ETHICAL PHILOSOPHY

Author: Calderón Quindós Fernando.
Year: 2004.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: Universidad de Valladolid.

Summary: The nature as an object of moral responsibility has been imposed today as a major philosophical issues of interest. However, consideration of this nature is not new and contemporary philosophical hermeneutics has soared to classical Greece the first philosophical concerns of environmental nature. Our thesis focuses on the work of enlightened philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau, whose "Discourse on inequality allows to be interpreted as the philosophical foundation of an environmental ethic. Within the "non-human" state of nature, Rousseau devotes a alención special component animal to the sensitive nature who lives next to the man in the original forest. Without exception soon discredited, philosophy had no difficulty in recognizing the sensitivity as a characteristic common to animal and man. However, Rousseau who will extract the moral implications of the link. In his view, the animal involved in the natural law by virtue of being sensitive, participation, on the one hand, forces men and women to the assumption of a duty, and that, on the other hand, implies the recognition of a right to the animal . The duty of a corresponding law is another. Thus Rousseau denies two of the most solid budgets morale anthropocentric: first denied that the attribute of the reason is a necessary condition to deserve a dignified treatment, and secondly that denies the ability to take on obligations is the necessary condition to become holder of a right. Rousseau changed why sensitivity and the ability to assume obligations for the chance to be benefited. According to this characterization of the state of nature rousseauniano, ultimately, the social contract may remain the foundation of a moral for men, but will no longer be the only way to morale acknowledged by Rousseau. The social contract is not the formula of a moral teacher anthropocentric, but the overlapping morality of a morality based on previous common feature of sensitivity. The state denies the nature of man as morally legitimate expression, and proposed instead a form of humanism responsible. The state of nature governs the relationship of man and animal nature, and the concept of beauty in the botanical philosophy of the philosopher Genevese will do likewise with the relationship of man and nature plant. Rousseau, in fact, offers a beautiful example of environmental awareness in his approach to botany. On this occasion, the moral judgment is not rooted in the fertile ground of the scenario, but at the trial's own aesthetic Jean Jacques. However, the sense of beauty performs a function similar to the assumptions and complementary to it: the same effect, because it acts with normative value, and complementary, because implements its regulations in the specific domain of man's relationship with nature plant. The aesthetic experience of beauty matter in moral terms, as it constitutes itself on the criterion that distinguishes morally irreproachable conduct from that which is not. The exercise of an innocent contemplation, which respects and admires the beauty of the object, obtained the approval of the moral aesthetics; pursue a merely instrumental, which scorns the beauty of the plant receives censorship of the same entity. At a time, in order, in which the philosophical thought was nothing short of idolatry of human beings, Rousseau bowed humbly look towards be 8 stias and 371 flowers to conduct a new enlightenment in the heart of artwork ; a second illustration whose interest has gone unnoticed, and to which, however, Rousseau was dedicated with deep concern.

Author: HERNANDEZ IGLESIAS JAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: CARLOS III DE MADRID [www.uc3m.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID.

Summary: The thesis deals with one of the classic problems of philosophy, that of freedom of the will. It seeks to demonstrate that the metaphysical concept of freedom means that there is determinism, as human beings we are free while we autodeterminamos, but that determinism does not imply that carezcamos the capacity to act differently every time you act . Therefore it can be argued that humans are morally responsible, and that is why we issued judgments of responsibility not only verbally but also emotionally. That emotional capacity of moral judgment is directly related to the fact that all human beings, except in exceptional circumstances, we belong to a moral community, and this is the membership that makes us free beings and morally responsible. Thus, the conclusion of the work is actually human beings we are free and responsible, but that did not belong both to our nature as to the society of which we are a part, so to be free is equal to participate others of a certain moral world.

