HISTORY TIMES

Author: ARROYO MEDINA M. PODER.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: On April 13, 1975 explodes the Lebanese civil war, fifteen years later, on October 22, 1989, the Taif Accords put the official end to the conflict. During the time that tough confrontation parties involved as well as the reasons and justifications were to move in relation to one's internal evolution of Lebanese society, but also in relation to the interests geostratégicos area. Along with the key players, the Lebanese Forces and the rightist trend Forces palestino-progresistas (coalition of left-wing groups and members of the Palestinian Resistance), we found the presence mainly Syrians and Israelis in a context of war arabic marked by the Israeli-Palestinian question as a key explaining many of the events of that time. The analysis of speeches and the reasons for this war content show a clear identity around the idea of what Lebanese content that is, in turn, part of the modernization process of the companies in the area. This assessment requires studying with the specific facts of the conflict and immediate relations and other elements that make up the patterns of premodernidad Lebanese to conclude that it is the tension that arises between modernity and premodernidad which eventually led to armed conflict open. The identity of which we speak is written in the language of community with a clear, but never exclusive content confensional allowing deploy a high degree of violence. Since the Lebanese social structure conforms from a large number of communities that have personal thanks to a personality of its own statutes which determines the way in which society is organized from its primary components-the family until the organization of power at the highest levels of government. From here stems the importance of studying the way in which build the historical memories of the various groups to try to establish how there is the question of time, namely the experience of the past and acceptance of this, in this society.

Author: GARCIA AMO M. ENCARNACIÒâN.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFҍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: DPTO. HISTORIA MODERNA. FAC. GEOGRAFҍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: HabÃÂa contributed to the boom as a crossroads between Castile and AragÃÂ charges, a factor which, combined with other types of short-term, was seized by uan dinÃÂ ¡mica protoburguesÃÂa up of merchants, lawyers and ranchers turned into pequeÃÂ ± os "men business ". La crisis comenzó con los cambios en la fiscalidad a finales del siglo XVI y fue precipitada por la peste de 1598-99, que dio al traste, demográfica y económicamente, con el poderoso grupo de medianos y el sustrato de trabajadores del que extraÃÂa manpower and that surtÃÂa products. The parish archives have simunistrado abundant informaicÃÂ ³ n (where necessary supplemented with data from nearby locations) on change of scenery (desapariciÃÂ charges of ViÃÂ ± edo, decline in producciÃÂ ³ n wheat coupled with what we have called "revoluciÃÂ ³ n rye"), increased price massive renovaciÃÂ ³ n neighborhood and alterations in birth, marriage and death; these aspects demogrÃÂ ¡Features include turn many others; reduced nÃÂ fourth sheer number of children per woman, a birth control posibilidade of voluntary abortions, children ilegÃÂtimos, variations at the age of marriage, frequency of second / third remarriage, incidence of pests and famine segÃÂ seventh No, sex / groups ocial, average age at death (tambiÃÂ © n funciÃÂ charges of sex and membership or non-clergy), increased deaths teenagers in the eighteenth century, and so on. In conexiÃÂ ³ n this anÃÂ ¡lisis been considered tambiÃÂ © No other items; true divorce between people and clergy, strong presence of suspending family anucleados around binomial clÃÂ © rigo-escribano relations intraestamentales, poor health care (tipologÃÂa of poverty, the peculiar form of grant laslimosnas institutional by the clergy, particularly in the eighteenth century), the abundance of vagrants of any eda and his aumetno in this century, and tambiÃÂ © n ÃÂ © l, a breakthrough of intolerance , questions whose answer deberÃÂ We wait for the subsequent investigations.

