PREHISTORY

Author: DUQUE ESPINO DAVID MANUEL.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA [More theses of this university] [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Summary: Concern for the environment, and within it the means plant can be considered as one of the main issues that have permeated society today. The Prehistory and Archaeological have not been outside nor interest in this. So, what have revealed the exponential growth they have experienced in recent years, international and multidisciplinary studies with those who have sought to learn about the Man held in a social environment, ecological and, ultimately, cultural and given how they have been changing over time. Among them, disciplines arqueobotánicas have to play a key role in developing new concepts and interpretations for defmición of historical processes. All this has been going on within an overall concept recognized as historiográficamente Archeology Space, the Territory, or more recently Landscape. This has been the case in studies of pre - and protohistóricos Extremadura region, but its incorporation into this line of work has been recently deparado have so far early results. On relations Hombre-Medio in a systematic way, at least, from the Bronze Age to Roman. A reflection of all that has been the preliminary synthesis of  "Landscape and Agriculture in Protohistória ExtremeñaÂ" (Grau Al-mero and others, 1998a) conducted from the results palynological, antracológicos and carpológicos several settlements in our region released in Extremadura Protohistórica: Paleoambiente, Economy and Poblamiento (Rodriguez Diaz, 1998). In. This same framework, but in the year 1999, were presented at a Doctoral Thesis results in studies paleopolínicos of these settlements, and some more, in Paleoambiente and Paleoeconomia during the 1st millennium BC Extremadura (Hemández Carretero, 1999a). Currently, with the continuation of this line of work in renewed projects investigators early publication (Rodriguez Diaz, ep), we have shown the inputs and outputs antracológicos derived from our Doctoral Thesis: The management of landscape plant in Prehistory Recent and Protohistory in the Guadiana Basin Media apartir of Antracologia. The choice of this title responded to multiple issues inherent in the development of work. First, we thought it imperative that appearance in the same discipline that was going to be the driving force behind the work, the Antracologia. This was understood over all the work from his dual perspective interpretative: paleobotánica / paleoenvironmental and paleoetnológica. It was therefore preferred the term management, because we must not forget that the remains antracológicos that finally we studied were the products, by-products and waste activities in the settlements. However, in this nuance sharply anthropic, Antracología had also recognized that more ability to define the composition of the flora of the environments settlements, translated in terms of vegetation and raise through lengthy sequence in time and comparing records peers, issues related to environmental trends. Variations of it, finally, were the result of climatic factors and anthropic for chronologies in which we have 8 mos movi 1ff8 do and those that have begun with a certain variety of information antracológica in particular, and archaeobotany, general. From these premises have approached the characterization of landscape plant for the period from Calcolithic (mer millennium BC) and Roman (Ss II-I BC aI AD) in the Guadiana Basin Media; area where you have located the greatest part of the settlements studied. While it is true that, time frames and space above have been overcome with the addition of preliminary studies on biogeographical related contexts, such as hydrographic network southern middle of the Tagus. So, preliminarily, information antracológica finally exposed, has begun to define a sequence of vegetation from approximately 7,500 BP Hasta2.000B.P., Válidopara Basin Mediadel Guadianay, to a lesser extent, the Tagus. The exhibition of all this is structured into eight chapters, which have been detailed below: Chapter I have tried to bring out the context in which they were introduced studies antracológicos in our region. This required a brief look back to the origins of the discipline and show a picture about how long it was consolidated, technical and methodologically, by the end of the twentieth century. The consolidation of Antracología paleobotánica as discipline and paleoetnológica has been, without doubt, which led to its spread to different areas of the Iberian Peninsula in a phased manner in space and time. The intense debate since contrasting positions theoretical and methodological developments enabled continuous also set a systematic field work, laboratory and cabinet. These general criteria and have shaped our particularities antracológica basic methodology followed in our work that has been discussed in Chapter 2. An important part of the methodology antracológica in particular, and archaeobotany in general seha structured around the defmición the parameters biogeographic and existing vegetation that has been synthesized in Chapter 3. From them, we tried to provide a general frame of reference to understand better the results antracológicos obtained and interpret in terms of vegetation. For