X-RAYS

Author: HERNÁNDEZ JIMENEZ ANGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA INDUSTRIAL.
Place of preparation: F. FISICA Y . INGENIERIA.

Author: MONTORO PASTOR ALEGRÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSITAT POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: One consequence of the interaction of ionizing radiation on cells is the induction of chromosomal alterations. This relationship has chance to chromosomal alterations be considered as a good indicator of exposure to such agents. There are chemical agents that modulate the response of tissues in front of the radiation. These compounds are useful where show some selectivity, either to protect healthy tissues (radioprotectors) or by increasing the sensitivity of tissues to radiation (radiosensitisers). Propolis is the substance we are going to evaluate. Propolis is a product of special interest to the medical and pharmaceutical industry, which is attributed various beneficial effects on health. Among the many properties of PIR (ethanol extract of propolis) are being hijacker of antioxidant and free radicals. The objective of this thesis is to assess the effect radioprotector of propolis. It has obtained an ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and were irradiated peripheral blood samples with different terms to different doses of radiation in the absence and presence of EEP and the same dose of radiation in the presence of different concentrations PIR . For the reviews have been analyzed using cytogenetic techniques, chromosomal alterations in lymphocyte first mitotic division. The results showed a decrease in the total number of changes both when irradiamos at a dose and different concentrations of EEP, obtaining a protection against radiation damage of up to 44% when irradiamos at various doses in the presence and absence of a known concentration of PIR, obtaining a significant reduction coefficients of linear and quadratic calibration curve obtained. The merger proposal would be to radiation between 120-500 ug.ml-1 where we get maximum protection against the observed radiation damage and we have no cytotoxic effect in cultured human lymphocytes not irradiated. The cytotoxic effect has been evaluated by analyzing the effect of EEP in the cell division cycle, using two indexes, and the mitotic cell proliferation. For both indexes the cytotoxic effect takes place from concentrations equal to or greater than 750 ug.ml-1.

Author: RAMOS PASCUAL MIGUEL.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The mammography screening or screening involves the systematic and organized exhibition of asymptomatic women with mammography, in order to detect early any disease in its early stages. However, the exposure of the breast to ionizing radiation from mammography equipment poses a risk to the health of women studied that it is necessary to estimate and control. Monte Carlo methods are used in the transport of radiation to estimate dosimetric quantities, as the absorbed dose, which is linked to the risk of exposure. It has shaped a team of mammography by the code of Monte Carlo MCNP5 for estimating the average dose to the breast glandular absorbed through physical measures of kerma in surface air input (KASE) for quality controls. We have used different records dosimetric or tallies, as F2, F4 and F5, applying different techniques to reduce variance (TRV). Based on the average doses calculated, it was felt the radiological hazard in the mammography screening program of the Valencia through a multiplicative risk model derived from Markov processes, considering various studies of control: Life Span Study, study of fluoroscopy Canada and Massachusetts and treatment of benign breast disease in Sweden, among others. The study was applied to different teams digital mammography (CR and DR) implanted in the screening program for the quality assessment of the various technologies in terms glandular dose absorbed. The radiological detriment half has been less than 9 10-5 breast cancers induced in mujeres-año among all studies of incidence and mortality, and less than 6 10-5 cancers fatal, whereas in the case of digital mammography, incidence is less than 1.3 10-4 and mortality at 8 10-5.