Author: MORENO GARRIDO ANA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFҍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: The objective of this thesis is to deepen the orÃÂgenes histÃÂ ³ rich tourism espaÃÂ ± ol. It tambiÃÂ © n a inÃÂ © dito approach to dimensiÃÂ ³ n intellectual and "national" tourism and reflexiÃÂ charges on its potential as a socializing of the national idea in a very intense moment in the history contemporÃÂ ¡nea espaÃÂ ± wave as were the first dÃÂ © target of the twentieth century. Tourism in EspaÃÂ ± a was clearly rooted in the global movement of regeneracionismo. As discussed in this paper, its first ideÃÂ ³ lgos and actors were men of middle class very concerned about the regeneraciÃÂ ³ n econÃÂ ³ mica and moral EspaÃÂ ± ay they understood that tourism, conceived as a major national enterprise, podrÃÂa play a key role in both processes. The striking delayed EspaÃÂ ± to the organizaciÃÂ ³ n its tourism subsanÃÂ ³ in 1911 when creÃÂ ³ the ComisarÃÂa Regia of Tourism, the official agency for tourism espaÃÂ ± ol for nearly twenty aÃÂ ± os and artÃÂfice of primesos gestures and actions turÃÂsticas ; creaciÃÂ ³ n Museum (House of Greek and Casa de Cervantes), rehabilitaciÃÂ ³ n case histÃÂ ³ rich (Santa Cruz neighborhood in Seville), declaraciÃÂ ³ n of the first national parks (PN, the MontaÃÂ ± a de Covadonga) or diseÃÂ ± or rural accommodation for tourists motorists (Red Nacional de Paradores de Turismo). In the first part discusses orÃÂgenes regeneracionistas tourism espaÃÂ ± ol, pioneers and celebraciÃÂ ³ n the First Congress of 1908 to move to assess administrations turÃÂsticas espaÃÂ ± waves of ÃÂ © little: ComisarÃÂa Regia Tourism (1911-1928 ) and the National Tourism created in 1928. In continuaciÃÂ charges, a second part goes into the intellectual debate surrounding the definiciÃÂ charges of identity espaÃÂ ± wave to understand cuÃÂ We were sources and the environment that influenced and inspired the first image turÃÂstica espaÃÂ ± wave, giving atenciÃÂ ³ No special the new sensitivity on imÃÂ ¡genes artÃÂsticas and paisajÃÂsticas that were created in EspaÃÂ ± a, asÃÂ as to the prevalence of cultural models inherited from the nineteenth century. The third part relates some of the first milestones of tourism espaÃÂ ± ol with its deep emotional content and patriÃÂ ³ tico, and ÃÂ fourth last, are valued exhibitions of 1929 in Barcelona and Seville terms turÃÂstico ie, the effect that led imÃÂ you of atracciÃÂ charges of vistiants their value as evidence of the real state of tourism espaÃÂ ± ol and their potential as creative image turÃÂstica of EspaÃÂ ± ÃÂ ¡. Finally, ademÃÂ ¡s coming to the inevitable conclusions, it is intended to reflect, in the long temporary space on the intense relaciÃÂ charges between image turÃÂstica and national identity in the case espaÃÂ ± ol, extending this reflexiÃÂ charges until our present.

Author: GÒâMEZ MARTҍNEZ SUSANA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFҍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFҍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: The pequeÃÂ ± a city of MÃÂ © rtola (Portugal) disfrutÃÂ ³ in AntigÃÂ ¼ age and in the Middle Ages a posiciÃÂ ³ n privileged by their ubicaciÃÂ charges in the ÃÂ seventh last navigable point of rÃÂo Guadiana which made it a key port for control of southern Alentejo and their trade and cultural exchanges. In cerÃÂ ¡mica islÃÂ ¡mica we recognize the main features of the evoluciÃÂ ³ n this pequeÃÂ ± a city of al-Andalus Garb. SÃÂ ³ from the tenth century the cerÃÂ ¡mica of MÃÂ © rtola presents caracterÃÂsticas fully integrated into the tradiciÃÂ ³ n tÃÂ © cnica and iconogrÃÂ ¡fica islÃÂ ¡mica. This ÃÂ © are little elements that relate to MÃÂ © rtola with metrÃÂ ³ polis Cordoba. During the eleventh century relations with the rest of Al-Andalus and the MediterrÃÂ ¡neo West in general intensified. Some objects are closely related to others found in Cartagena, Denia, Majorca, Pisa and Kairawan and show the dynamism of trade between vast regions of MediterrÃÂ ¡neo.Esas relations are intensifying over the twelfth century and until the end of perÃÂodo Almohad , verificÃÂ ¡ndose a strong uniformizaciÃÂ charges of shapes and tÃÂ © cnicas around al-Andalus, although there is a ÃÂ ¡rea relations particularly strong in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, which covers the Algarve and Alentejo and the western part of the valley of the Guadalquivir inlcuyendo Seville. Some objects of exchange seem to have been manufactured in the southeast peninsula, for instance, some cerÃÂ ¡micas Adorned in whole or dry rope with sgraffito. Some of these products serÃÂan despuÃÂ © s redeployed within aletentejano to travÃÂ © s a network of pequeÃÂ ± as cities like Beja, Moura or Aljustrel. In other cases, they are local productions. Ãâ°stas son, además de cerámica común y ornamentada con pintura blanca, loza dorada, un tipo de cerámica de muy costosa fabricación.