its part, in Chapter 4 has exposed the paleoflora antracológica determined. They have highlighted the anatomical characteristics of each taxon, their special ecological most defining, as well as a few comments on the uses and properties of wood, in particular, or the plant in question, in general. From these chapters general, we have addressed the specific study of each of the sites involved. They have formed a broad integrated bloc in Chapter 5. The differences in the types of deposits, interventions, occupational streams, sampling antracológicos made and the volume analytical studied, have prevented chronologically expose their results. However, the eight points he has been divided this chapter, the first seven have responded to the study of individual settlements in chronological order as far as possible. They have been identified based on the relevance of qualitative and quantitative information antracológica. The last paragraph has included those sites arqueo.lógicos, with chronologies disparate, have submitted a low volume in their samples and the recovery of them, moreover, have been conducted under special criteria or premises, away from our methodological principles. Despite these differences in the records antracológicos, has continued Unmismo scheme exhibition in each of the sites. Thus, we started a general framework for localization work archaeological developed and sequencing crono-cultural obtained. Next, we set the framework biogeographic in terms mesoespaciales in order to show affinities and specificities with respect to parameters defined broadly to the Guadiana Basin Media in Chapter 3. With all this, there has been a brief commentary on the collection of samples antracológicas and has been established. Level of significance in qualitative and quantitative terms. This validation has been key to the outcome antracológicos concrete and interpret them in terms of vegetation, auxiliándonos framework biogeo graphic referential developed earlier. Finally, our results have been verified and integrated sequences palinológicas respective, and interpreted in light of the information paleoeconómica available, in order to point out some management issues their environments. The integration of information antracológica has laid out diachronic and concise in chapter 6. From this, we have begun to define a sequence tripartite very preliminarily for the evolution of the medium plant Media Guadiana Basin and adjacent areas. Sequence has been contrasted, in the first instance, with the remaining information paleobotánica and archaeobotany southwestern quadrant of the Peninsular and paralelizada finally with synthetic exposure of the dynamics of vegetation available to other areas peninsular Mediterranean. Some issues have arisen during the process of analysis of samples, confirmed later in the processing of the results of each archaeological site and in the synthesis antracológica defined, have led us to look for new ways to raise and exhibit qualitative and quantitative data the results antracológicos Extremadura. These experimental formulas have been applied on a chronological sequence, more or less long, which we had sampled antracológico comprehensive and meaningful, within a limited geographical area. The work developed in the project "Research and Development (R & D) in the district of La Serena (Extremadura), the archeological site of La Mata of Campanario (Badajoz)" have enabled have a unique and important information to a level developing these aspects. This would have raised more detailed analysis units that antracológico diagram. They have been proposed new formula for quantifying data antracológicos and have developed diacrónicamente from phases crono-culturales established between La Mata and Magacela. There has been, on the basis of these vegetation units and their corresponding quantitative data, an analysis of the spatial distribution and exploitation of vegetation, with the hindsight that we offer these settlements. Moreover, the information antracológica from La Mata, has made an effort to move closer to the uses of wood, especially the constructive from its collection to its provision in the architectural structure of the building. Finally, we have tried to imbricar differences in the structure and state of vegetation phases postorientalizante (V century BC) of La Mata and romano-republicana (century Il-I BC) Magacela with two different forms of ownership territory, marked by the settlement. Forms of ownership, under the prism of the Archaeological Landscape, as it has been possible to conceive of two models of management that, perhaps, help explain the significant impact on the natural environment for the change was. All this has shaped Chapter 7 of this work. Finally, Chapter 8 has compiled the findings of this Doctoral Thesis. Conclusions that lejosde overviews closed, have sought to highlight the potential that studies antracológicos have opened in our region to help achieve greater deepening of the readings arqueológic 8 as r 410 elation with their environments. In this respect, many have been immediate fronts we have shown suggestive and important on the one hand, to further develop some of the issues raised now and, secondly, to be addressing the significant methodological limitations and registration with whom so far we have counted.

