EPISTEMOLOGY

Author: PALOL CURTO RAMÓN.
Year: 2003.
University: RAMÓN LLULL [www.url.edu].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: Our study on the work of Maria Zambrano makes a recovery systematic thinking of this author. It goes along thinking scattered, fragmented, repetitive and often confusing. Attempting to remain faithful to Zambrano thought neoplatónico with even stronger burden orficopitagórica, and sees her desire to save all things small and ephemeral that sena, not lead to a radical antinomy between two worlds: that of the idea and the area; tries to embrace both. We articulate and iluminamos this attempt zambraniano with rigor and clarity, the following insights and assumptions that Zambrano left in the darkness. This system that we discovered in Zambrano neoplatónico we call it compassionate, because he wants to save everything that is real in the idea, but not the rest of this area. The knot of this paper is to analyze how two authors fundamental thinking zambraniano, and seemingly antagonistic, coming together in a harmonious system. They plotino and Nietzsche. The integration of transcendence and immanence but generates no dualism communion. It is rejected by dark matter it is not a light that seems unreal. The neoplatónico embraces the dark matter and Nietzsche amounts of land to the highest star. Element capital of this harmonious synthesis occurs in the mystique can not lie to what one might think or say, but experience, and that enables the subject for an inner transformation that after d aniquilarse himself, lets you host the actually it has been given. Mysticism is the most ecumenical of disciplines, and because of this, our work will be directed in particular toward the mystical Zen Buddhist especially because it is obvious parallels it with some of the proposals for Zambrano. Estructuramos our work in three parts, considerarándolas as a road, born in the world, explores the interior of the subject, it transforms and throwing to the other and the other in search of meaning, the basis of love. In the first part, the road is onto-crítico because it looks as if the presence of existing and carried out the arrest of his being through the concept. In the second, if it enters into your heart desnudándose everything and olvidándolo everything, even to himself. In the vacuum that appears to be receiving the revelation that founded what gives meaning and carrying the other in the Other in love. Then in the third part, we analyze how this new transforming be tied to reality, it is no longer so dominating nor dualist. This new to be learned compación, hosting and reverence for all beings, which constitutes comunicón that remenorando to pitagóricos creates a symphony, a result of the movement of all men embraced in love. The path described above is not a linear but circular, and express platónicamente that, in fact, there is no beginning or end, but rather an infinite circle that is all-embracing. Zambrano has written beautiful insights on this circle. We have illuminated with greater precision philosophical without neglecting the wealth of a largely poetic writing. Ultimately this thesis continues to work zambraniano in a line neoplatónica not rejecting anything real. We wanted to bring order, accuracy and method.

Author: SAN BRUNO DE LA CRUZ LISARDO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA (UCM).

Summary: This thesis tries to analyze the intellectual journey of Professor Hilary Putnan. For this purpose has followed a common thread of historical invoice through textual materials prepared by the author in question. In his first articles, a professor at Harvard flag positioning ocrte realistic metaphysical de raigambre cuasi-platónica. Since 1976 Putnan ejectua a self-criticism on its old doctrine realistic rebuilding its previous metaphysical realism in terms of realism dominated by the author himself domestic realism or internalismo cutting pragmatic. This new realistic approach is defended by Putnan for a decade or so, and again, Professor at Harvard cirticará faults onto-epistémicas his figure internalista earlier. In this self-criticism comes a sense of realism that segregates each and every one of the dichotomies that have stalled philosophical discussion unbiased metafilosóficos incuestionados to date this and, further, and remove each and every one of the middlemen who have maridado relations gnoseológicas bifurcando sujetualidad and objectuality in polarities strange for a realism that seeks to set a realistic sense.

Author: GARCÍA GALINDO JOSÉ TEODORO.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: The division we have done in two parts due to the need to explain by a lada, thinking of those most relevant authors preceding Habermas, in dealing with the problem of the unity of the relationship between theory and practice in order to get a society in which the individual is free from oppression. In the second part we enter fully addressing the issue Habermasiana on the theory of knowledge. The knowledge and interest Habermas proposes the theory of the interests of directors knowledge. He took interest essential that the guidelines are intrinsic to autoconstitución and reproduction of the human species. These interests are threefold: technical, practical and emancipativo. Habermas analysis of the sample from Peirce, Dilthey and Freud and psychoanalysis. In the logic of the social sciences deals with the relationship between "explain" and "understanding". Habermas is placed fully in the hermenéurica. In this connection provides a discussion with Gadamer, although it differs with respect to the meaning of "critical thinking". In theory dela communicative action Habermas critical paradigm conciencialista the philosophy of the subject or the model of the theory of knowledge (subject / object). To remedy that situation uses the communicative paradigm, in which the communicative rationality with his model (subject / subject) enables think the current problems of society and maintain the utopian perspective of reconciliation and freedom. The reason it is communicative experience as central force fundamental consensus argumentativamente and without coercion. Finally, we discussed the "subjectivity and critical thinking Habermas." In can be noted that through the evolution of thinking Habermas you can see the transformation of a narrow and exclusive theory of knowledge to arrive at a theory of nationality. But what is produced is merely a shift or a shift in giving prepodenrancia to the theory of communication.

