiding reinervación of the targets distal axones and explore whether they were able to remain functional chronically and whether it was Modular regeneration through transplantation of Schwann cell (SC). Our results show how axones are able to regenerate and maintained chronically even without the ability to reach their target tissues. The transplantation of CS primary culture has a positive impact on the regeneration and maintenance of the model axones amputation, but does not increase the degree of axonal maturation. Instead, the transplant CS immortalized in a line of a barrier to regeneration in this model. It is the overexpression of GDNF by these cells which have a positive impact on regeneration. In the last paragraph of this work has been evaluated motor axonal regeneration in different patterns of injury and repair as well as evaluating the regneración motor and sensory transplant dorsal or ventral root. From the results achieved noteworthy as lost topography typical of the sciatic nerve after section of it and how it relates this loss of fasciculation with the results obtained functional level. Moreover, the graft of a ventral root among segments of a divided promotes nerve regeneration motor in the early stages while the graft of a dorsal root affects positively to the regneración sensory.
