INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Author: SANHUEZA CARVAJAL RAÚL.
Year: 2001.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE DERECHO.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE DERECHO.

Summary: The thesis examines the development of the Ibero-American Conference was established in July 1991 at the Guadalajara Summit, which brought together the heads of state and government of the 21 sovereign states of Spanish-speaking and Portuguese in the Americas and Europe (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Colombia, Eucador, Spain, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela). Over ten years, these 21 countries have created a mechanism for consultation and cooperation characterized by its political importance and determined by the confusion of its objectives and contents, by their weakness and their inability to adapt to changes in the last decade of the twentieth century in Latin America. The conclusion of the tsis is that the exercise should be abandoned or changed profoundly, by establishing a dialogue iberoamericano characterized by the responsibility of the participants and a certain symmetry in taking responsibility. To arrive at this result is a dual analysis: a review diplomat, which affect the technical nature of the Conference, while informal mechanism of consultation and a survey of its nature from the perspective of international relations, particularly the prism of realism political mainstream of international relations. Elt rabajo is divided into four chapters: the first discusses the theoretical framework, the second refers to the evolution of the Conference (more distant from their background, based on the relationship hispano-latinoamericana), and the third deals with the assessment mechanism and fourth determines the nature of the mechanism while subsystem, or system pathological or abnormal regime.

Author: MUÒâOZ SALA CELESTE.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y SOCIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y SOCIOLOGICA.

Summary: The nature of this work is to conduct a comparative study between the agreements signed between the State espaÃÂ ± ol and the Holy See in 1976 and 1979, and the agreements signed between the State espaÃÂ ± ol and minority religious denominations in 1992, from the perspective the principles constitucionales.El work begins with a anÃÂ ¡lisis histÃÂ ³ rico of relations between the state and religious denominations who take as their starting point the constitutionalism of the nineteenth century and concludes with the constitution of 1978, as a fundamental rule that establishes principles personalism, equality in freedom (justice), freedom of conscience, participaciÃÂ ³ n pluralism and tolerance, lacicidad State and cooperaciÃÂ charges state with religious denominations. The fundamental part of the work focuses on the analysis of the relationship Estado-fenÃÂ ³ meno religious from the perspective of constitutional principles and their development in the Agreements of 1979 on Case JurÃÂdicos on EnseÃÂ ± anza and Cultural Affairs and Armed military service clÃÂ © rigos and religious and Agreements cooperaciÃÂ charges in 1992 between the State espaÃÂ ± ol and FederaciÃÂ charges of Evangelical Religious Entities of EspaÃÂ ± a, with the FederaciÃÂ ³ n Jewish Communities of EspaÃÂ ± ay withthe ComisiÃÂ ³ n IslÃÂ ¡mica of EspaÃÂ ± a, the prospect of the principles of constituciÃÂ charges in 1978.

Author: CORDAL RODRÍGUEZ CONSTANTINO.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIALES UCM.

Summary: The involvement of the Regions in the decision-making process of the European Union is a matter of indisputable now that has gained considerable importance in recent years. The investigation is divided into five parts (The concept of Region in the European Community: The regional presence in the European Union; Cases of Belgium, Germany and Austria as models advanced regional participation in the decision-making of the European Union; Other cases of regional involvement in community affairs and the Spanish Autonomous Communities), subdivided into various chapters. To approach to the complex problems that covers this work, it has been decided to dedicate the first part of the conceptual definition and analysis of the facts surrounding the European Region. Once past the initiation of the investigation, sets out the ways in which the Regions, through its presence in the Community institutions and bodies, and other means of representation, to participate in the decision-making process of the Union European. Having stated these channels of regional representation at the community level, analyzing the cases of Communities and Regions Belgians, the Germans and LÃ ¤ nder of LÃ ¤ nder Austrians, Europeans apparently referring only valid if we ceñimos to the theme here studied for the Spanish Autonomous Communities. Then we approached, with less depth, other cases of regional involvement in community affairs (Regions Italian, Portuguese Autonomous Regions of the Azores and Madeira, the Aland Islands finladesas, Scotland and Wales) is not as well developed as those discussed in the third part of the research. The fifth part, the most extensive and complex, is exclusively devoted to the analysis of the problematic situation which, in relation to the subject of the investigation currently exists in Espña. Thus, analyze the evoución that has occurred since our State's accession to the European Community until now, in this line of work, identified a series of dates and facts enormously important, both politically and legally, which have generated significant modifications. También se expone una modesta aportación al debate existente en torno a la reforma del Senado, cuya eventual realización puede traer consigo consecuencias fundamentales sobre la materia aquí tratada. The investigation ends with a series of proposals aimed at finding solutions to the cotnradictoria situation in the Spanish State, where the autonomous communities have been limited by the central government exercising powers assigned legally in the law.

