HIGH PRESSURE

Author: VAQUERO ORTIZ EVA MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: BURGOS [www.ubu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: This paper has studied degreasing pig skin by extraction with supercritical fluids as a first phase for use in the development of pulp collagen. The paste is an emulsion of collagen obtained from the partial denaturation of collagen. Its main source of production is the skin of cattle, however, could also be used, inter alia, the pig skin. The biggest drawback is that the pig skin to be used as a raw material for obtaining collagen is its high concentration of fat, which can be up to 30% and should be reduced to a maximum of 5%. Current methods of degreasing have some limitations, including low effectiveness of some of them, the use of solvents which then must be eliminated and the use of high temperatures that can cause partial or complete distortion of collagen doing can not be used for the desired purpose. The extraction with supercritical fluids could be used to eliminate these drawbacks. The super critical fluid extraction (FSC) is based on the separation of a solute in the matrix that contains it through the passage through them of some insolvent under conditions of pressure and temperature above its critical point. In these conditions the solvent has some properties which offer several advantages over conventional solvents: you can vary the selectivity of the solvent varying conditions of pressure and temperature operation, you can have an adequate capacity solvatación with a high diffusivity and allows easy separation of the solvent. The FSC most widely used in this field for their properties is carbon dioxide. In the present work, has studied the process of extraction of fat from the pork skin with supercritical fluids for obtaining protein without distorting. It has conducted a survey of the raw material and technology for extraction of a greater understanding of the foundations of the process. It has been determined the solubility of one of the highest triglyceride concentration in the fat of the pig skin to obtain data in a range of high pressure, not reflected in the literature. Later study of the extraction process. We evaluated the influence of different variables in the process, optimizing the operation to obtain the goal, a final concentration of fat in the pork skin less than 5%. We also conducted a study of the permeability of skin pork Supercritical CO2. This was used as a pig skin asymmetric membrane. This study revealed that the fat is extracted from the skin of pig preferentially on the side of the hypodermis. The extraction process was modeled using two models Extract justar experimental data obtained. Both models have been raised in light of the main mechanisms for monitoring the operation and making a number of approaches that facilitate their mathematical development. The last step to complete the study has been the synthesis of collagen pulp from the skin defatted CO "supercritical. This method has been to point from patents already exist, performing well at the lab. There has also been a series of complementary studies that help to confirm the findings obtained in the extraction process: 1-Study extraction with supercritical fluids in an analytical equipment with and without a cosolvente. 2-Study of the composition fatty acids in the skin of pig, either in the original sample and during the various steps of the extraction process, both in the skin, partially defatted in the extract. 3-microscopic observation of the original skin and with different levels of degreasing to obtain information on the distribution 8 of the 407 fat in the skin of pork during the extraction process. entire work has established that there is a chance to diversify the raw material for obtaining weighs collagen for use food can be utilized defatted pork skin with Supercritical CO2 as feedstock.