Author: SAEZ ABAD RUBEN.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FAC. DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: SUMMARY The purpose of this dissertation study the poliorcética over is the period between the ninth century a. C. And the disappearance of the Roman Empire in Century V d. C. For their preparation has been used all available material from lasfuentes classicism to the current bibliography, through archaeological sites, graphic representations and archeology pilot. With all these materials has been developed that incorporates a study evolution of techniques and machines siege for the period under investigation from the early Assyrian siege towers until the artillery pieces most complex of the Roman Empire. At the same time revising the use of the machines in different escenanos addition to the siege as are the battles campales or in the world shipbuilding. Similarly analyzes the fortifications and what was your development in parallel to the máquinasque is habíandiseñadopara derruirlas.Se puts an end to the investigaciónconun. Analysis of major sieges that have special relevance in the development of the History of Ancient World.

Author: GONZÁLEZ LEONOR M. CARMEN.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTA DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD GÂMa. E HISTORIA U.C.M..

Summary: The purpose of this work dc investigation constituyc the process of forming the State model nineteenth Spanish. Essential elements of this process are individuals who made it theoretically. Hence the importance of the study of his figures. To explain this process has been divided into several phases that correspond to each of flax chapters of this thesis doe loral, making a journey from the last years of the reign of Ferdinand VII, at which time the administrativistas Spaniards face the efforts to create a new administrative structure to the consolidation of the Model Administration moderates from 1845. For the delimitation of the chronological phases in which they have divided the process has been used as a criterion approximate periods of validity of each text conslitucionales that took place between 1833 and 1845. The first chapter is devoted to the later years of the reign of Ferdinand VII and reFormismo femandino and analyzed Figures Luis Lopez Ballesteros and Pedro Saínz of Andean. The second covers the transitional period from the death of Fernando VII and the mutiny on the Farm, which coincides roughly with the validity of the statute Royal yen the administrative level has been marked by the introduction of the test model illustrated by the Governing building lavier of Hurgas. The third is devoted to the years between the mutiny on the Farm and the resignation of M "Cristina to the regency, years during which the thought evolves administrative leave and enlightened approaches and buy a real caréÍcter liberal, and the doctrinal basis mature the model moderate primarily with the works of OlivéÍn and Silvela, to which must be added, with less originality, Manuel Ortiz de Zuniga. Finally, the fourth chapter, after a brief allusion to the regency Espartero, is dedicated to the consolidation Model Management, developed in the theoretical level during elapa anlerior., and led to legislation and was introduced permanently after the arrival of the moderates to power and the adoption of the Constitution of 1845.

Author: PEREIRA JÚNIOR JOSÉ.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: The strategic location of the territory where they develop Araranguá, with its coastline and the open sea limiting the mountain ranges of the Sierra served, since its inception, as a great reference to the passengers who remained in the direction of the Autonomous Region of Rio Grande do Sul or bound to the north, for the Autonomous Region of Sao Paulo. For decades the region of dense forests, was adonnecida, distant, without calling attention of the explorers, the Indians can live freely and without fear in suinmenso territory. But in the middle of the sixteenth century of these lands were made maps and geographical configured in letters, but not pass a simple and unknown corridor by the seashore, used as a way of the prosecution led by emissaries of the court and the community independent missionaries, soldiers and other travelers. The scenario landscape seen from the top of Morro two Convents and unmistakable mouth of the river came from the jungle more inside, gave the sailors and horsemen an attractive overview, which is linked mainly to the privileged position with regard to schools most developed to bring attention to those who sought to identify land and make maps of the roads to be open, to occupy southern vast South American territory. Questions had arisen inevitably, the promise of the only entrance into the unknown region, with the aim of reaching more efficiently to the camps of the top of the mountain and pave the way to Curitiba. The coast of Santa Catarina was originally inhabited by Indians Carijós. Relatively tame, held since the early days of discovery trade relations with the Portuguese navigators and, consequently being evangelistic easy.