Author: GÓMEZ SALAZAR MÓNICA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: The main objective of this thesis is to present epistemological foundation to explain to cultural diversity as a fact that the subjects constructed by applying some of the different conceptual frameworks to Reality independent. Based on this explanation epistemological cultural diversity argue that the subject can only build part dela Reality in connection with a conceptual framework, therefore, there can be no neutrality culture. Thus, we advocate that the policies of the modern nation state seeking a cultural neutrality must be challenged. Focusing on multiculturalism in Mexico, and bearing in mind that there is no single correct way to understand and structure Reality, but that people of different comunidads cultural reach can communicate and interact harmoniously, sustentamos that the state must Mexican initiating a process of transition to a pluralistic state that respects the diversity of cultural elements, and hence, for the various policies to guide the collective efforts of those communities. In order to avoid an extreme relativism, the policies of the respective cultural communities must rely on valid reasons to ensure that anyone who relationships with the community that are culturally relevant guides successful collective actions. This thesis is structured as follows: The first chapter is devoted to the subject of the difference in the social construction of the various realities. The second chapter explains the subject of rational justification of beliefs and practices. The third chapter explains the subject of rational justification of beliefs and practices. The third chapter discusses the concept of social justice and its relationship to cultural diversity. Finally, the fourth chapter is devoted to the issue of recognition of cultural diversity in the political arena.

Author: TARÍN CERVERA VICENTE.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIÓ.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIÓ.

Summary: OVER ALL OF THESE PAGES HAVE DEFENDIDO THE THESIS THAT THE MAN IS CONSTITUTIVAMENTE FREE WHY IS RELIGADO TO REALITY. CENTER FOR THAT WE HAVE IN THE STUDY OF FREEDOM FROM RELIGACIÓN OVER THE THOUGHT OF XAVIER ZUBIRI. THE ISSUE AS DESARROLLAMOS IN THREE CHAPTERS IN EACH OF WHICH IS TRATABA THE RELIGACIÓN AND FREEDOM IN DIFFERENT VERSIONS:-EN THE FIRST CHAPTER ESTUDIÁBAMOS THE RELIGACIÓN AND FREEDOM IN VERSION ONTOLÓGICA, SHOWING THAT THE MAN IS FREE BUT DEPENDING Bundle AND TOTALLY OF THINGS. IN THE SECOND-CHAPTER ESTUDIAMOS THE RELIGACIÓN AND FREEDOM IN VERSION ANTROPOLÓGICO-METAFÍSICA, SHOWING THAT THE MAN IS FREE OR NOT YOU WANT TO BE YOUR OWN PERSONAL. BUT FOR THAT IS NOT ONLY BUT IMPELIDO, POSIBILITADO AND INFORMED BY THE REALITY. IN THE THIRD CHAPTER ESTUDIAMOS THE RELIGACIÓN AND FREEDOM IN VERSION ONTOLÓGICA, SHOWING FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTELLIGENCE THAT THE MAN QUDA HELD BY THE FACTS FROM THE SAME TIME IN WHICH THE APREHENDE. SINCE THAT TIME HAS NO MORE FREE REMEDY TO GIVE A CONTENT TO REALITY AND EXPLAINED WHAT SHE REALLY IS.

Author: MELERO DE LA TORRE MARIANO CARLOS.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: SALA B DE LA FAC. DE DERECHO. DÍA 16 DE DICIEMBRE 2005. 12:00H..

Summary: The fundamental objective of this thesis is to examine critically the complete works of John Rawls, trying to show the main ideas of his political thinking. The thesis begins with an introduction in which explores the notion of political neutrality in its various versions, in the tradition of political theory liberal -analizando utilitarianism classic ellibertarismo American liberalism egalitarian or "liberal equality", and Finally, the so-called "political liberalism" -. The thesis is divided into two parts, each of which corresponds to a different moment in the work of Rawls as a fundamental value that provides a basis to justify the imperative of political impartiality. The first part focused on the first piece of our author, A Theory of Justice, it delves into the substance of its principles of justice, the application of these principles in the basic structure of society, as well as the problem of stability of a just society. At this moment in the evolution of thought Rawlsian, the fundamental value of his liberalism is personal autonomy, ie our status as a permanent form capable of rational agents, revise and pursue a vision of the good life. The second part of the thesis, in which I am involved primarily from the second book of Rawls, Political liberalism, focuses on the new 'strategy justification here upholds the appeals of the Liberal justice upon recognition of pluralism reasonable and promoting tolerance. My concern at this point is focused on showing the difficulties trying to independent doctrine liberal policy of any ethical justification or comprehensive. Lastly, the argument ends with a chapter devoted to international justice. In this case, my purpose was to highlight that the right of people Rawls, designed with the backdrop of ideas of political liberalism, not the same as a genuine international consensus tome to justice liberal, but is rather a simple accommodation practice among liberal societies and not liberal.