Author: VILA RIVAS CLAUDIA HELENA.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: This is a project of vital epistemology. It aims to lay the foundations for a metaphysics of experience can prove their adequacy in relation to the organic texture of the real as well as test the feasibility of a speech speculative strictly complied with the demands criticism of his time. The investigation goes by way of a survey of substrate originating from the experience in pursuit of evidence in the rudiments of resident status and the possibility of ultimate meaning of intentional activity. The constructive effort is based on the philosophy of the body A. N. Whitehead. The organic conception of reality and procesual advocated by this author at the same time meets the requirement of compatibility with the scientific results of the experimental investigation and philosophical desideratum to reach a thorough understanding of the truth of being and its articulation with the natural know. It also incorporates contributions from other authors and schools of thought in the past twentieth century, as A. Love Ruíbal, H. Bergson, or E fenomenología? Lpragmatismo American. This will try to demonstrate the presence in the background of all these proposals speculation of a common intuition about the nature of experiential process and its relation to the overall structure of events. The stock of the results that allows for "being" means to participate in a dynamic structure correlation. The frame organic reality (re-) created in the process of self-produce the emerging entity, conditioned by its receipt of the substantiality background and culminated with the value inherent in the very production. The achievement of the existing concrete entitativo adds relevance to flow goal of becoming a general, which expands its creative wave through the contributions of each and every individual members of the community as today. Everything that is real is currently in process or potential cash for the future. The p! Oceso experience is the event of the emergence of the concrete from the ownership and (re) integration perspectivísticamente Decanted of the factors that comprise the facticidad mundane. The deep structure of reality, and correlative procesual, is reproduced at the core of the phenomenon experienciaL For this reason is a matter of evidence for the immediate interiority experienciante. The subject becomes aware of its origination from spontaneously, and for a world of cosas-otras transcendent with regard to the very mismidad but not others, in so far as they are lived indeed intertwined with itself. Receptivity prehensiva addressed by the impositividad environment, and the intentional activity of subjectivity that fights to shape according to their needs and goals which it evident as otherness consisting of yours, are the two moments complementary dynamism in experiential those anuda the organizational fabric of reality. The investigation was completed with the analysis of the progress of knowledge driven by the ideals of reason. The vocation omnicomprehensiva that characterizes stadiums higher proceed rationally sinks its roots in the living evidence on which is installed naturally experience. The knowledge (or felt) originating captures and harbors in its vehemence last rudimentary unit that integrates and provides the ultimate significance of particular value of what is being.

Author: Coll Mármol Jesús Antonio.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: Departamento de Filosofia.
Place of preparation: Departamento de Filosofía.

Summary: This paper tries to rebuild at its best arguments that the American philosopher Donald Davidson has developed against global skepticism. In these arguments occupies a central role the so-called principle of charity that must be applied in the case of the radical interpretation. There are two reconstructions of the argument that davidsoniana constitute a refutation of the position skeptical. This would be a direct refutation based on the figure of an interpreter omniscient, and an indirect, based on the argument davidsoniana conceived as an argument momentous ambitious. Both readings were rejected because they believed that the arguments antiescépticos Davidson not come to constitute a refutation of skepticism. It also rejects a weaker due to Barry Stroud whereby Davidson provide a modest transcendental argument that what would be skeptical to block his challenge to show that he can not be considered by anyone consistently. According to their arguments, we would Stroud invulnerable to challenge skeptical. It is argued that, conceived in this way, the arguments Davidson fail in their purpose, therefore heavily dependent on the assumption that the skeptic is in a radical interpretation of the event, which he does not have to shoulder. Finally, it defends, following a classification due to Michael Williams, that the philosophy of Davidson has to be understood as a theory diagnosis of skepticism. Understood thus, the philosophy of Davidson show skeptical that the need for strong and distinctive position of philosophical assumptions that need not be accepted more specifically representacionismo and internismo- and would devise a way of thinking and language-based For triangulation that no leads on their own terms skepticism. According to this way of poverty, philosophy davidsoniana not give us a definitive victory before the skepticism, but an alternative way of thinking mind would entail a presumption of innocence -verdad- for our beliefs.