Author: RIO ALDA ANGEL DE.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This thesis deals with new evidence regarding the actual location of writing in ancient societies. The aim is to establish whether, in the limited geographical area and time of what we call the Old World, writing was a change, and if it did, if its scope was limited to just purely funcional.Para therefore engage in the expansion and assimilation of writing and in the development of literacy, concluding that elementary education or literacy were not so widespread among social classes as has been said. It raises the script, understood as the realization of a new technology produced minimal alterations in the dynamics of social change and always in favor of powerful groups, was created by and for small groups, which were controlled. Therefore, if writing is not an end in itself but is used to delve into the differences of class, we see nothing innocent relationships with those who write history, and properly assess the information to through them we have been transmitted. In other words, pretending to know the real value of writing in the Antigà ¼ age in its two main tracks, its actual penetration among the population and that provides us with the knowledge of their society.

Author: MANSILLA CASTAÑO ANA M..
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This paper provides an overview of the current situation of disclosure of archaeological heritage in Castile and Leon from the analysis of different types of speeches. First speech Divulging spaces, museums, archaeological sites and archaeological classrooms, secondly that of the published materials firsthand, brochures and guides, and thirdly, the people, the actors in the disclosure of archaeological heritage and those who visit the public. The objective of this analysis is the application of a methodology that can be extrapolates to other geographical contexts, as a tool for evaluating the dissemination practices.

Author: VILLAVERDE SASTRE M. DOLORES.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This paper deals with the study of la-hacienda the city of Guadalajara in its double meaning tax and assets. In the first study that is the heritage of property that the city had, 'which consisted of land, mountains, a dehesa and some urban properties, and minor exception of houses consistoriales linked to the supply. He was further alienated income in the crown: the actual weight, the average brokerage and measure the grain, as well as offices also sold as escribanía of a1cabalasy two in the city. Likewise possessed perpetual census and a census of redeemable importance it generated a substantial part of its revenue flows coming from the income obtained from some of these goods, and others were unproductive. It examines the evolution over sigloy the importanciar elativade each one of the types of income that he owned, señalandolos changes in this aspect, which rents disappeared, such as census returns redeemable from 1724 that was settled and what other new revenues were obtained: rents of new buildings or brandy. It also discusses costs, classified into regular, much of it intended to pay wages, rents census that the city had on their property, and taxes, as well as repairs and maintenance of sources, etc. cobblestone.; and extraordinary, usually linked to special needs of the Crown or service to it, emphasizing its importance to the finances of the city. These were unforeseen and urgent and therefore raised the funding issue because it could not be satisfied by ordinary income, thus forcing the city funded through resort to means, namely exceptional procedures requiring permission from the Crown parausados for a while and need for a particular purpose. Although the most common means used to be that these were extraordinary charges on some kinds of consumption, ie an excise tax, also was considered a dock exploitation of own resources to generate income and in the case of Guadalajara, the use of coal to manufacture Mount of the Alcarria, more importantede their own. Thus, and this is one a rasgocaracterísticoe uncommon, ciudadn acudióa route impositivacon frecuenciasinoI to exploitation of the Mount, even assuming taxes from its neighbors. It also discusses I efectosque tuvieronlas reformasde Cados nI in Haciendadel Ayuntamientoy the role of strong R Taxation Real in the state of municipal finance during this century. So the same favorable treatment that was meted out by the Crown, with the installation of the Real Fábrica de cloths, as well as repeated pardons their debts with the Royal Treasury.

Author: CARRETERO POBLETE PEDRO ANTONIO.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: We face a multidisciplinary where, through a wide variety of sources, has tried to dig into the olive-growing farms that arise at the end of the century V BC The Countryside Gaditana and will be following the same pattern of settlement villas agricultural created by Carthage in the territories under its unit at the moment. As director of the fossil has been done a detailed analysis of the amphorae called "Tiñosa", concluding that were manufactured in the same agricultural villages of the Countryside and they had to carry olive oil. This supports the theory of possible population movements from Carthage to this area of Lower Guadalquivir to proceed to intensive agricultural development.