Author: MORENO IZQUIERDO RAFAEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The central goal of the Doctoral Thesis is the study of cooperation mititar between the United Nations and the Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) in the operation Bosnia-Herzogivina during the period between the years 1991 and 1995 when it was a mission peacekeepers led by the UN. A cooperative study taking into account new parameters of the concept of international security and adaptations of both organizations to the new environment of the post-Cold War and the settlement of regional conflicts. The thesis examines in detail the ideological evolution of the two institutions with regard to jointly try to solve the Balkan crisis and contradictions incurred in the process. It also reviews the concept of peacekeeping from different perspectives, as well as the elements that make up this instrument of the international community. At a practical level, analyzes the concrete forms of cooperation between the two and success or failure accounting field. In particular, he examines the concepts of Close Air Support, Air Attacks, Exclusion Zones and Safe Zones. The role of the Rapid Reaction Force and the contingency plans drawn up by NATO regarding the theater are studied, also in relation to how affected the decision-making process of the two institutions. The findings demonstrated that the success or failure of this collaboration was not only relevant in relation to this particular conflict but tmaibén had a profound inlfuencia in the framework for action that the great powers (especially the United States) decided later in relacioón with other crises (Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, etc..), as well as possibilities for real cooperation between these two organizations, the two most important of the international community.

Author: GARCIA MIGUELAÑEZ GUILLERMO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The doctoral research includes the study of the evolution of political, social and economic carried out in Turkey to meet the accession criteria set out in Copenhagen in 1993. The author makes a detailed analysis on the political system turkish focus on the emergence and consolidation of political Islam turkish, on the status of genetic human rights and minorities nacioneales, especially the Kurdish case, on bilateral relations with Greece, mainly the issue Cyprus and territorial disputes in the Aegean gang on the macroeconomic situation and the possibilities for growth and competitiveness of the Turkish economy, on the importance of the geopolitical position of Turkey to the Union states Europea.A through that, the author discusses the achievements of Turkey in the process of integration of the European Union during this period and how those results were reflected directly in the historic decision of the European Council in Brussels on 17 December 2004 to open accession negotiations with Turkey. The author poses challenges to be presented in this negotiation process that opens from October 3, 2005, bearing in mind that the sole purpose of that is the full accession of Turkey to the European Union

Author: PARRA BARBOSA JOSE FRANCISCO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: IUIOG CC.PP.
Place of preparation: IUIOG..

Summary: This thesis research addresses a complex problem of globalization: the transnational migration and its relationship with the country's political institutions of origen.Para that end, the study is an analysis of the major contributions of theories and democratic liberalism, conluir that citizenship is nothing more than an adaptation of the same principles to the context of emigración.La citizenship tansnacionales is nothing more than a theory of justice for immigrants transnationals, the case study to evaluate both scenarios, such as targets of the investigation, is the phenomenon of migration of Mexicans to the United States over 150 years, the tradition of initiating a process of "round-trip" dse maintained over the years, made it one the most important experiences in this field estudios.El vote of Mexicans abroad is the dependent variable of this investigation, the political elite and parliamentary 1977-2003, and institutional change through the electoral forms are the main variables independent involved in the conduct of our estudios.La thesis estÂ'sa organized into four chapters: the first is a theoretical discussion of condepto citizenship, the second refers to the new institutionalism, and the third is an analysis of the modus operandi of the House of Deputies of Mexico; the fourth presents the results of field work, valuable quantitative data for analysis and inferencias.Por Finally, the conclusions are checked objectives and the main scenario, and concludes with a series of reflections on the immediate future our study.