Author: RENDUELES MENENDEZ DE LLANO CÉSAR.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA DE LA UNVIERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: The works of Marx and theoretical tradition that has resulted has been criticized for not only various reasons but often literally opposite: its individualism and collectivism, his empiricism and his teleological nature, his formalism and its narrative character, etc. . This means that it has often been attacked theses substantive tradition marxiana problems affecting all of the social sciences. Therefore, regardless of their empirical validity, the Marxist theory seems a good testing ground from which to consider the overall limits of human knowledge and the actual scope of this body of knowledge, beyond mere declarations of principles methodological . This doctoral thesis therefore is twofold. On one side, the evaluation methodology. This doctoral thesis therefore is twofold. On one side, the epistemological assessment of the social sciences, such as field of knowledge devoted to the study of phenomena that, at least partially, include statements intentional. Meanwhile, the assessment of the philosophical explanation that puts at stake Marx and, if necessary, their justification.

Author: PONTE AZCARATE MARIA DE.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: LA LAGUNA.

Summary: The Platonism argues that mathematical entities exist, that without independent and are abstract, ie incapable of establishing causal relationships. Based on these ideas, the problem arises, embodied in the so-called dilemma Benacerraf-Field, explained our access to them: the problem of explaining knowledge of the mathematical entities. In the first part of the thesis discusses several attempts to solve this problem from the point of view platonista. First, it examines the defense of a particular type of cognitive ability in the case mathematical: Mathematical intuition. This proposal has been defended by, among others, Kurt Godel, Charles Parsons and Ernesto Sosas. Secondly, it discusses the possibility of applying the theory to the field naturalists mathematician, and specifically the proposal Penelope Maddy, who claims that the sets should be considered as entities and, as such, are subject to the perception. Finally, he examines the proposal of the so-called neo-fregeanos, according to which the problem of knowledge should be seen as a problem of the reference, a problem that may be solved through the analysis of the principles of abstraction and, in particular, the principle of Hume. Based on the discussion of these three options, it is concluded that Platonism is not able to provide a satisfactory answer to the problem of knowledge. Thus, in the second part of the thesis discusses alternative proposals, not platonistas these proposals to tackle the dilemma of developing an appropriate notion of truth, respect, in addition, the semantic consistency with empirical field. These semantic arguments lead, according to this author, adopting a kind of constructivism in mathematics and the introduction of the concept of empirical verification in the field. Secondly, the proposal is analyzed by Hilary Putnam, who is trying to develop a kind of moderate realism that although enter the role of subject and the conceptual plans in setting the conditions for truth, we are not compelled to reduce it to verification . Finally, in this same vein, Crispin Wright presented a proposal whereby the truth, as defined in key minimalist, is a notion neutral between realistic and anti, the distinction between these two positions is focused on other conceptual differences between that is the so-called contrast Eutifrón, from which are derived concepts denominated dependent response. Consistent with the foregoing, the conclusions defends the need for a type of moderate realism to mathematics (but not only for them), in which the problem of knowledge can be seen as a problem of objectivity. It is argued further that the existence of entities mathematics is not an essential element: it is the mathematical objectivity that it is essential for the application of mathematics to the rest of science. Thus, the central issue now turns to the search for justification parala mathematical objectivity, understood as objectivity in the choice of basic axioms. In this regard, it defends the combination of a type of justification external, through the application and usefulness of these basic axioms for the development of self discipline of that form, and a kind of internal justification through the which would explain satisfactorily the reliability of the beliefs of the mathematical axioms in these commodities and therefore the truth delos. For the latter, it is proposed the adoption of the concepts dela dependent response in the mathematical field.

