HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Author: Zupcic Rivas Slavko Corazon de Jesus.
Year: 2003.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: (CEHIC).
Place of preparation: Centro de Estudios de Historia de las Ciencias.

Summary: Amid the vast scientific, philosophical and literary

Author: BLANCO ABELLÁN MÓNICA.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Author: MARTÍNEZ MONTALVO MERCEDES CRISTINA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: This research deals with the introduction and development of microbiology in the field of alcoholic fermentation and acetic, and nitrification a lo largo del siglo XIX, as well as the industries that are derived from them, such as vinatera (important source revenue for Spain). This study begins by describing the background of the situation agrícolo, in general, prior to the nineteenth century, and specifically those related to winemaking and plant nutrition (nitrogen assimilation). below gives know discoveries of Pasteur in our country, its studies on microorganisms as a result of fermentation and "physiology theory" on them, stopping at the impact of these ideas in the century XIX.Paralelamente, to the description of this process Spain, in comparison with what happened in the richest nations aventajosas.Además, detailing how all these knowledges and techniques changed both the design of research and technology of the era as the conceptual basis of the teachings especializadas.También reveals adaptation he had to suffer our society at científio, cultural, legal and socio-economic and agricultural class reacted to respond to new demands and necesidades.Otros aspects introducing this thesis is the study of those teachers, and researchers stressed that more drivers over c.XIX and who were responsible for the training of personnel theoretical and practical, taking into account the economic and technical resources of those who have in their workplaces and their situation político-social.Así as educational programs introducing the new theories of fermentation and nitrification.

Author: DELGADO ECHEVERRÍA ISABEL.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The period beginning with the first observations of sex chromosomes, which led to the Theory of chromosomal sex determination and served as a basis for the theory of chromosome inheritance, and ends with the announcement of the possibility of sex selection through the techniques of in vitro fertilization. It reviews the approaches to old age and a half and enlightenment on reproduction and sex, and presents the basic concepts in science today. It describes the context of the biology of the nineteenth century on the international scene, both in the evolution of disciplines (zoology, morphology, cytology, embryology) and ideas on sexual reproduction (fertilization, inheritance, bisexual model, alternation of generations , parthenogenesis, hermafroditismo) setting out for Germany and the USA. The main assumption of the job is that the concern over the differences between the sexes had a central role in the development of biology in the late nineteenth century and early XX. The results are also analyzed in terms of five other budgets interpretation: importance of the microscopic morphology German role of the Spanish production, anthropocentrism, androcentrism (sexual stereotypes and hierarchy) and invisibility of the female authorship The core chapter is the one that develops the analysis of the original production of sex determination, and especially between 1878-1912, classified according to the different perspectives of analysis: a) Morfológica, which includes comments on gametogenesis and the discovery of chromosomes accessories and heterocromosomas or cromosomassexuales (XY), stressing input from McClung, Wilson and Stevens b) Environmentalist,. That includes studies on the influence of environmental factors in the development of sex and sex-ratio of villages and eat the study of animal partenogenéticos (rotifers, aphids, hymenoptera), highlighting the contributions of R. Hertwig and H. D. King c) Physiological, in which investigations are conducted with the techniques of experimental embryology and highlights the work as embriólogo T. H. Morgan. It examines the situation of women in science in the nineteenth and twentieth century, women's associations, women's colleges, AAUW, IFUW. We provide biographical data of 28 scientists, including two Spanish. The third part of the report is devoted to the Spanish production on sex determination and the introduction of cytology, genetics and cytogenetics, in the context of the biology of the Spanish nineteenth and twentieth centuries, highlighting the role of SEHN, ILE, JAE, the Museum of Natural Sciences in Madrid and the Biology Laboratory. It looks especially the original production of Manuel Bordás, Fernandez Nonídez, Antonio de Zulueta, Jimena Fernandez de la Vega, Margarita Camps Comas and Fernando Galan and his works outreach, teaching, conference and translations.

Author: CASTILLO BLASCO LOURDES.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFI E HISTORIA.

Summary: The initial experiences with the search engine and automatic indexation RetrievalWare a source of reference information today, showed that semantic associations established in the dictionary of the system not offered an entirely satisfactory performance for such centers. The main reason is the nature of the network built, developed from an encyclopaedic dictionary. Thus this work raises the possibility of adapting a thesaurus traditional structures dictionaries of this system and compare the effect of the use of a controlled language (thesaurus), and a semantic network-based unitérminos natural language on the same collection ( database Press), and on a retrieval system based on a motor recovery and automatic indexation (RetrievalWare). To achieve this overall objective has been necessary to carry out the creation of a controlled vocabulary, a thesaurus of current information; conversion relations paradigmatic of this thesaurus in quantitative relationships, which are used in semantic networks, check its operation parallel and make an assessment of performance in the recovery of the thesaurus and built into semantic network and network semantics prediseñada by distributors RetrievalWare. The work plan and methodology has been divided into three phases, according to the goals. The first phase has been the selection and registration of terms. Sources used for the extraction of terms into account the criterion of literary authority as the criterion of authority of the user. In the second phase has been developed with the thesaurus terms selected using relational database Access and in the last phase has been exported through Access, the terms of the thesaurus to a report consistent with the network structure semantics RetrievalWare . For automatic error checking has been used management software automatic thesauri. Subsequently Tests have been conducted with the operation of the new thesaurus incorporated as a network and also has been compared their performance with the dictionary established by the system. The study employs performance real users who express their requests for information and then they hear the relevance of the results obtained in the search process, allowing the calculation of completeness and accuracy of each system.