Author: NIEVA GUILLERMO RENE.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FAC. GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA. UNIV. COMPLUTENSE MADRID.

Summary: Based on the results obtained by the Social Psychology in the study of the dynamics of small groups and the processes of social influence, we analyzed the historical development of the religious community of the convent of St. Stephen Salamanca between 1475 and 1550 circa. The thesis has been divided into three parts. In the first, in order to understand some contextual issues and individuals of the community in question, we reviewed some concepts that define a community of religisos, the Dominican friars and the movement of the observation. In the second part we review the history of this community stopping primarily in understanding the process leading to the arrival of the observant to Salamanca in 1475, as well as the behavior of the community since joining the congregation of observacia in 1486, and finally to the further development of standardization to the campaign launched by the superiors of the Order after the war of the Communities and the first news of the reform Lutheran. All this has enabled us to identify the various stages of changing social identity that affected the religious community and the results of it. In the third part of the thesis, finally, after specifying the values of the demographic evolution community over the period studied as well as material consequences for payment of the convent salmantino to enforcement, he examines the type of community and monk that resulted from that process, plausible in that society and to be imposed as a dominant model, with the consequences church attached to his contemporaries and to subsequent generations. The thesis is accompanied by a map showing the major possessions acquired the convent and some graphics that describe the demographic evolution of the community of St. Stephen Salamanca.

Author: MONTES MIRALLES M. YOLANDA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This paper deals with the study of ideology in the aristocratic origins of Arcaísmo Greek, in particular its manifestation in the epic iliádica. The investigation is divided into five parts (which joined the conclusions). The first of these is devoted to describing the characteristics of the society iliádica from the perspective of the definition of otherness between "I" and "another", ie between aristai and kakai of the poem. The second chapter, in which otherness is negotiated between "self" and "other equally" (entiéndase within the pre-eminent social group) to discuss the exclusionary language of isai allai, "others equally." This second chapter is divided in turn into three subepígrafes major. The first one deals with the mechanisms for maintenance of social order, how the ideal society of the epic verbaliza the cosmos, pricing mechanisms and recognition, and especially the route of the circle of philates (parent and cultural) as a mechanism that seeks to ensure predictability in relations between the aforementioned otherness "equal". The second of the subepígrafes deals with forms of disruption of this exclusionary language that the heroes have defined itself as (the anger and rage, the lack of respect for the limit, deceit, criticism and indignation .... ) Finally, the third subheading analyzes recovery strategies of social order as a way of rebalancing, which is described in the literature as "compensation systems." The third chapter focuses on Atrida as the personification of quiebro a series of budgets sociocultural defmidos, while in the fourth, dedicated to Achilles, defending how the poem presents the hero as exemplum negative depending on the budgets of his imagination to finish convirtiéndole the champion of a new form of heroism. The method has been followed is the analysis and use "behavior" of certain terms lingüsticos that we believe are relevant to each of the psycho-social contexts addressed. At no time has sought seconding the society of Iliad (meaning which is reflected in the poem) for any period of Greek history and so, in the fifth chapter deals with the employment problem of the poem as a historical source (the question that is answered affirmatively), but not from the more conventional optics, but as a source mítico-ideológica you are looking defmir in idealidad of epas an ethic of minimizing risk in relations otherness interaristocráticas.

Author: RODRIGUEZ TEN M. ELENA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This study aims to show how an interdisciplinary approach since the formation of the Greek religion was a highly complex process in which customs and traditions very diverse, specific populations and existing civilizations in the Aegean since prehistory, and which notes primarily a cultural continuity, but with changes and transformaciones.Un clear example of this situation is found in the evolution of worship Hera, a divinity prehelénica that was adopted by the people protogriegas that were introduced in Greece over the Bronze Age, whose attributes and characteristics have been modified over the centuries and especially in the Dark High Arcaísmo.El study of votive offerings found in their most important shrines, as well as news recogidad in classical sources allows us to asserting that this was not simply the goddess archetype of married women and their role in religion from the Bronze Age and Dark century was not reduced to the sphere of marriage and familia.Por contrast, a goddess Hera was very linked to the real and citadels micénicas of Argólide, an area that could arise in their worship, and was later venerated by the oligarchies that inherited political power after the collapse micénico.Las social and political change that took place during the Age of Iron and High Arcaísmo the relegated to a secondary role in the vault, focusing on the defense of married women and the institution of matrimonio.No however, archeology shows that also retained some of its original attributes, setting a more complicated picture of the goddess of what has traditionally been manifiestado in the investigation.

