SECTORAL POLICIES

Author: BERMEJO GIBRERO JOSE LUIS.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS, POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In our thesis on political power and the administration of justice in Spain Baroque we wanted to demonstrate the deep connections that are seen in modern times between the political sphere and the world when there are legal disputes by legal means. In principle, a whole tradition that starts from the late Middle Ages tries to distinguish the two levels of government and the administration of justice, and surpassed the previous phase where the law covered all political imaginable. But as affirming the ideals of absolute monarchy is difficult, especially in times conflicting, leaving a field free-in an idealista- for the administration of justice. In any event, there will always be areas particularly prone to political interference. This is true of the series of rebellions, riots and disturbances that occur over a period of the sixteenth century with some prior background. Here the power political power has to act, in one way or another, whether you want to endure. But the modalities of operation vary from one case to another, is not the same repression that applies to the riots in Palermo, Naples or at Messina, to cite examples Italians, then belonging to the Spanish monarchy. Moreover, political power is facing a serious problem: that of special jurisdictions. That is why we took assess the scope and significance of the performance of political power in these "free territories" as far as jurisdiction is concerned. And the same thing happens here, the performance of political power depend on the issues and the conyuntura by crossing the historical moment chosen. For others, the political power of which we have been speaking can not fail to exercise control over judicial activities. Such control is manifested mainly in inquiries, visits and trials of residence. Finally, faced with the concept of a rigorous justice, we find the counterpoint of the grace of the king that we have analyzed in its various characteristics. The thesis ends with a bibliography and an appendix documentary.

Author: JARAMILLO CONTRERAS MARIO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA IVO Y G.
Place of preparation: FAC. CC. POLITICAS.

Summary: This thesis is based on the assumption that innovation intelectural was so decisive in resolving the crisis in the 30's in Colombia, as were the structures of state and political inheritance. That intellectual innovation is also a matrix as definitive as estuctura. It raises, in sum, that the activities of politicians and the demands of political and social groups expressed the demands of social groups expressed politically not only in terms of inheritance and structures of state but of innovation intelectural. Within this theoretical framework, the work is focused on the situation in Colombia during the Great Depression. Take the figure of Esteban Jaramillo as the innovator intelectural and, therefore, as the architect of economic recovery.

Author: COLINO CÁMARA CÉSAR.
Year: 2004.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In the context of the current discussion on academic policy and institutional change of federations and the possibilities for its reform, this thesis investigates the factors that explain the differences and similarities in the evolution of different federations in the long term and the importance of structures , history and institutional own logic, as opposed to the policies of reform intentional, in the extent and rate of federations. Through comparative analysis and historical change two federations and several cases of reform of the federal institutions, discusses the propensity to change for different types of federations, the ways and paths camtiio and their handicaps, in particular, institutional. To do so, after organizing and critically reviewing the various theoretical and empirical literature on institutional change in political science and its applications for federal institutions, a comparative and historical analytical model that presents several arguments explaining patterns and trends change in the federations. The proposed analytical model distinguishes between long-term change and reform initiatives in areas specific institutional at critical times of change. From a long-term perspective, attempts to measure the relative importance in the process of changing a number of factors histórico-institucionales, external pressures or structural and deliberate policies of institutional change in different federations. This is observe the association between these factors and trends formal and informal exchange and scope of evolution, adaptation or persistence of the system. These trends change are measured using empirical operationalization of the concept of sub-federal and identifying stages in their evolution. This will provide elements to understand the role of history, global trends or social action and political actors in the transformation of the federal institutions. Additionally, from a short-term perspective or circumstantial, the aim is to try to understand the constraints of the moments of change deliberate or critical of the system and its potential to occur. To do so, it seeks to establish in different federations and various sectors of the federal action or reform, the relative influence they have on the content and outcome of the reform efforts, certain conditions and institutional capacities, as opposed to cyclical pressures, political factors the time or the characteristics of one's own reform initiatives. The empirical analysis focuses on the cases of Espafia and Germany in the past two decades. In these countries are studying the processes of change from a long-term perspective and on system level, and since the short term, at the meso-and micro-decisions in several areas and institutional matters such as the decentralization of authority, reform Financing schemes and the reform of the second chamber. The proposed analytical model applies to both countries, empirically considering the relevance of each of the explanatory factors.

