PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Author: SALAMONE SAVONA M. ANTONIETA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: The research aims to demonstrate the connection histórico-jurídico-cultural between Corpus Juris Civilis Roman, the Constitution Florentine 1494, the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, the American Revolution as well as the Constitution of the United States. Or to put it another way, let's policy mediterránea-atlántica own path of the republican tradition, leaving us accompanied by one of its most prominent protagonists: Leo Salamone of Alberteschi. During the Italian Renaissance, the political conception of Virtue Republican by the great humanist legal M. Salamone theorizes that for the first time the idea of the social contract as the basis of political society and the rule of law, are increasingly opposed to the contemporary Political Realism N. Machiavelli, separating the ethics of politics, opened the thesis of absolutism and the reason of state. The works of these two key authors - The principality and Prince (both written in the year 1513) - determined then two ways to understand the political influence differently in the history of the modern Western world. The republican or democratic tradition, in fact, will be moving from Italy to Spain and Britain then crossing the Atlantic and establish the first democracy in the world, while the absolutist tradition will find fertile ground in the France of Louis XIV. The objectives of the Doctoral Thesis are exposing the idea of "social contract" as mo was first made in organic form by Mario Salamonte and chart the way contract that the idea has taken over the history of modern political thought, underlining its ties with the School of Salamanca (F. Vitoria, F. Vazquez, F. Suarez) and Constitutionalism English (J. Locke). The mérico Principal Mario Salamonte has been recovering throughout the Greco-Roman cultural tradition and judaico-cristiana for political power on the natural law and positive law, which was a clear advance of the modern rule of law, secular and democratic. In addition, all subjects developed in the seven books that make up the Principality-social pact, the pact government, the common good, the right of resistance, virtue and milica Republican, popular sovereignty and the relationship between ethics and policy-making in the political theory of Salamone the first Republican in modern times.

Author: PÉREZ TORIBIO JUAN CARLOS.
Year: 2004.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA DE LA U.N.E.D..

Summary: Because of the emphasis in recent times on the rhetorical aspect of science, the author, based on the book The emblematic structure of Scientific Revolutions, tries to explain the treatment given to this subject in the philosophy historicist for Kuhn. This shows us that, as with any theory, the theory of science Kuhn tanmbién was on the need to use new terminology ( "paradigms", "normal science", "anomalies" and so on.) To be able to explain the phenomenon for which was being proposed, that is: the birth and evolution of science. The historicist conception of science Kuhn not only reject so, the classical ideal methodological and epistemological true fundamentalism, but to bring the non-limitation of the theories place the classic problem of the choice of theories (to be held for Kuhn in the moments "revolutionaries" or "extraordinary" of science) at a level eminently lingüstico. The question of whether a system of language is appropriate or not for explanations of some natural phenomenon itself becomes an object of argument and deliberation, and puts the problem of choice of theories at a time prior to the demonstration and verification logic empirical. Ultimately it will be the language, and more as the conceptual plans, which will be reluctant to change scientists, or 10 that is, are your modifications or alterations which will lead and enable the revolutionary changes. This change of networks and conceptual discussion can not ignore, however, some incommensurability to take place between competing theories, but unlike what happens with Feyerabend, for the incommensurability Kuhn will never be total aware that there are a number terms of making a bridge between the theories are discussed. So, perhaps there Kuhn in the past few years a return to the analytical, the same criticism that led to his early philosophy of science, but it does not fimdamenta as Apelllamará lafalada abstaractiva, ie by the which examines the syntactic structure of sentences, or character propositional discourse, regardless of their party performativa or ilocucionaria, fundamental element of any "act of speech" and the pistis opisteis rhetoric. In the works are equally evident ontological commitments that would be the basis of the theory of science Kuhn, namely: its rejection of the teleological progress of science; conception dialógica, consensual and relativistic truth, quite contrary the principle of verisimilitud; his blunt confrontation to consider as irrational disagreement and argument scientific and equally its realism, which also considers our participation in the conceptual knowledge of the objects.

Author: GARCIA MENENDEZ PATRICIA.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOSOFIA.

Author: SANTANA DE LA CRUZ C. MARGARITA.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA.