Author: LÓPEZ CACHERO F. JAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE GEOGRAFIA I HISTÓRIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The necropolis incineration Can Piteu-Can Roqueta, with its nearly 1100 graves identified, represents one of the largest funeral protohistoria entire peninsula. This thesis has been discussed all ceramic from a total of 731 structures, including tombs (663), found scattered (57), pits functionality uncertain (7), cobblestone (2), holes pole (1) and structures combustion (1). For chronology of the 663 tombs, 404 correspond to the Bronze Final (61%), 146 to the First Age of Iron (22%) and 113 could not be certain chronologically (17%). Of all the structures studied (732), have identified a total of 1990 individuals ceramic, of whom 851 are Bronze Final 496 to the First Age of Iron and 643 to a chronology uncertain. However, the main objective of this thesis has been the study of ceramic materials from the necropolis. To do this, we have designed a comprehensive analysis to include the functional interpretation of the vessel, its valuation chronologically and finally, the management of the entire body in ceramic rates well defined. For the latter, applying different statistical methods, especially the analysis of clusters and analysis of major components, which have not always yielded the desired results. Ultimately, after assessing the data provided by the excavation of graves and vessels, we were able to conclude that the necropolis incineration begin to develop during the Bronze Final, in particular towards the year 1000 cal. NSA, and will not be until well into the eighth century lime. NSA probably middle or end of it, when they began to get the first products of Mediterranean origin (fibulas). A little later, in particular throughout the seventh century lime. NSAs, ie, in full First Iron Age, it will consolidate the final participation of this community in some commercial networks Mediterranean, giving rise to deeper changes that result in greater complexity and richness of the ritual funeral.

Author: BOSCH ARGILAGÓS JOSEP.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The purpose of this thesis has been studying the formation of the Neolithic period in a given region of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula: the downstream Ebro. It has been considered necessary to recognize the emergence of the Neolithic food production, but not enough, it also needed a profound shift in the lifestyles of the last hunter-gatherers. The previous investigations, the work of different authors, dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century and have formed a remarkable archaeological record, but suffered from three weaknesses: discontinuity, lack of modern research and poor dissemination of its results. Defined item and analyzed the coming, the goals were to resume research on the Neolithic in the lower Ebro examine the role of substrate precedent in the formation and raise the work to achieve a comprehensive approach to the process of neolitización and the Neolithic, in a geographical context with a special significance for the study and which are distinguished: a depression by circulating the Ebro, the mountains that surround and a broad front sea. The work has been based on the study of archaeological materials and documentation for excavations at ancient sites dating from the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic East, the matching and complementing with modern excavations in some deposits, and interdisciplinary collaboration by integrating the results of various specialized research. It highlights three inputs: 1 - The collection and presentation of old and new unpublished data. 2 - The organization and management of this data, setting up a systematic chronology and cultural going on between the Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic East. 3 - The proposal for a process neolitización for the region downstream of the Ebro. In this process, the emergence of developments in the Neolithic precedent is a substrate mesolítico tardenoisiense, resulted in a Neolithic cultural horizon Old Cardial and advanced on a date, compared with other regions of the Mediterranean coast peninsular, a process based on continuity and the result of different factors. They are studied in detail stages: Epipaleolítico Microlaminar, Mesolithic Sauveterriense, Neolítioc Old Epicardial, Neolítioc Old Postcardial and Neolithic East. In Epipaleolítico Microlaminar s has placed the two levels of the oldest known Cova of Vidre and coat of Clot de l'Hospital (Roquetes), both deposits located in the Massif dels Ports of i Beseit. IN the Mesolithic Sauveterriense a more modern that the Vidre Cova, in which they appeared remnants of a home. While the Neolithic Old Epicardial, has claimed responsibility for the most modern level of acquaintances in the same Cova of Vidre, which also have been discovered remnants of a home, in addition to abundant archeological materials (ceramic, lithic industry, ornaments corporal , etc..). During the Neolithic Old Epicardial was introduced food production in the region, presumably without the abandonment of the game and adapt to the conditions of the mountain. Notable is the presence of material elements that evoke external contacts. This stage can relate, at least in part, a rock art naturalist and schematic. Late Neolithic Old Epicardial, in the Neolithic Postcardial and in the Neolithic half, the population was established along the river Ebro. Residía in populated outdoor structures composed of stones, in addition to land and vegetable matter. Enterraba their dead in graves of different types, grouped in small necropolis near the accommodation. The graves were singles and the deceased used to be buried with a trousseau composed of a necklace, bracelet, a recent pottery and flint tools carved rock pulimentadas. The burial practices was to be used 8 to au 2d6 ing social cohesion, express the appropriation of resources or land, to worship ancestors and socially distinguish certain persons. During the period between the late Neolithic Old Epicardial and Neolithic East, the neolitización of the region downstream of the Ebro was complete.