Author: POSTIGO ASENJO MARTA.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOSOFÍA - FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Summary: The dissertation, is a proposal for discussion on gender relations in the citizenry. In this sense, it tries to respond to the major challenges posed by moral discourse and the liberal political goal of equal opportunities between the sexes. We offer here a reflection on the consequences for the contract sexually citizenship (which describes Carole Pateman) and the feminist aspirations that were developed over the centuries, XVIII, XIX and XX. We explore the basic features of the feminist demands, through an analysis of the extent rhetoric of the speeches that emerged in the West about the possibility to extend citizenship rights to women. But the central objective of this thesis has been to emphasize the difference between formal equality (de jure) and real equality (de facto). We have paid particular attention to the tension that arises between liberalism and feminism, exploring the implications of the separation between the public sphere and the private sphere for citizenship. By studying the conceptual innovations and regulations that have been developed around the principles of equality and non-discrimination in the European Union, we have spent the second part of the thesis. Finally, we note the importance that acquires female participation in the deliberative process and the decision-making process to ensure the development of their skills base. Incidimos the importance of the use of affirmative action for participation of citizens and the citizens in certain areas where they are infra-representados and grantizan the exercise of their rights and civic obligations.

Author: CUQUERELLA MÁDOZ INMACULADA.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT FILOSOFIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIÓ.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIÓ.

Summary: THIS WORK OBEDECE TO A DUAL PURPOSE: AIM OF BEING AN HISTORIC CLARIFICATION OF THE CONTENT OF THE WORK OF ALBERT CAMUS AS A WHOLE, WITH NOT ONLY TO ITS PRODUCTION ENSAYÍSTICA, BUT ALSO PERIODÍSTICA, LITERARY AND THEATER; IS ALSO IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE APPROACH PROPIAMENTE FILOSÓFICO AUTHOR, DETERMINING YOUR CONSTITUENTS ETHICAL, POLITICAL, ESTÉTICO And METAFIZYCZNY. STUDY HISTORY WANTS TO PROVE THE SUBSTRATO METAFIZYCZNY ON THAT ASIENTAN THE IDEAS OF CAMUS SURGE OF CRITICAL NIETZSCHEANA TO NIHILISMO TO THE THINKER FRENCH IS NOT A THINKER EXISTENCIALISTA AND FLOW OF THOUGHT ON WHICH YOU MUST ENMARCAR IS OF FILOSOFÍAS OF LIFE AS REPORTED IN THE WORK OF NIETZCHE, ORTEGA AND BERGSON. ANALYSIS FILOSÓFICO INTENDS, PROLONGANDO THE PAST, THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL BUDGETS AND SCOPE OF THE APPROACH VITALISTA OF CAMUS: Â HOW TO ACT IF NOT BELIEVE IN GOD OR, OR IN THE REASON? IF THE REASON CLASSICAL, ABSTRACTIVA, TRAICIONA THE INDIVIDUALITY, Â MODEL OF UNDERSTANDING WHAT CAN BE TAKEN FILOSÓFICA MAN? CONCEPTS OF ESTUDIADOS "NIHILIMO", "ABSURDO" Y "DEFAULT" SUSTENTAN THIS NEW MODEL ÉTICO-ESTÉTICO CUTTING HERMENÉUTICO: THE HUMAN BEING IS UNDERSTANDABLE BY CATEGORY ARISTOTÉLICA OF VEROSIMILITUD CAMUS AND THAT DEFENDS ONE "PHILOSOPHY LITERARY" WHERE QUEDE SUPERADA TRADITIONAL POÉTICA BETWEEN THE OPPOSITION AND PHILOSOPHY.

Author: URQUIJO ANGARITA MARTÍN JOHANI.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIÓ.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I CIÈNCIES DE L'EDUCACIÓ.