Author: GONZÁLEZ CASADO ALBERTO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This paper deals with the study of the Sandinista revolution from laperspectiva of grassroots groups that protaghonizan in 1979 a move that removes the foundations of oligarchic power in Centroamérica.Trata to understand the behavior of the majority group excluded in its relationship with the main political player . Va. preceded by a study of the context in which this process and the actors involved in él.Se faced with the difficulty of knowing comportamienteos majorities to be hiding and taken behaviors resistance jpasiva in long periods of history. The work is structured thematically around three themes: sovrevivencia, war, and participation and relies on an anthropological perspective of direct observation and intensiva.Las sources used are 68 interviews long, which are tastings in depth, to learn behavioral changes, fomación and development of the awareness of these groups. Part of the assumption that voter behavior in 1990 did not respond to questions conyunturales but to a distance of the lead administrator of deep state and largo.El survey finds that point and how they developed a new grass-roots experience, planteándoas, and the weakness of the States and supapel, the relationship with the elites, along with the global movement and the long-term social history of Latin America.

Author: HOSADA KAWASE HARUKO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This study attempts to determine the policy, the role and position American face Spain in the process of democratic transition around the death of Franco, who until now was unclear plenamente.Al same time, after the tragedy of 11-M , erviría as a reflection of the beginning of Spanish politics "aduladora and obedient" to the U.S. So far, there are few academic studies on the relationship between Spain and the USA From the point of view diplomat in contemporary history, especially in times of transition, largely due to the lack of documents disponibles.En this context, this paper presents an analysis with innovative new and unknown documents, especially those USA As conclusions of this work, we would like to emphasize the American foreign policy from 1973 to 1977 is not "active" but "discreet and indirect support" for the process of transition. And this policy works very effectively to maintain good relations between Spain and EE.UU.en the time of the Transitional though it had supported the regime franquista.También is to be noted that this attitude of American help indirectly to a peaceful transition was taken at the initiative of the Foreign Service rather than by Washington since the Ambassador to Spain, Wells Stabler, has been a career diplomat and not only has knowledge of politics in Europe but also their ideas and ideals to the nascent democracia.Asimismo, we would like to underline the role of Don Juan Carlos to the foreign policy of this time and the backs of American congressmen to democratic Spain, through the adoption of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation.

Author: CASTILLO MALLÉN MARA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA (DPT . H ANTIGUA).

Summary: The dynasties XVII and XIX of the Egyptian New Kingdom have been cosideradas by traditional historiography as the ultimate expression of power Pharaonic, and the expansion militar.Al same time period has been understood as the triumph of a particular sector of the Egyptian clergy, Related worship the god imn (Amon). My work consisted of a reworking of this paradigm following a methodology for critical analysis of the textual sources and iconographic and especially bringing to light the contradictions between the discourse and economic measures. Thus I was clear that, far from being the king of Egypt as a model of absolutist government, the pharaoh during the period under consideration was relegated to the tasks of government by an elite-specific noble Tebas- that what reduced to mere visual icon but absolutely unable to practice politics and government. This paralysis cash recistió ideologically extreme of divinization of her figure and the gradual replacement of his effigy by symbols converted to the mass worker, in his ruling, in an abstract entity. The program was implemented with the support of two major deities of both clear affiliation tebana, the god imn and a professed former divinity created for that purpose and that was none other than the city of Thebes converted into goddess, the goddess ws.t.