Author: TORRE SÁINZ IGNACIO DE LA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA, UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: This thesis explores the industry lithic two sequences archaeological Pleistocene lower east africa, Olduvai and Peninj, both in northern Tanzania. Collections lithic of Olduvai studied in this work were excavated by M. Leakey in the decade of 1960, and have been reviewed by the author at the National Museum of Kenya in Nairobi, where éstan currently stored. Analysis collections lithic of Pininj, in the western region of Lake Natron, has focused on registration generated since 2000 by the team excabación current, but also have reviewed the materials excabados by G. Isaac decades ago and deposited in the National Museum of Tanzania in Dar es Salaam. All lithic collections have been analyzed from a technological approach, which involves the reconstruction of the chains operating lithic that generated the conjuntos.De that way, it has tried to find out what technology strategies guided the work of the stone of hominids that inhabited northern Tanzania in the first phase of the Lower Pleistocene (in the range between 1.8 and 1.3 milloners years before present). In addition lithic collections have always been considered taking into account the available contextual information, which makes it possible to evaluate not only the methods of carving stone, but also delve into the processes of formation of archaeological sites and deduct the functionality of the same and In short, rebuild land management on the part of the Plio Pleistocene hominids. In short, this thesis proposes models carving of the stone between the artisans of Olduvai and Peninj, contextualiza these technological strategies in the broader context of landscape management by these hominids and finally reflects on the development of the first technology known, Olduvayense, and the subsequent emergence of Achelense, all within the framework of human evolution in East Africa.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ RODRIGUEZ M.DOLORES MALARENA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: The thesis deals with a comprehensive study of the ceramic glaze of red, from the Iron Age to the Plateau sur.Comienza with an approximate geographical serve as a basis for assessing the chances of obtaining raw materials for ceramics and manufacturing systems communication related to the introduction and distribution of products of this type in the social market of the time. It continues with the valuation of which involves the introduction of a new tableware from the point of view of social shaping and manufacturing of producción.En First, it establishes the characterization of ceramic glaze red criteria and conducting a complete catalog of items, deposits, contexts and cronolgías.A It adds a chapter analysis to determine composition, manufacturing process and provenance of the materials at present following the same steps that phase ibérica.El production process complex has been the subject of an ethnographic study with potters in the area. The conclusions deals with the problem of integrating this dishware red varnish in consumption habits, his job being complementary and sometimes substitute the ceramic ática.Se stresses the need for specialized production and a large market and continuing to judging by the volume.