Summary: The thesis is divided into two parts: The first part focuses on the concept of nuclear material within the Philosophy of Science, the concept of explanation and an analysis of their internal development from model hempeliano explanation using as a reference point. The interest of the review of the developments and models considered (Salmon, Kitcher, Cartwright, van Fraassen and Achinstein) lies in its consideration as variations in emphasis referring to terorizaciones behind its proposals about the scientific explanation. Thus, changes in emphasis either on the logical structure of the canonical explanations or on the causal structure of world to which they relate or on the various aspects of the interactions pragmatic explanatory reveal differences deeper at the same time pointing to a guidance that will determine the course of the same argument in the direction of caution and assume increasing importance of pragmatic approaches of which show the need to recognize the relevance of the actors, the context sy auditoriums, in addition to paying attention to the distinction of the production process and product knowledge or understanding established and consolidated. Within this framework, the explanation is shown as a human invention whose purpose is twofold: to make the recipients understand what is outlined and convince the explanations advanced in this regard. The impact of adopting this new perspective are as follows; on the one hand, the recovery of cognitive subjects or agents, as well as the process and contextual factors that shape their interaction, and secondly it is necessary recognition of the practice as a notion key integration. The explanation is conceived, then, as a scientific practice woven into the fabric discursive which sets the framework of this practice in general. All of this leads to not only the relevance of discursive practices in science but especially their size and constitution rhetorical. The second part contains two basic findings already announced, the difference between production and product and the recovery of the subjects of science and the formation of its interactive scientific practices -textuales, experimental and technological. And proposes two complementary functions of the studies led by the Rhetoric of science: a critical role or desenmascaramiento of scientific discourse itself and a positive role forward and approach new proposals comprehensive and inclusive of all relevant aspects in joint scientific activity . The critical role has two basic purposes: to highlight the constructive nature of scientific document that makes their result in a public awareness and accredited and uncover and deconstructing the traditional image of science officer and, in particular, its contingency off the claim of being determined by the very nature of things and be reflected in the speech, their inadequacy by offering a partial, biased and idealized of science that ignores or hides all aspects pragmatic, and socio contextual characterize it as a human and put the need for a deep and radical change this image. In this sense, the thesis proposes two frames conjuntados: one more general, inclusive of the various components of the cognitive and social rationality delas scientific activities as forms of interaction between subject specific knowledge and action with and on their instruments and objects. This framework is provided by the studies of Helen Longino. The other, more specific scientific discourse, is provided by the rhetoric of science Marcelo Pera.

Author: ASTIGARRAGA LIZUNDIA JOSE IGNACIO.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.

Summary: This is a memory doctoral student studying influenza pandemic of 1918 in Navarre, from a historical point of view. Following a presentation of what led to the flu of 1918 in the world, deals with the case in Spain, based on the studies and thesis devoted to the topic. In the particular case of Navarre looks at the various waves of the flu, the effect on the civilian population, with comprehensive statistics of morbidity and mortality throughout Navarre, by age, gender, diagnosis, and so on. There is a reflection of influenza in the press Navarre of the time and responses to the epidemic, the social upheaval, measures político-sanitarias, etc.. Also, the factor professional medical remedies against disease and the lack of basic foodstuffs. We bring certain conclusions, a bibliography on the subject and a reflection on the current bird flu and its social reflection in the press, in light of the same mechanisms of reaction of the company in 1918, saving distances.

Author: MORO ABADIA OSCAR.
Year: 2005.
University: CANTABRIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Summary: This thesis examines the relationship between Archeology and History of Science. Drawing on two of the great debates in the history of gracious science (the dispute about the presenteeism and discussion among internalistas and externalistas), the present study aims to determine how it was written the history of archeology during the last century.

Author: CALVO ALBIZU GOIZ-EDER.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN (UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO-EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA).

Summary: The general aspects that guide this investigation have focused on reconstruction histórico-médica, social and cultural development of anorexia with a view to identifying and interpreting the first post: * The process through which develops the concept of disease, in particular those connected with women, in the periods prior to the delimitation of anorexia as a distinct entity nosológica. * The sociocultural context in which it arises from the doctor know, the notion of anorexia as a disease. * The conditions that make anorexia a disease associated with gender and body control female. * The factors bio-psico-socioculturales approach to understanding the presence of anorexia along the history and its transformation into a character's disease epidemiology.