Author: DÍAZ ABRAHAM LEONARDO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: This research aims to assess and address the central some of the theoretical elements essential to better understand the phenomenon of Official Decentralized Cooperation for Development (CODD) conducted by the central governments do not (CNG) Union member countries European particularly during the nineties. Under this perspective, we also will seek to identify public institutions sub or CNG as dynamic actors or potential within the international system. But the variety of examples that illustrate this research to contextualize the phenomenon under consideration at the global level, attention is focused on the field of relations euro-latinoamericanas as this link in particular was regarded as a ground for developing these activities at its greatest potential. Mainly, in Latin America this condition can be attributed to the overall expansion of the channels of social action and policy frameworks for more democratic participation, in addition, the resulting redistribution of responsibilities to other levels of government is not central. Simultaneously, it has influenced the insertion of Latin America-so notoriously uneven across countries, regions and municipalities within the spiral of economic globalization and the expansion of relations under this scheme. As for the European Union and the member countries, we can identify common in the growing interest in enabling more effective instruments for the proper performance of development cooperation, often in support of the processes of democratization and improvement in the productivity levels and global consumption in this region.

Author: AYLLÓN PINO BRUNO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The thesis deals with the study of the relationship between Brazil and Spain from the perspective of what the relationship hispano-brasileñas have meant and meant historically to the objectives, goals and principles of foreign policy brasileña.Para It identifies forces deep and tactores of political, social and cultural explaining mutual irrelevance as a key feature delas historical relations between Brazil and España.Con a long-term perspective, attentive to the long-term movements that have traveled contacts between the two countries, is part Historical analysis to examine the most important developments of bilateral relations and the time from which occurs overcoming irrelevance and the materialization of interesee common direction to the privileged partnership in which embodies Hispanic Brazilian relations in the decade - nineties of the twentieth century on the basis of three processes: democratization, integration and stability and economic openness.

Author: VALLE DE FRUTOS SONIA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.

Summary: The Doctoral Thesis under the title: "Theory of Transculturación: Communication and Development" is composed of two parts: a theoretical, which set out the most important theories on cultural relations and civilizatorias that have been developed in major science disciplines social, and a practical part, which is a contrast between the main concepts of the theory and the basic concepts and cultural indicators of the major international organizations. The study of relationships and processes transcu1turación which is made from the story. From authors such as Toynbee, Spengler and Braudel, offers a detailed analysis of how civilizations and cultures interact under their respective space constraints. The classic anthropological studies of the hands of Lévi-Strauss, Kroeber, Herskovits, Redfield and Linton, among others, show us, under the framework of the process of acculturation, the different forms that were expressed in intercultural relations colonial intercivilizatorias. Since sociology is developed, from the research of Castells and Bell on the process of construction of cultural identity, a systematic analysis on how involved different fonnas identity in cultural development. Studies in communication sciences, from authors like McLuhan, Hamelink and Beltran, provide us with a type of cultural relations and civilizatorias, and the study of the forms of communication and their impact on the development of cultures and civilizations. The science of international relations is listed as the most appropriate framework for studying cultural relations and civilizatorias, from authors such as Wight, Wallerstein, Deutsh and Duroselle. However, exceptionally have studied the processes and relationships transculturation. Finally, the practical part of the thesis, presents a critical analysis of the key concepts and cultural indicators that apply in institutions such as UNDP, the OECD, the European Union and UNESCO, highlighting those studies that focus on flows cultural property.