Author: MAURA MIJARES RAFAEL.
Year: 2004.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This thesis deals with the study of demonstrations rock paleolíticas the Cave of Ardales and the postpaleoliticas framed in Guadalorce half, from an exhaustive documentary, deepening the intrinsic characteristics of such events and providing detailed technical analysis, thematic, stylistic , spatial and morphological, bearing in mind the ultimate objective of the Fund, which consists of a series of inferences of a cultural and chronological derived directly] to systematic application of these methodologies. Incorporating] computer has led to the development of highly reliable methods, offering the possibility of developing the body of documentary exposed so fully digitized and allowing no time in establishing physical contact with these fragile documents. It also defines conventions of representation intimately related enforcement techniques primitive, so that the end reproductions serve, as well as related technical, including support if it is considered binding. Applying a simple methodology for induction and deduction contrast, raised many assumptions related to enforcement techniques, both of the reasons for the prints, painted, being confirmed or refuted afterwards. In this study plays a vital role making macrofotografías granting, likewise, great importance to experimentation. As for the Paleolithic art of the Cave of Ardales add 32 new reasons figurative and around 280 signs to those already known. Stresses the discovery of 18 zoomorfos, 10 anthropomorphic, 1 hand negative and 3 positive. In total we collected 945 reasons distributed in 228 panels of art. It collects information about issues such as the iconographic associations, groups and the significance sets synchronous. Given these data suggests a graphic sequence that allows the establishment of a chronological order for the reasons and joint studied. To this end, various groups are selected based on ana logical observation of a number of overlaps and infraposiciones recidivists and other variables of a technical nature, thematic, stylistic, spatial and morphological. As a result of this proposal periodization defined three major cycles artistic, as well as their possible phases. At noted that all floors own climatic environment of the reservoir (mountain, forest, valley, river, lake) are represented by species that are themselves, it is suggested the possibility that the figurations are zoomorphic wanted to reflect, Somehow, the surrounding territory. These approaches interpretive turn interact with the potential social activities conducted in relation to art, which include] to exploration and contlguración initial cavity, the very production of graphic demonstrations and oral transmission of teaching about nature contrasting lifestyles as a means of ensuring the continuity and survival of the group. As for the art postpaleolítico in e] Guadalhorce average collected 3 new stations artistic and reviewed other 6, aportándose 47 new grounds, including 12 anthropomorphic diverse typology. Altogether explores 103 reasons distributed in 20 panels of art. Interpretative proposals are made based on factors such as the versatility and flexibility inherent in these figurations or analysis of the structures iconographiques for identifying anthropomorphic and its possible implications of historical perspective.

Author: ARMENDARIZ MARTIJA JAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA.

Summary: This archaeological research has emerged as its main objective the study of human groups that inhabited this territory from the Bronze Final until such time as it was completed by the phenomenon of romanization (Century 1 BC). To this end, away from focusing on the characterization of the material culture of this era as has been done to date, the scientific discourse has been researched and referenced in the detailed chronological study of settlement patterns and their territorial jurisdictions, in order the approach to the identification of the new socio-economic model that was introduced during this period in the Ebro valley. In total, there have been cataloged 247 towns gives structure of the Iron Age, procediéndose a systematic excavation of a significant sample of them, which have enabled underpin the continuities and ruptures observed in the historical development of the first emerging in urban communities this part of the Ebro valley. The findings from this study indicate that is the end of the Bronze Age when they arise in this territory with the first cluster villages apriorístico design, which evolved over the Old Iron and East towards formations sociopoJíticas national associations with the city as lemento articulator of the settlement during the finals of the last of the Age of Metals. In the two centuries prior to the change was that indigenous land use planning will be integrated fully into the political orbit of Rome.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ DE PABLO JAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: ALICANTE [More theses of this university] [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.