Author: Herran Corbacho Nestor.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: (CEHIC).
Place of preparation: Centro de Estudios de Historia de las Ciencias (CEHIC).

Summary: In recent years, associated with a renovation historiográfica overall in the field of the history of science, there is a revision of the traditional history of radioactivity. That history, characterized by an emphasis on the development of the theory of the atom, the work of great figures and some bias in teleological consider the radioactivity of nuclear power as a precedent, is giving way to new perspectives that show the importance of material culture, the central role of the industry and consider the radioactivity as a discipline with its own sense, in its historical context. The thesis, framed by these new trends, deals with the history of radioactivity in Spain in the first quarter of the twentieth century. His narrative focus is the development of Radioactivity Laboratory of the Central University of Madrid, founded in 1904, the first and foremost institution dedicated to the study and promotion of radioactivity in Spain. Under the momentum and direction of Professor of Chemical Mechanical Jose Munoz del Castillo, the lab was the main line of research study on the effects of low level radiation on living things. These studies, which were initially developed through surveys of radioactivity mineral waters, extending from 1911 (the year in which the lab was upgraded to institute) to the effects of radiation on the growth of plants. This extension of the lines of investigation, combined with significant outreach efforts, such as editing a magazine and courses for promoting the use of fertilizers radioactive, and attempts to establish the lab as an institution metrological radius. In 1920, Munoz retirement in 1920 led to a loss of harmony with the political power and led to the decline of the institute in terms of both finance and personnel. The story, structured chronologically and thematically, whose major contributions: a) A new approach of the sources available on the subject. The history of the Institute of Radioactivity in Spain is severely constrained by the disappearance of its archives. The thesis provides a new look at the major source that is conserved (Bulletin Radioactivity), which contrasts with other texts, such as newspaper articles, documents produced by the administration of state and radioactivity on the books published in Spain in the first one third of the twentieth century. B) The integration and connection of the case with Spanish science and industry of the radioactivity in a European context, which takes into account the latest findings and trends of historiography international radioactivity c) The integration and connectivity survey Radioactivity Laboratory with recent studies on science in Spain at the beginning of the twentieth century. Work is also a contribution to the literature dealt little studied science at the university produced in the period considered. D) The completion of the first systematic study on the biographical figure of Jose Munoz del Castillo, central figure of radioactivity and chemistry academic Spanish late nineteenth century and early XX. E) The study of the outreach efforts and ideological readings of radioactivity in Spain, as part of the public about the new historiography of science. F) A review of the origin of radiology Spanish, which takes into account for the first time the importance of the initial medical hydrology as driving the study of radioactivity. G) The analysis of the causes of the rise and decline of the institute and the discipline of radioactivity in Spain, linking them with a broader discussion about the backwardness of science Spanish. In particular, relates the decline and periferalidad institute with the structure of the Spanish academy, the inability to create radio industry in Spain and the lack of integration into the system excelenc 8 ia inter 2c7.

Author: JAVIER SANZ VALERO.
Year: 2006.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE ENFERMERÍA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE ENFERMERÍA.

Summary: Rationale: We studied the accessibility of bibliographical references in the articles of the journals of Public Health, indexed in the network SciELO-Spain, in the period 2000 to 2004, using the Internet and taking into account the "Open Access ". While using indicators Bibliométricos to evaluate these references. This is a working part of the studies on the recovery of scientific information and use of information, including an analysis of citations and impact indicators and the impact of the journals estudio.Método: descriptive study was conducted of the accessibility references. We calculated the percentage of items recovered from them, either to the full text, summary, only bibliographic reference or non-localized, using the Internet or via PubMed. Statistical analysis was conducted to verify the existence of differences in the recovery of full text, between the periods analyzed. Results: access to the full text of the references in Spanish Journal of Public Health through the Internet, was 29.4% (95% CI 24.8-33.9). In Gazette Sanitary result was 37.1% (95% CI 32.3-42.0). The document references published in the past five years, we get a percentage of 59.5% (95% CI 49.0-70.0) and 65.0% (95% CI 56.5-73.5) respectivamente.Conclusiones: When it comes to retrieve the texts of the highlights of the full bibliographic references websites of the journals as a place to locate. There are significant differences in Internet stock versus PubMed, in favor of the former. De facto, the restoration of the full text references studied, has been about half using PubMed (MEDLINE) by going through the Internet ( "webs" of magazines, corporate, editorial, etc..). The bibliometric indicators of magazines Spanish Journal of Public Health and Health Gazette are similar to those identified in previous studies to science journals of salud.Descriptores: Access to Information; Recovery Center; Internet Documentation; Bibliometrics.