Author: BARRADAS CUEVAS ANDRES.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Y GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y DE LA COMUNICACIÓN.

Summary: The thesis provides a systematic research on the increased internationalization of the federal states Mexicans in general and in particular in the case of the State of Veracruz. The thesis lies the growing importance of external action in the framework of Veracruz, on the one hand, the process of renewal of the Mexican political system and, secondly, in the direction of neo-liberal policies deployed in Mexico in recent years, where there is a discreet transformation of foreign policy. The case study of Veracruz is supplemented by a comparative approach that links its model of the external action of estdos of Chihuahua, Baja California and Jalisco.

Author: GURRUCHAGA RODRIGUEZ MIREN EDURNE.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Y GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y DE LA COMUNICACIÓN.

Summary: The thesis provides a systematic research on the importance of knowing the transformation that has taken place in the Mexican diplomacy. The study was initiated at a time when socially contentious for Mexico, with the international observation of the actions taken by the government and where applicable diplomacy based on the principles and becomes a commercial diplomacy due to internal and external developments in the country He ends with an analysis diplomat from the early years of the change of government, based on principles of diplomacy but adapting to the pace demanded the international arena.

Author: SAEZ GARRIDO LAURA MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FAC. DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FAC. DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In 1969, after the worst years of the Cultural Revolution, China decided to open a new diplomatic policy and return to the International System, trying to occupy its rightful role commensurate with its political weight in the world. He began to develop a strategic alliance with the US, Chinese ambassadors returned to their posts abroad, and most countries began to recognize the government of the PRC as the sole legitimate throughout China, including Spain. In 1971 managed to also recover its legitimate seat as a member in the United Nations, until then held by the government of Taiwan. The thesis is thus divided into two parts. The first revolves around China, and the second around Spain. The first part examines the end of the international isolation that was found under the People's Republic of China for two decades, and the process by which it was overcome this situation, China returning to the international scene in a role commensurate with its position. Within this context consider the establishment of diplomatic relations between Spain and China in the year 1973, as seen from an international perspective in which it is carried out. The second part examines the historical moment in which Spain under the regime of General Franco, made an opening in its foreign policy towards Democracies Popular, establishing diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, thus recognizing the legitimacy of such a government, and breaking its relations with Taiwan established in the year 1952.

Author: PRADO LALLANDE JUAN PABLO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD C.C. POLITICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD C.C. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: Conditionality of development cooperation, understood as the economic and political reforms sought by several donors receptive to their recipients, as stated purpose is to serve as a means to foster better opportunities for development. However, in most cases it has been unable to achieve its aims explicitly raised, as it usually North-South relations in the political and economic considerations prevail regarding the unrestricted promotion of democracy and human rights. Given these facts, this thesis examines the reasons why conditionality policy has not produced the expected results, and why, before such evidence, this resource continues to occur and becoming doctrinaire as supportive of the current system of development cooperation.

Author: SANTIAGO SÁNCHEZ JORGE LUIS DE.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.

Summary: This dissertation consists of basically a general introduction and four parties that make up the body of the thesis. In the first, we explored the economic and democratic transformation of Latin American countries, thus laying the groundwork for explaining how it was the change of Latin American societies, with an emphasis on the cases of Mexico and Chile. In the second, it was explained what has been the evolution of the European Union and the prospects that it has in its relations with Latin America, with brief references to the cases of Chile and Mexico, to finally revise summits Eurolatinoamericanas. In the third, it was noted the importance of the relationship between Mexico and United States, which after the signing of NAFTA (Treaty of Free Trade in North America), served as a catalyst for a change in Mexico's foreign policy, thereby promoting a search of diversifying its relations político-comerciales and whose remarkable next step was the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on cooperation with the EU, whose content and impact are discussed in this section. In the fourth, the theme was developed based on the evolution of the Chilean relations with the outside world after the fall of General Augusto Pinochet, to delve into the Andean country's relations with the EU since the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on Cooperation , which was investigated along with the impact this has had on bilateral relations so far. It was finally presented the findings based on the outcome of the investigation and the literature cited above general labor.