Summary: This paper addresses the contextualization archaeological Art Levantino one of the cores of rock art's largest Spanish Mediterranean area: the Riu of them Coves, in Maesrazgo Castellón. The results are incorporated into a porgrama research broadest which aims to study and contextualization of art ruprestre in the study area from a regional approach. In this regard the study of archaeological sequence and the evolution of prehistoric settlers have formed the core aims dela research at the local level. It integrates the study of more than 30m deposits and a different analysis of the sequences critical situations in the immediate environment (Lower Aragon and Maestrazgo). These aspects have been contrasted with the stream of art in the area and with the main models for the distribution of coats painted. The findings resume discursión on different models contextualization arqueolígica Art Levantino in the Mediterranean area, assessing their bases archaeological. Here is bet on descincular its contextualization of tradition epipaleolitica, traditionally used frame of reference. The lithic analysis of the series has allowed, in this sense, discard the hypothesis that defending a model of continuity. This change represents an outright support his study in the context of the transformation processes regionalization available by registering mainland since mid-V Millennium Cal BC projecting its evolution toward advanced stages of the sequence Neolithic (III Cal Millennium BC).

Author: Soler i Subils Joaquim.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA [More theses of this university] [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Facultat de Lletres.
Place of preparation: Facultat de Lletres de la Universitat de Girona.

Summary: The working thesis had intended to study the paintings of Zemmur (Western Sahara). The Zemmur is a mountainous region rich in coats, which opened in the cliffs of sandstone hills. These increases are low, flat roofs and elongated. The paintings were discovered in 1995, when the staff of the Ministry of Culture and the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic showed a team of archaeologists and anthropologists from the University of Girona. The campaigns of continuing study, which has been made in these deposits of rock painting since then have provided data for this research. Altogether this is a set of 2734 paintings spread over 130 coats and 5 deposits separate Uad Ymal, Uad Kenta, Rekeiz Ajahfun, Rekeiz Lemgasem and Asako. The were two contrasting scenarios. The first proposed that the Zemmur there were different styles of rock painting. The second stated that most of these styles dating back to prehistoric times. Both have been verified and have made arguments that demonstrate its veracity. The working thesis has been to photograph the paintings, digitalizarlas reproduced and studied. Specifically, the study has been describing, classifying them stylistically and datarlas. The classification has been carried out from a number of morphological and technical criteria. Subsequently, the images have been attributed to different styles, that had already been defined on the basis of criteria morfotécnicos from the observation of the whole picture. Its existence, and therefore the verification of the first scenario, it is clear from the presence of recurrences in morfotécnicas representations. Later these styles have been ordered so on the basis of the study of observable overlaps between them. Finally the sequence of five styles identified, oldest to the most recent, is as follows: Dancers, Modelados, Traceados, Dark Figures and Linear. Subsequently has tried dating each of these styles from the same representations, and that tests performed showed that it was not possible dating images with radiometric techniques due to the lack of organic matter in the remnants of paint. In any case, thanks to the performances of weapons, animals and writings have shown that most of them are prehistoric, as proposed in our second hypothesis. Finally, it has come to the conclusion that the style of Dancers data, a very rough, between 3800 and 3200 years before present, as indicated representations alabardas. The linear style, the most recent dating from between 2400 and 2000 years before present because Linear figures are accompanied by texts líbico-berberes but not representations of camels. The modeling styles, Traceado and Dark Figures are situated between the previous two. In addition to the findings, one of the most important results of this work has been conducting a corpus of prehistoric paintings of Zemmur which consists, as has been said, of thousands of images. Therefore this investigation, in addition to dealing on an unpublished material and high historical interest, which would be useful for managing all of this heritage.

Author: GARCIA RUBERT DAVID.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE GEOGRAFIA I HISTÒRIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE GEOGRAFIA I HISTÒRIA.

Author: MARTÍNEZ MOLINA KENNETH.
Year: 2004.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [More theses of this university] [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE LETRAS - UNIVERSIDAD ROVIRA I VIRGILI DE TARRAGONA.

