SPONSORS DUCTUS IMPERIUMQUE: THE CONCEPT OF IMPERATOR IN THE REPUBLIC TO THE DEATH OF CAESAR.Author:
RIVERO GRACIA MARIA PILAR.
Year:
2004.
University:
ZARAGOZA [
www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS.
Summary: In response to the reality of the political evolution of language and giving prominence to the official documents and peers of the events described, the thesis questions the traditional assumption that, during the Republic, the title "imperator" honorary in nature and encerraba it was granted only by the troops, through its general spontaneous acclamation after a victorious battle in particularly difficult conditions or with excellent results. The rigorous analysis of the sources reveals that the meaning of "imperator" remained tied foremost, at least until the death of Caesar, the original concept of the judiciary "cum militiae rule" and not only charismatic traits, as it is commonly used regarding the choice of a judge with right auspices and "imperium", with ability to lead the Roman army beyond the limits of the "Vrbs", and arrived at their destination, would become the highest authority in Roman the province. The term "appellare imperator" is common in the texts to address the following: 1. Emergency appointments made on the ground and by the army; 2. Recognition of the legality of the "imperium militiae" in a context of civil war, and 3. Acclamation honorific troops to "imperator" after the victorious battle. This is one more of the honors accorded to "imperatores", but does not have the formal status of a concession from the Senate in Rome, but the value of a spontaneous gesture linked to the military field. Moreover, at least until Cesar, the iteration imperatoria corresponds exactly to the number of times that a judge has been designated a "imperator" and, as such, has crossed the pomerio with "exercitus imperatus" under its auspices ( "sponsors "), driving (" ductus ") and" imperium ". The use of the title began to be promoted by judges with "imperium" militiae trend filohelénica as Emilio Paulo or Escipiones in the second century a. C. In the first century I appear appeals imperatorias an honorary reflecting a gradual linking personnel of the troops with its "imperator." In the circle silane the Mint will begin with the words imperatoria and East will be taken simultaneously in the translation of "imperator" as "autocrator." Possibly, Sila and his circle pretenderían and make public demonstration of the legality of the exercise of its "imperium", as suggested by the fact that the Greek translation chosen relates to the performance of "imperium" in its fullness. In years 50 and 40, the honorary acclamation is already widespread, albeit multifaceted, and in the context of civil war increases the use of the title, although not linked to an increase in the cheers honorary known. Nothing suggests that the intention of highlighting the quality imperatoria mark a difference in the willingness silana highlighting the legality of the "imperium". The trend is accentuated in the period immediately following the death of Caesar, during which factors such as claiming inheritance of power cesarean and the very name "imperator" can be added to the traditional interest in highlighting the legality of the "imperium "in a context of renewed civil war. The thesis is divided into four chapters: 1. Principles and methodological state of affairs. 2. "Creatio": the designation of "imperator" 3. "Ars imperatoria": "imperium" and the auspices; aspects sacrales; Military aspects; Legal aspects. 4. Honors the "imperatores." Also includes an annex containing the body of materials (literary sources, and numismatic epigráficas) concerning the use of the term "imperator" sources.
