FLUID PHYSICS

Author: CIRIANO NOGALES YOLANDA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA.
Place of defense: AULA DE TELEENSENYAMENT DE L'ETSEIB.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI B5 DESPATX 111C CAMPUS NORD.

Author: GUTIÉRREZ PICHEL MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FÍSICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FÍSICA.

Summary: The results presented in this report focuses on one of the lines of investigation open in our group with two clear objectives: thermodynamic analysis of the partnership process molecular substances antifílicas with pharmacological activity and the study of interactions between these and various biopolymers they may occur to form complex systems fármacos-biopolímero. In our case has been chosen as drugs penicillins semi cloxacillin and dicloxacilina and tricyclic antidepressants clomipramine, desipramine and impramina and biopolímero seroalbúmina human protein. First, the thermodynamic analysis of the process of aggregation delas penicillins indicated in aqueous solution has completed a series of investigations already under way in the group, while it has been possible to apunto a new laboratory instrumentation and gain experience in implementing various experimental techniques in the application of thermodynamic equilibrium models to help us describe the process of association. Secondly, the study conducted thermodynamic with antidepressants in aqueous media at different pH has been done with the intent to describe different states of ionization of the protein the effects of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between drug molecules and protein and the role played by the various atomic substitutes in the molecular structure of the molecules of antidepressants. Both types of drug (penicillins and antidepressants) have a molecular structure based on aromatic rings, structure that departs clearly possessing substances anfifílicas classical or surfactants, consisting of a hydrocarbon chain more or less long. Small changes in the hydrophobic core of its structure, as the presence or absence of an atom of chlorine or organic radical change of a methyl group, causing important changes in physico-chemical properties of these drugs affecting their stability chemical pattern of aggregation, pharmacological activity and the possibility of interaction with biological membranes or surfaces, a study that is the central objective of this research. It is obvious, therefore, that the results have also found a clear interest fármacologico because, after ingestion, adsorption and distribution of these drugs in the body via proteins present in blood plasma, if their concentration exceeds a maximum determined to start a process of association to set aside its therapeutic activity and their ability to interact with biomolecules and exercise their antimicrobial action. With regard to the internal structure of this memory, after a first chapter where he briefly review the fundamental concepts of the so-called science of colloids (definition, classification, the partnership mechanism of molecules and their properties more relevant), we can distinguish two parts: * A first for the study of the process of aggregation of drugs selected (chapters 1 and 3) and the second where he examines the process of formation of protein complexes antidepressants (Chapters 4 and 5). * In Part One, Chapter 2 presents the experimental techniques used to analyze the thermodynamic process of association of penicillins and antidepressants: densimetría swing mechanics, measured velocity of propagation of ultrasound and of tritación isothermal calorimetry. It also details the technique of surface tension used to describe the so-called surface properties of these systems anfifílicos. * Chapter 3 contains the results obtained through these techniques for a series of thermodynamic quantities, as volumes molales apparent compresibilidades isoentrópicas apparent and entalpías of micelización necessary for proper ocmprensión of the partnership process. Tunb 8 ién is to 4f3 nalizan the results of surface activity delos antidepressants in solution acusoa. * The second part begins with chapter 4 which sets out the fundamentals of the experimental techniques used to study the interaction of antidepressants with seroalbumina human: the light scattering (static and dynamic) and the zeta potential. * In Chapter 5 discusses the findings on interactions between antidepressants and selected seroalbúmina human adsorption of drug molecules on the surface and stability of protein complexes fármaco-proteína trained.

Author: Norniella Francisco Olga.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Institut de Física d'Altas Energíes.
Place of preparation: Institut de Física D'Altes Energies.

Summary: QCD is a theory governing strong interactions between quarks and gluons inside the hadrones, for example, protons and neutrons. This theory has two characteristics: color confinement and asymptotic freedom. The dependence of the coupling constant with the scale is such that this decreases with the distance between partones. This allows for precise theoretical calculations on a large scale energy perturbation theory using (pQCD). Furthermore, the strength of the interaction increases with the distance between partones and gluons forcing these are confined to hadrones. The Tevatron accelerator, protons and Antiproton collide with a high energy. In these collisions occur jets hadrones collimated in the same direction of quarks and gluons that have colisionado. The extent of the cross section of producing central jet is a test of the predictions of pQCD in more than eight orders of magnitude. Moreover, the measure is also senible the distribution of partones inside the proton (PDFs). Measurements of the production of jets to large rapidititis are important because they help narrow the uncertainty in these distributions of partones in a region where it is not expected to signal new physics. This thesis presents the extent of production of jets using data collected by the CDF experiment, one of the detectors studying collisions of Tevatron. The measure is done with a very precise algorithm for searching jet, a relative newcomer to colisionadores hadronicos. The measure is done with a very precise algorithm for searching jet, a relative newcomer to colisionadores hadronicos. The measure is compared conpredicicones of pQCD, where the effects of impact no-perturbativos hans been included. The results show that there is an excellent agreement between the measured and theory, showing no sign of new physics. In addition, uncertainties is the measure are smaller than theory, which suggests that these measures can be used to restrict the PDFs.

Author: TORRALBA CUELLO MIREIA.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FÍSICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FÍSICA (UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA).

Summary: During the thesis conducted a pilot study of instabilities hidrodinámias in two very different systems. We studied instabilities lateral fingers saffaman-taylor subject to two types of disturbance (static disorder and periodic disturbance). Note instability with a wavelength selected in the order of the width of the channel. They also studied the oscillatory flow of a fluid in a tube Maxwell, compared with a Newtonian. Observed large differences between the two cases. The flow Maxweliano becomes unstable Reynolds numbers increased 1.