Summary: The research reflects this dissertation is the functional analysis of three samples of stone objects of Pleitoceno Higher archaeological sites: one from the Middle Palaeolithic, Abric Romany (Capellades, Barcelona), one from the Upper Palaeolithic Initial Ãágizli (Hatay, Turkey ) and finally the Molí of Salt (Vimbodí, Tarragona) Upper Palaeolithic Final. With these samples intend to explain the functionality of the lithic production at the site of the Middle Palaeolithic Abric Romany and compare it with the functionality of objects stone of the two deposits of Upper Palaeolithic. The ultimate goal is to investigate the technology community in the Middle Palaeolithic and social structure that is related to it. The other two sites we use it as a comparative sample to see what technological and social changes occurred in the Upper Palaeolithic. With this comparison intend to participate in the debate on the change was gradual or disruptive, and if you could take shape between populations of hominids such as the Middle Palaeolithic Abric Romany. The present study is an investigation of social development d of the Pleistocene hominids Higher Traceology and used as a means of knowledge. The interpretation of the deformation for use in archaeological objects lets us know the action taken and the materials worked with stone objects. If we find a link between the use and form of edge or medium used recognize the existence of a functional standard, and depending on the degree of recurrence of this, we tend objects or specialized versatile. Moreover, the functional specialization of the tools we use as a criterion for interpreting technologically more developed societies with the greatest needs and materials. Thus, from the use of objects trying to assess the productive capacity of hunting groups and explain their socio-economic organization. Previously, and in order to achieve those objectives, we have developed a research methodology with the objective of proposing a model on the mechanisms that generate different strains for use we use to interpret the use of the objects. Our experimentation with reference models of structural geology, which raises in the training of polished by use involve both physical and chemical mechanisms of plastic deformation. As most outstanding results, the functional analysis of the samples indicated archaeological versatile functional patterns during the Middle Palaeolithic of Abric Romany, where the sharp edges of natural flakes and edged semiabruptos contour denticulation of the goals retocados user is the same stocks and work for the same subjects. However, in relative terms is somewhat functional duality, since the flakes are used primarily in shares of carnage while in the denticulate actions derespado of fresh skin are also important. By contrast, during the Upper Palaeolithic of Ãçagizli and Molí of Salt see a change with respect to functional marking Abric Romany. New patterns appear functional, that are more specialized and increases the intensity of work in productive development and social superior to that during the Middle Palaeolithic.

Author: LOZANO RUIZ MARINA.
Year: 2004.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [More theses of this university] [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE LETRAS - UNIVERSIDAD ROVIRA I VIRGILI DE TARRAGONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE LETRAS - UNIV. ROVIRA I VIRGILI DE TARRAGONA.

Summary: The teeth, along with their hands, the body part that interacts directly with the outside world. The simultaneous use of hands and teeth allow you to run a wide variety of tasks in which they are processed and modified large amount of materials. Since the earliest days of human evolution, the various species that have gone before us who have used their teeth to eat processed foods later. The front of the dental arch is very versatile, as it not only can be used for food preparation, but also to perform range of tasks extramasticatorias. The activities involving contact the anterior teeth with various types of materials produced signs and marks on the tooth surfaces. These changes will be more or less marked according to the intensity of these activities. At the site of the Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos) were found fossil remains of twenty-eight individuals belonging to the species Homo heidelbergensis, a antigà ¼ age of 400,000 years. These remnants, it has more than five hundred teeth 163 of whom are incisors and canines. An observation with the naked eye of these teeth shows the presence of some grooves willing obliquely on the surface vestibular. Some previous studies of small samples of these teeth attributed to the use of their training teeth earlier as a third hand. Specifically, individuals of SH could implement the technique known as stuff and cut. The present work has confirmed this etiology has been identified and the extent to which the entire sample is affected by this feature of wear. There has been analyzed and vestibular occlusal surfaces of the dentinción earlier and had established the presence of other types of wear characteristics indicative of a use extramasticatorio of teeth earlier. Similarly, we thought it would be interesting to compare data from fossil teeth with the two groups of modern humans with a subsistence similar to the SH hominids. The comparison populations have been selected from among aquelllos peoples today's hunter-gatherers who would record the use of dentition as a third hand. This has been the reason that led us to select Inuit and aboriginal Australians. The skulls of these people are housed in the collection Duckworth of Lverhulme Center for Human Evolutionary Studies (University of Cambridge, UK). Once obtained all the information relating to the features of wear and established the level of representation in each of the samples has been established the etiology of the same and have made inferences that explain and understand certain habits and not masticatorios of these hominids. In other words, the hominids of SH used their anterior teeth for two purposes: first, to process food and make them easier to swallow. On the other hand, used his teeth to hold earlier, stretch and manipulate materials such as skins, tendons and vegetable fibers with which perform various manufactures.

