OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY

Author: MARTINEZ MARTINEZ VIRGINIA.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.

Summary: The design of new multifunctional materials involves incorporating organic molecules on inorganic nanostructured media. This study characterizes the intercalation of a coloring laseo, Rodamina 6G, in the space of interlaminar movies clay. We use different types of clay, both natural and synthetic, with and without the presence of surfactants on the surface adsorption. Using the technique of coating per spin (spin coating) are obtained thin films of clay whose blades are oriented parallel in the prota-soporte. The intercalation coloring is done by immersion of the films in solutions of R6G. The adsorption with an orientation preference of the normal film allows for a macroscopic system of dye molecules distributed in the space of two-dimensional sheets of clay. For adequate characterization of the films dye / clay requires different techniques. Thus, the morphology of the films are studied by AFM microscopes and SEM. The intercalation coloring in the interlaminar space is determined by X-ray diffraction The thermostability coloring techniques is discussed by thermogravimetry and differential calorimetry. Finally, the presence of several species of dye (monomers and aggregates) are characterized by espectroscopías absorbing UV / Vis and fluorescence, so steady and resolute in time. The anisotropic behavior of these systems is found through the absorption and emission of linearly polarized light, which makes it possible to evaluate the angle of orientation of the dye molecules. This paper develops and implements for the first time the polarization of fluorescence to determine the orientation of molecules absorbed in movies clay. The method can be extrapolated for any other two-dimensional system sorted.

Author: YUBERO SERRANO CRISTINA.
Year: 2006.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: In recent years, the microwave-induced plasma (MIP) have gained a great deal of interest because of its great technological versatility and ease of handling, with a hole very important applications in fields such as Analytical Chemistry, spectroscopy, sterilization or Treatment Surface. These discharges are usually outside the so-called Balance Termodinámico Local (ETL), giving their electrons have a much higher energy than the rest of the species constituent plasma (heavy particles). For this reason, subsequent kinetic physical microscopic level is controlled by collisions with electrons, thus the study of this work focused on the study of tools to measure the electron density in these plasmas. Given the already mentioned the importance of electron density in the study of MIPs, it is crucial to the determination of this parameter being spectroscopic methods mission based on the measurement of Stark broadening of the atomic spectral line techniques commonly used for the diagnosis of . These techniques are based on the fact that this widening depends on the density of charged particles (electrons and ions) within the atom issuer, he predicted the Stark effect. Among the atomic spectral lines lines Series Balmer hydrogen (hydrogen from the dissociation of water molecules present as impurities in the gas) are commonly used due to the significant widening suffered by Stark effect, main objective of this work. Although, it should be noted, other techniques for the calculation of this parameter, such as the use of the calibration performed in the optical intensity of media and the use of other atomic spectral lines not hidrogenoides.

Author: SAINZ SERRANO ABEL.
Year: 2006.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: CAMPUS DE RABANALES.
Place of preparation: CAMPUS DE RABANALES.

Summary: In recent years, the microwave-induced plasma (MIP) have gained a great deal of interest because of its great technological versatility and ease of handling, with a hole very important applications in fields such as Analytical Chemistry, spectroscopy, or Sterilization Treatment Surface. Among such discharges, plasmas maintained by surface wave (POS) have an important role because properties such as high stability and reproducibility. Thus, the present thesis work has aimed to contribute to the understanding of this type of discharge at atmospheric pressure created as part of a study both theoretical and experimental, making use of this as neon and argon gases plasmógenos. The study has focused on the study of two main themes: 1 - The influence of recombination disociativa on the kinetics of excitation / energizing plasma. 2 - The characterization of a column with neon plasma generated at atmospheric pressure, not only found literature on these and remain vital to get to know the state of balance in microwave plasmas at atmospheric pressure.

Author: RAPISARDA SOCORRO DAVID.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS.

Summary: This report covers the study of the dynamics of ions present in a high-temperature plasma, using a technique known as passive emission spectroscopy, and for which the use of high-resolution spectrometers, optical sensors, optical fibers, and so on. , has been critical. The report focuses on the study of rotation and temperature of impurity ions, as well as the indirect emission proton plasma have become previously neutral fast. The measures have been carried out in the direction of toroidal machine TJ-II (stellarator type of device located at CIEMAT) through the displacement and breadth of their spectral lines. It describes a flexible system to calibrate absolutely rotation speeds in real time, and for the interpretation of the temperature measurements has been developed a zero-dimensional code which gives an account of the balance of power occurring in the plasma. As support for the measures has also developed a code to get local parameters from special sweeps and one realizes the Zeeman effect on spectral lines most important impurities. In addition, it proposes two optical systems for the improvement of the measures. The main findings include the relationship found between the bootstrap flow of ions and the rotation speed of the media in toroidal direction, and the observation of a population of highly energetic ions is emerging as a leading cause of the observed temperature ionic in the TJ-II.