DEMOGRAPHY

Author: GUTIÉRREZ GALLEGO JOSÉ ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Summary: This thesis has been carried out to determine the most important characteristics of the Spanish municipalities in the year 2001, based on a series of demographic and socioeconomic indicators of Spain who represent a wide disparity at the municipal level. Traditionally, the geographical space has been divided into spatial units defined by the homogeneity of demographic and socioeconomic factors, such as size, growth and level of development. However, it is important to divide the space in homogeneous units with other variables and clustering techniques. The technique of cluster analysis can be very useful in studies of different scales (local, regional, national) consider other types of variables. The analysis cluster or clusters is the name of a group of multivariate techniques whose main purpose is to group objects based on the features. The purpose of the analysis of clusters is the group of observations so that the data are very homogeneous within groups, minimum variance, and that these groups are as heterogeneous as possible among them, maximum variance. Thus we get a classification of multivariate data with which we can better understand them and the population from which they come. The cluster analysis can be characterized as descriptive, not theoretical and inferential. The cluster analysis has no statistical basis on which to deduct inferences statistics for a population based on a sample, and is used mainly as an exploratory technique. The solutions are not unique, in so far as that belonging to a conglomerate for any number of solutions depend on many elements of the procedure are available and many different solutions varying one or more elements. The objective of this thesis is to show, at the municipal level, the strong regional imbalances presenting each of the demographic and socio-economic indicators considered, as well as prioritize, classify and sort the Spanish municipalities into different categories in relation to these indicators.

Author: TREVIÑO MARURÍ ROCÍO.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENT DE SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The thesis examines the heterogeneity or homogeneity of the experience of single mothers through the complementarity of an optical cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal interrogándose on the timing and the implications of theoretical and analytical luso the category "single parent" as a category of sociological analysis. Areas of heterogeneity or homgeneidad of single mothers analyzed cover different dimensions: 1 - The cross-sectional analysis of the socio-demographic profile of single mothers on the basis of marital status and sex of the protagonists. 2 - The contrast of socio-demographic profiles at the time of entry and exit of single mothers. 3, or non-uniformity in relation to patterns of territorial distribution. 4, or non-uniformity in the pattern of output in terms of single mothers event of the same origin. 5 - The homogeneity and heterogeneity of single mothers in historical time and through the generations. 6-Desligar in analyzing what are effects of status monoparentaidad what are effects of gender. The statistical sources and were used primarily worked with the respective files are micro Population Census 1991 (INE) for the cross-sectional analysis and survey Sociodemográfica 1991 (INE) for the longitudinal analysis. However, in a complementary way, is also working with micro-data files of the Fertility and Family Surveys (PAU) from 12 European countries conducted in different years of the decade of the 90 also with the Statistics Population 1996 (IDESCAT), and finally the file micro Census of Population 2001. In the cross-sectional analysis of single mothers have used various methods of standardization (method of population type, method or type coefficients standardization by logistic regression) to control the disruptive effect of one or more variables in the study of the different socio-demographic profiles the respective collective mothers considered. For the longitudinal analysis has taken something biographical file in discrete time of the survey Sociodemográfica organized by the biographical information in person years of life to these data has been applied techniques demographic analysis of biographical data. We have analyzed the determinants of output and denied single mothers based on discrete time models using logistic regression and setting single mothers as a family transition. The results show that the main factors of uniformity in the status of single mothers in 1991 are: is a life experience primarily female; supposed arrest process offspring; phenomenon is not renewable (rentarías with negligible); is strongly associated with a complex age structure and a high labor force participation. The increasing heterogeneity of single mothers is given by the event giving rise to the entry into such a state and manifests itself in terms of the degree of weakness of the marital bond. The single mothers of single or coupled never introduced outlining sociodemographic more differentiated in relation to mothers living with a partner. The scenario that fits single mothers pass more than in the rest of the mothers-parent household by a complex structure and is a selection of women entering single mothers at the base of the social pyramid. The geographical location of this type of single mothers showed greater weight in the areas economically less dynamic. They show, in addition, a lower propensity for the exits by the union apart. The separation is framed by single mothers than in the rest of mothers with a strong link to the labor market. The entry point to a pattern of Chosen 8 ion l 771 as more educated women while the selection effect decreases in the most recent cohorts. The widows of single mothers are less associated with a complex age structure and a strong working relationship. Widows have an exit velocity of single mothers faster than the rest of mothers but this is because the output emancipation of the child or because it meets 18 years is faster. Not in recent generations of mothers separated or never connected, the status individually (occupation and instruction) is a negative relationship with outputs union in the early generations of mothers widows analyzed the relationship and status of marriage is positive. These patterns netrada and output are taking place in a context of historically low low single mothers. The male single parents also shows some of the elements of homogenizing the experience of monoparentalida, as the complexity of the home, but also configured as an experience "generated" which gives shorter duration of the phenomenon, selecting addition, and contrary to what passing between their female counterparts, the men of higher status for the exits by union.

Author: BAYONA I CARRASCO JORDI.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOGRAFIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENT DE GEOGRAFÍA Y CENTRE D'ESTUDIS DEMOGRÁFICS.

Summary: The evolution of the people of foreign nationality and their territorial distribution in the municipality of Barcelona are the objects of study of the Doctoral Thesis. Assumes that the sociodemographic characteristics of the population of foreign nationality and the entire population are explaining, in the context of the socio-economic hierarchy of the city, the settlement of foreign residents. Since the year 1991, until the most recent data from early 2006, discusses the evolution and composition of the population of foreign nationality in Barcelona, as well as its territorial distribution in neighborhoods and census tracts in the township, disaggregating data for major nationalities. In a situation characterized by polarization at the beginning of the nineties, it leads to a dispersion of immigration in all districts of the city. The initial concentration in the historic center (Ciutat Vella) from the beginning of the nineties is maintained throughout the period examined, emerging new areas of settlement related to the greater dispersion of Latin American and changing residential patterns of other nationalities for a larger settlement in the township. Thus, the northeastern districts of the municipality, where at the beginning of the nineties the international immigration was nonexistent, are today among the districts with the highest proportions of immigration, neighborhoods that grew as a result of previous migrations. The territory returned to replicate functions already known, Ciutat Vella as a point of arrival and initial insertion into the city, and neighborhoods of northeast neighborhoods as progressive settlement, where the socio-economic hierarchy of the municipality explains patterns for insertion over nationality. Moreover, it was also calculated the main statistical indicators that we summarized these patterns, finding a wide variety of situations: nationalities with high residential segregation and concentration; nationalities with an average concentration and segregation, and nationalities with low segregation residence, where the stage of the project migratory conjunction with the sociodemographic characteristics explain most of the processes of integration. Only nationalities should be more focused targeting other explanatory variables. Factors internal cohesion and external discrimination explains the higher concentrations. The situation found for the whole of the foreign population, which is characterized by low residential segregation, hides a strong precarious visible in the housing characteristics and their sobreocupación. Similarly to other cities in southern Europe, the spatial distribution of the foreign population is not informed us of its process of integration. We aim then the existence of a fragmented segregation, which is based on the housing market, with different patterns depending on the nationality of insertion.