Author: GARCÍA JURADO ROBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The theory of democracy in the United States: Almond, Lipset, Dahl, Huntington and Rawls. The thesis presents a comparative study on the development of democracy in five Americans theorists of the social sciences. All of them have had enormous significance beyond the borders of the United States and are responsible for reference in the debate today. The thesis holds a history of all intellectual and explores the points of convergence and disagreement. In all cases there is the closed defense of liberal democracy, although there is a discrepancy in its foundation, a policy in the case of Rawls and from an empirical perspective on the rest. It also repeats the lineups with regard to pluralism as a principle of partnership in the modern world, where Rawls questioned the pluralistic conception of his colleagues. Briefly, the thesis aims to provide a listing of political theory characteristics thought of these writers, highlighting their weaknesses and inconsistencies or a connection comparative.

Author: CASTILLO GÓMEZ LUIS CARLOS.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGIA.

Summary: This thesis explores the reinvention of the ethnicity of indigenous and black people in Colombia and its use in the political struggle to transform the nation into a mestizo nation which has as its foundation the plural ethnic and cultural diversity. The research part of a broad version of the contemporary literature on identity and its different types: ethnic, and national and territorial claims, according to the constructivist approach is that the whole identity is built. From a historical perspective, it shows that the imaginary cristianizador contributed to the construction of indigenous and black people as inferior beings. That continued after the breakup of the Spanish Empire and made the imaginary part of the mestizo nation, which political elites Colombian built since the second half of the nineteenth century, to run that Indians and blacks did not constitute a material suitable for nation building since beings were refractory to progress, uncivilized and insensitive to culture. The thesis claims that the previous situation changed following the constitution of the year 1991 that recognizes the multiethnic and multicultural nature of Colombian society. It posits the hypothesis that this transformation took place thanks to the complex mix; on the one hand, internal factors such as the struggle of ethnic movements that intrumentalizaron difference to claim cultural and territorial rights, but on the other, external factors such as the formation of a globalized international arena where the speech of minority rights, environmental protection and human rights assumes great strength and becomes a crucial support to the movement of ethnic minorities. Finally, we analyze the territorial changes and the recognition of cultural and political rights for indigenous people and blacks that have occurred since the enactment of the Constitution of 1991. We conclude that territorial changes have been substantial since almost a quarter of the national territory is under the name of Territorial Entities (TSI) and Indian lands collective black community, but the war afflicting Colombia has become a formidable obstacle for Indians and blacks brought new territorialidades. In the development of the theory were applied qualitative research techniques such as discourse analysis, interviews and field work. It was conducted between February 2003 and July 2004 in the two regions of Colombia with the highest concentration of indigenous and black, the department of Cauca and the Pacific Coast, respectively.

Author: PUENTE REGIDOR MÓNICA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The behavior of stock market indices is motivated by a different set of variables, where certain political events take a special relevance in the decisions of investors. This paper carries out a study of the evolution of the Spanish stock exchange since its inception in the nineteenth century, analyzing the nature and genesis of the political element and its influence on the development of the stock market Spanish during the twentieth century and the current forms of expression Spanish pockets where this fits into a context of economic and financial globalization. Graphical representation of fluctuations in securities give us the stock market indices to their own brokerage houses or certain companies perform rating. To approach the behavior of the Spanish stock exchange, we use prior to 1940, changes in the quotations, from 1940, the index General of the Madrid Stock Exchange, and the development and specialty securities markets in the decade in the nineties, with the indexes selective, in the case of Spain, weighted index of 35 companies most liquid quoted in the Spanish market, the Ibex 35. These graphs and data crossed with the history and process those who had the greatest impact on the stock market and thus jointly explain what relationship show. Analysis of the Spanish stock market shows that there are two phases in the evolution of the Spanish stock market, a first, from his birth to our joining the EEC and a second period began with the approval of our political system, economic and financial and that the SEC has placed the Spanish stock exchange within the whole world bags. The political element is evident in the stock market so different in the first period, as a bag localist, intervened, becoming dependent on the national political and a second period where the high degree of interrelation delas investment and the process of globalization, in all these areas, produce that investors are influenced by the situation of the whole international system.