Author: ESCRIBANO ÚBEDA-PORTUGUÉS JOSÉ.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA (DPTO. DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO Y RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTUDI.

Summary: The European Union in its vocation as an international player, able to provide an alternative management of international society of Globalization regard to other existing models in the framework of the New Regionalism International, has to rely on the common foreign policy of trying to Responsibility exporting the European model at the interregional level, in order to contribute to the consolidation of democracy and socio-economic development, solidarity and sustainable development of the Latin American and Mediterranean countries, through the construction of the Euro-Mediterranean Free Eurolatinoamericano and Democracy, Peace, Security, Prosperity and Solidarity.

Author: YANG EUNSOOK.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: Applying the method essentially socio-histórico research. The Doctoral thesis analyzes the successive political unification planned by South Korea and North Korea since the Korean civil war until the end of the twentieth century, as well as the attitude of the international community over the so-called "Korean question". He then discusses the possible ways of addressing the unification and ending regional security framework under which serve a unified Korea. To that end, the thesis is divided into three parts: Part I covers Chapters 1 and 2, dealing with the general approach of the investigation and the origin and cause of the division of the Korean peninsula, respectively. Part II deals with the economic and political development of the two Korean states, while analyzes policies unification of the North and South during the Cold War. Moreover, studies the attitude of the international community towards the region during that period. Finally, Part III discusses the policy reorientation of unification from the end of the Cold War. Obstacles to the implementation of new initiatives related to unification. Possible unifying formulas and new challenges for a unified Korea in the field of security in Northeast Asia.

Author: LEE CHENG YUN-TSO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In this investigation it is proposed that while the objective of national development is the top priority in the political agenda of the Chinese government, it will shape the international scene in a foreign policy peaceful, cooperative, participatory and multilateral levels, as the only way to achieve such development. Therefore, it is unlikely that the time horizon closest China plans a foreign policy that seeks to rival or question the foundations today that the link with the West. This paper is divided into two main sections. The first is to plant the analytical foundations for a foreign policy review of China, which considered both elements emanating from the same reality of the country around the processes of design, implementation, and conduct of foreign policy china, as well as the development theory that has taken place in the country in the area of international relations to understand their own actions abroad. The second section of this paper reviews each of the relationships that China has built since its inception, with the western world. The review of its relations with the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization of the United Nations (UN), United States, Europe, Latin America, Russia, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN () and Japan takes consider the historical context in which they desenvuelto each, as the elements that create opportunities for cooperation or friction for future stability of the links between each of the parties.

Author: FERNÁNDE MAZARAMBROZ BERANBEU MIGUEL ANGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.
Place of preparation: CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.

Summary: The evolution of South Africa from an apartheid regime to a democratic regime is particularly relevant because it has achieved through a "negotiated revolution" of achieving this peacefully new stadium. The South African phenomenon is not univausal, but the result of an accumulation of factors or causes concatenated. Internal and external factors as a direct consequence has been a dramatic but peaceful evolution.

Author: OLIVÉ ELIAS MARIA.
Year: 2006.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI DE TARRAGONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE LLETRES- UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI DE TARRAGONA.

Author: PRIEGO MORENO ALBERTO.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The explanation made deals on setting up a regional system is not cooperative in the area of the South Caucasus after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was part of the structural problems for Russia to understand the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the three Caucasian republics. After 1991 Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan are beginning to integrate into the regional system that includes the non-cooperative players you always, Russia, Turkey and Iran over the new, the United States and the European Union. The entry into the game of new players is made possible by the redeployment of capacity generated by the collapsing Soviet bloc. The methodology used is a combination of systemic approach of David Easton (for national systems) and Kenneth Waltz (for the international systems). Once developed theoretical approach analyzes the interaction of the players (Russia, United States, European Union, Turkey and Iran) involved in the non-cooperative regional system that emerges in the South Caucasus region after the fall of Soviet Union.