Author: CASADO RIGALT DANIEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA. UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: Jose Ramon Melida can be considered as the most representative Spanish archaeologist of more than half a century elapsed in the period between 1875 and 1936. Conformó style archaeologist heir to the tradition anticuaria precedent, which involves debugging and innovate to impart new airs in tune with the main positivists and scientists. He managed to reduce the gap between the Spanish and European archeology, thanks in part to his contacts with French Spaniards. He tried to Europeanize and depoliticize science Spanish in order to achieve its scientific autonomy. Melida represents the gradual rapprochement with the scientific archeology, from an archaeological conditioned by artistic patterns and even literary. He was immersed in a context dominated by foreign archaeologists who dominated much of archeology Spanish, receiving high doses of French training. If your contribution as a prehistorian, limited to a few thoughts about the ceramics and megalitismo is insufficient is unquestionable contribution in the field of Protohistory. It was the first archaeologist in Spanish Iberian venture into the problem after failed attempts by his predecessor John of God and the Rada and thin. He also participated in the excavations Numancia and Merida, in addition to achieving the leadership of Artistic Reproductions Museum and the National Archaeological Museum. Already in the final stretch of his life, Melida published several manuals and chapters work sencilopédicas, which proved more useful as reference books which by its scientific significance. His contribution as epitológo was reduced to a work of the cabinet and theoretical knowledge acquired more level academic scientist. From an institutional point of view, the entry of Spanish in college Melida meant joining a center where the Archeology had weak academic career a decade. The Program of Archeology designed by him, was assimilated and a new periodization in which it was identified with the Iberian Protohistory, breaking with the paniberismo tradition nineteenth century. After the chair played by John Catalina Garcia, Melida emptied dyes anticuarista the agenda of his predecessor, broadening the spectrum theme of the course and including Prehistory. Not only succeeded Melida adapt the course to changing times, but his legacy at the campus was tempered by continued and Antonio Garcia and Bellido, Cayetano of Mergelina and Juan de Mata Carriazo. Therefore, it must be considered to Jose Ramon Melida as a form of archeology Spanish period from the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century. It represents the triumph of the model professional archaeologist at the end decades of the nineteenth century that links to a more mature stage of Archeology in Spain from the Act 1911.

Author: MACIAS MUÑOZ FELIX RODOLFO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: In the territory of the current provinia Watershed settled the civitates of Ercabica, Segóbriga and Valetia.Se estudan the mechanisms through which these civitates could desarrollarses, with a special focus on the following aspects:-Desestructuración of reality pre Development (Olcades) - and implementation of the economic, political, social and cualturales Romans (process romanization) - Reorganization of space under the patterns of territorial control from Rome. - Study of the territories of civitates paying special attention to the following elements:-Limits between civitates-Role of settlements in structuring the territor: civi and villae. - Infrastructure: roads, bridges, minas.etc. Faced with the usual concepts that focus on urban areas, can be seen as the seemingly marginal and rural areas were fully integrated into the scheme of territorial control of civitatesw romanas.Su study is required in order to achieve a real understanding of what meant the process of romanization.

Author: NAVARRO SALDAÑA ALFREDO.
Year: 2005.
University: CANTABRIA [www.unican.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y LETRAS.

Summary: The dissertation deals, firstly, a comprehensive study on the means of navigation in the Antigà ¼ classical age, and then a concrete analysis on the development of maritime communications in the Southwest Atlantic Europe during ancient times. In the first part of the investigation are discussed diveros aspects of the practice of navigation in the period between centuries V a. C. V d. C. After considering the evidence that indicate the existence of contacts by sea between different areas of the Atlantic from Europe Prehistory to the pre-Roman era, provides a thorough study of all aspects relating to maritime vessel tion and to a lesser extent, river in Greek and Roman times. It discusses the constraints derived from marine currents, and wind direction and describes the different types of boat used in the Antigà ¼ age: form, function, load capacity, speed, building materials, dimensions, etc.. It was also collects and studies all the documentation related to the technology shipping from ancient literary sources and archaeological. In particular extracted data representations ships in reliefs, paintings, sculptures, mosaics and ancient coins, among other possibilities. The second part of the work follows the geographic scope for the sea strip that stretches from southern Portugal (Algarve) to the mouth of the river Garonne, in Bordeaux (France). The author provides a detailed presentation of all the evidence documented in the ancient archaeological geographical area, paying special attention to the type of port sites and the findings of ancient amphorae and other goods that show the existence of a Roman trade by the European Atlantic area . The paper concludes with a final, indices of archaeological sites, a careful selection of maps and illustrations of ancient ships, a glossary of terms naval and an extensive bibliography.