Summary: KEY WORDS: FREEDOM AS CAPACITY; ETHICS SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY; RELEASE, CONSUMPTION AND CITIZENSHIP. SUMMARY: THESIS THE OBJECTIVE IS ANALYZING THE SENSE, SCOPE, AND IMPLICATIONS OF APPROACH THE LIMITS OF THE CAPABILITIES ISSUED BY AMARTYA SEN FROM THE FIELD OF THE MORAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. THE INDAGAR BY THE SENSE WANTED TO KNOW WHAT IS THE FOCUS OF WHAT THEIR SKILLS AND ESTABLISHING ASPECTS. TO EXPLORE THE SCOPE DISCUSSES THE CONTRIBUTION TO BE PROVIDED THE FRONT APPROACH TO OTHER CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENT STANDARDS PROPOSED FOR FREE SOCIETY AND IGUALITARIA AS BASIC INCOME, RIGHTS, THE BASIC NEEDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, QUALITY OF LIFE AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. THE LIMITS OF THE PROPOSAL IS ELABORAN OVER THE WORK IN DIALOGUE WITH THEIR CRITICAL (RAWLS, DWORKIN, POGGE, COHEN, NUSSBAUM). MAKE THE IMPLICATIONS ARE THROUGH A DISCUSSION BETWEEN THE FOCUS OF THE CAPABILITIES AND THE ETHICS OF THE LIBERATION OF ENRIQUE DUSSEL; ALSO AMONG THE FOCUS OF THE CAPABILITIES AND THE ETHICS OF CONSUMPTION FRAMED BY ADELA CURTAIN, TO GET TO IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW APPROACH : ANALYSIS OF CITIZENSHIP IN THE KEY OF CAPABILITIES.

Author: SÁNCHEZ LIMIÑANA PEDRO.
Year: 2006.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: SALA 324 DE LA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: The thought of Ernst Tugendhat offers a new concept of subject and revolves around the deliberation, as one of the keys on that underpin their approach, in addition to the original relationship between rationality and our willingness proposed by the author, the question of substantiation of the morale and morality own design developed by Tugendhat, the morale and motivation for the problem of human rights. And this always approached from the perspective that gives the method lingüístico-analítico. In Awareness and self Tugendhat aims, firstly, to show the paradoxes that necessarily leads to the traditional model of the philosophy of the subject from where he intended to account for the phenomenon of consciousness. For this propose abandoning the meaning of the thought to himself maintained by the traditional theory and replaced by deliberation, so that the release of the subject itself behaves himself and find reasons to justify their decisions objectively. This dimension reacional will necessarily be associated with the intersubjectivity, but not so the subject is diluted in space intersubjetivo because the freedom of the individual consise, on the one hand, maintain an attitude deliberative himself through that decision-making is based on reasons, but on the other, and ultimately, the decision has a component volitivo without which it could not speak of self-determination. Tugendhat takes up the issue of foundation problems in ethics, which states that morality can only be rational in the sense of caring for weak reasons, but not for the strong to find a basis in reason whatsoever. Thus, as opposed to attempt to substantiate Habermas discursively morale brilliantly shows that many aspects of gracious substantiation that it proposes are not essentially communicative, because it may bring out the individual alone. But Tugendhat also shows that there is another aspect in which the individual becomes even more strength in the foundation of morality, and it is the fact that in those aspects of it that are essentially communicative, they no longer sound but volitivos. In Be, indeed action. Philosophical Essays, Tudenhat adopts definitely morale equal respect and addresses the issue of genetic positive human rights, which are rooting based on the concepts of autonomy and dignity. Tugendhat links here the existence of such rights with the theory of legitimate State and although its position is greater than the plausibility deny that economic rights are to be part of fundamental human rights, it is not trouble-free in the face of the question of legitimacy, since it requires more than just the provision of minimum guarantees of existence. Lessons in ethics, Tungendhat returns to deal with issues related to philosophical reflection on the moral issues already addressed in the ethics and Being, indeed action. But certainly stop the latest lessons of ethics by the inquiry from Tudendhat about the motivation for morale. This leads to dialogue with Aristotle and Fromm, and finally to propose the expansion of the moral maintained so far, the Kantian, with a moral attitudes, which will build on the ideas of Adam Smith. Such an expansion dela give him moral standing to take up the issue of economic, whose inclusion in fundamental human rights will be defended now from the perspective provided by the reflection on justice.