CHEMICAL AND PHASE EQUILIBRIUM

Author: CUBERO GALLEGO RHUT.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: COLEGIO FONSECA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUIMICAS.

Summary: This Doctoral Thesis was conceived in the Investigation of the potential applications of supercritical water and other fluids in the field of activated carbon and the environment, that the Group of Supercritical Fluid and Carbones Activated conducted in the Department of Chemistry - Physics at the University of Salamanca. Specifically, this work has been developed in the project PPQ2000-1249, entitled "Preparation of activated carbons with supercritical water from coal." The preparation of activated carbons are traditionally follow procedures that are well established. Basically part of a charred to be subjected to a process of activation doing react at high temperatures 600-1000 Â ° C with chemical reagents, or with water vapor or CO2. Thus occurs gasification part of that charred. These procedures are well established preparation, which makes it quite difficult to make changes or improvements. However, in recent years the development of supercritical fluid technology has opened the possibility of use in this area. Work focuses on the preparation of activated carbons in one step by supercritical water with partial gasification of coal. This new form of preparation of activated carbon compared to the traditional, which uses water vapor. With the new procedure is intended to get activated carbons with textural features more homogeneous, easily selectable through the control of experimental conditions. It is also expected to confirm that the procedure is more economical and clean as this is a process in a single step, faster, in which the temperature is lower.

Author: MARTIN RODRIGUEZ Ma. JESUS.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS QUIMICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS QUIMICAS.

Summary: It has done a study on urban waste water through a system of lagoons located in the municipality of La Vellés (Salamanca, Spain). The study has focused on a statistical analysis of various physicochemical parameters for a period of two years.

Author: Lodeiro Fernandez Pablo M..
Year: 2006.
University: A CORUÑA [www.udc.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias.

Summary: In this report shows the results obtained in the study of bioadsorción of toxic metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury, for different species of marine macroalgae brown from the Galician coast. The importance of the work done in their projection environmental lies in the results in the elimination of these metals Jan dissolution, showing that this technique can compete or complement technical and / or materials such as exchange resins ionic or activated charcoal, much worse from an economic point of view, and others (precipitation, electrolysis, etc.). not as effective at low concentrations of metal. The working thesis collected in this volume describes both the original results referred thermodynamic aspects (securing adsorption isotherms, study acid properties, identifying complexation constants, etc.). As kinetic, investigated at the same time a possible technological application of this type of marine biomass (pretratamientos of seaweed, adsorción - desorción cycles, in response column, and so on.) The search for a viable outlet for biomass macroalgal is of great importance, as a material abundant in our coasts, where in some cases extremely harmful invasive species; their proliferation in excess could cause serious damage to the boats or in industries related to the sea, such as farming or other mussel species, which depends largely the Galician economy. In addition, they can also exert a negative influence on tourism because of its widespread appearance on the beaches. The general outline of the work that is presented begins with a literature review focusing on the most relevant aspects of the processes and the bioadsorción macroalgae as biomaterials interest modeling studies of equilibrium and kinetic aspects studies column; following paragraph containing information about the experimental detail. The subsequent chapters describe the experimental data obtained and its interpretation as inidca at the beginning of such chapter, which presents the results have been published in international journals, so that each chapter is timed to coincide with the corresponding article. It has pursued a degree in ascending order of complexity, from general studies with different species of macroalgae, moving towards the selection of suitable algae, their treatments, application of models increasingly complete, to finish the studies carried out in column as a prelude to a possible technological application of this type of bioadsorbentes.