Author: OJEDA MONROY PIOQUINTO RICARDO.
Year: 2006.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: DEP.DE PSIC. SOCIO. Y FILOSOFÍA..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Summary: The research entitled epistemological analysis of homo economicus, based on a study of asymmetry categorial generic at work, it deals in specific subject Epistemológico the Economy: Homo economicus; axis of economic rationality and privileged object of this science, from a cut of reality histórico-socio-cultural. It is fact that the reality histórico-socio-cultural, is a reality that not only has multiple meanings, but also is in constant motion, is not a reality clearly, we think that has a meaning and crystalline simply building can be established theories or concepts; it is not so for several reasons. These reasons are part of the debate that exist today in the academic realm, which revolves around the problem affecting the social sciences and that can be summed up in the gap, the gap, the divide between theoretical corpus and reality . It is important to consider this fracture from the notion of re-significación conceptual approach that develops Hugo Zemelman in several of his songs. When there Social Sciences and in particular the Economic Science, is part of core budgets such as ideas on how to conceive how the natural reality as reality, and of course also how to understand how knowledge as a way to access it who wanted to know in real sense. The Economic Science in the work of David Ricardo eliminates movement in its essential level, which only means that the movement is only apparent, merely fenoménico, inesencial. This is a major reason influencing the construction of the conceptual model of homo economicus, as a subject ahistórico, selfish and individualistic, an atom within a social context of equality and freedom. In the economic thinking of Karl Marx, the homo economicus, and appears as a social and historical subject, chained to their economic relations within a framework of equality and freedom, determined ultimately by these relationships. However, it appears therein, a cut of reality histórico-socio-cultural, that is not listed in that cut the reality status of gender. Gustavo Bueno believes gnoseológicamente that the closure categorical in classical and neoclassical economic thinking is along the Production and Exchange, highly quantitative terms. In the case of the economic thinking of Karl Marx, along the Productive Forces and Social Relations Production, in addition to the formula: Dinero-Mercancía-Dinero increased quantitative and qualitative terms. Therefore, to account for the gender status in the economic subject is relevant to the proposal epistemológica-sistémica Mario Bunge, which exceeds any individualistic interpretation that have been influenced by classical and neoclassical economic thinking, as well as the interpretation that holista located in the economic thinking of Karl Marx. The sistemismo Mario Bunge allows understand the economic subject as a social subject, from an approach bio-social, psychosocial and economic sociology, in addition to recognizing him their subjectivity, developed by Michel Foucault and JÃ ¼ rgen Habermas, as a subject interested and localized. Today it is no longer possible to think of the conceptual model of homo economicus, as a subject of their status excluded generic, it is necessary to re-conceptualización a re-conceptualización to give an account of the unequal relations (asymmetric) this subject in front of the work. To that end, it is necessary to consider the concept of Marxist Labor live, a concept that was later picked up by Enrique Dussel. We live to work as carnalidad living, as something temporary, as a living thing that can only exist as a subject alive, it stalls two moments. On the one hand, the emergence of labor alive in the job market as "targeted" and the other in the field preparatory to 8 market 611 work usually developed in the field of home and work "subjetivado." The concept of work alive, it is therefore appropriate to recognize the asymmetries between men and women, namely to understand homo economicus as generic because it allows work to analyze determined from studies measuring occupational segregation, discrimination, distribution and concentration in the labor market. For its part, labor subjetivado is analyzable through studies on domestic work and use of time. The notion of work alive understood as "workforce" and "ability", in relation to the classical notion of conatus as Hobbes and subsequently picked up by Espinosa, it is understood as "effort" and as is applicable to humans, allows understand problem of equality since its root.

Author: TRUJILLO LÓPEZ JUAN ANTONIO.
Year: 2006.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: SALA 324 DEL EDIFICIO DE HUMANIDADES, 11,30 H.

Summary: But their definition has proved complex and vague over history d this discipline leading to multiple readings and practices. In this paper reconsidero that concept and analyze its replantamiento future by Freud from the influences that preceded it in the treatment of the states nervous: magnetism, hypnotism and suggestion, and its subsequent recovery by Jacques Lacan. A second part of the work is aimed at the elucidation of that concept through experimental work carried out in cognitive science. Placing particular emphasis on the study of categorization, memory and the theory of emotion we can get clarification about the very concept psicoanálitico to put thoughts of Freud in connection with a particular reference. On the other hand, we coordinate two theories in principle beyond, encouraged dialogue and the involvement of these, and we get the same expert explanation of the mechanisms that would be present in a complex phenomenon as is the transfer. In the third and final section return to the philosophical foundations on which was founded the transfer psicoanálitica within a framework consistent with the philosophy of the existing science and comparing it to a perspective of the mind from the cognitive sciences incorporated (embodied). Thus, we concluded as these epistemological foundation made it impossible adequate explanation why psychoanalysis had to take refuge in a metapsicología increasingly distant view of science. In fact his desire for objectivity positively had to despise the intersubjectively aspect of clinical practice. A reevaluation of such experience can obtain a new location within a conception of mind built-in screen, and stretched beyond imbricada solipsism and asilacionismo the transfer of the active behind the psychoanalytic practice, but also enable their integration into a framework epistemological more comprehensive and accurate. Keywords; psychoanalysis, philosophy of mind, Cognition, Transfer Therapy.