Author: Ornal Clemente Raquel.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA [More theses of this university] [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras.
Place of preparation: Fac. de Filosofía y Letras.

Summary: This research work, which has occupied my last four years, was forged as doing field work leading to my Master's thesis in anthropology at the University of Costa Rica. My initial interest was to learn about the processes of cultural revitalization taking place in the Indian territory of Quitirrisí. To learn about the background of the process culturally, socially, politically and economically involved in etnogénesis, we began to trace the history of the area. A story that was characterized by numerous gaps in information. In this way, it was like we set out to learn more about the societies that inhabited the shaft City Columbus-Tabarcia located in the West Central Valley of Costa Rica, in Pre-Columbian times and postcolombinos, desentrañando processes of cultural change and continuity that staged since a ecohistórica, and the rescue of the tangible and intangible heritage being threatened by the rapid advance urban experienced by the area. Our investigation was limited to 84 Km ² and due to their inability to cover the entire territory delimited, we decided to carry out prospecting with stratified - random sampling. However, in order to be assured of a representative sample of archaeological sites in the study area, we realized that the visits secondary played an important role as we move to sites known to the people and that were outside the systematic prospecting. The archaeological sites found (twenty-five in all) vary in size, timing and material found, which allowed us to have a wide range of data to draw interpretations about them and make inroads into a regional study that would accommodate the dialectical relations between groups human among themselves and each with the environment into which it was recorded over time. The research in the study area produce a first occupation of the territory from 300 a. C., although we can not exclude subsequent work can be found in evidence earlier. The first companies of which we are aware, farming communities are consolidated with a social organization tribal complex process. Its temporary location ranges from 300 a. C. - 300 d. C time called Phase Pavas. Towards the 300 d. C., mid-Phase Curridabat, the internal dynamics of populations lead to a greater need for enhanced crops, leading to a depletion of soils low depth found in the area north. In mid-Phase Curridabat (650 d. C) shows a significant change in the material culture: manufactured stone, ceramics, housing structures with basements circulars and staggered and greater diversity of shapes and decorative ceramics, as well as abandoning the rectangular tombs wells troncocónicos excavated. While these changes will be consolidated and materialized in phase Carthage (800-1560 AD), the residents of the area were losing shares equal to assign a person accompanied by their families, lined with symbolic authority and factual, organized and control of agricultural work, constructive, religious, economic and defense of a territory with a border cacicales porous. This dynamic social, political, economic and spiritual coated stability was truncated by the arrival of the Spaniards into the territory it occupies us around 1560. The Spaniards narrate the existence of these sites cacicazgo of Pacaca, ruled by Chief Coquiva. Reseñan that is independent and has great població 8 ny exte a5b nsión. The colonial history in this area would not begin until eight years later there has been the first contact between the two cultures. It was in 1569, when the people of Pacaca are entrusted to the Crown. While reductions located in Tabarcia until 1602, the year in which he moved to Ciudad Colon, Indians flee to the hills of nearby shelter where there was already settled in pre-Columbian era. The indigenous socio-political system was replaced by the institutions of the Cabildo, the Church and the figure of Corregidor. With the passage of years, these people continued contact with the settlers-conquerors - settlers were becoming more cultural elements of their ancestors. The process desindianización was progressive in the area of Ciudad Colon. By contrast, in the southern area of study this process was rough, because at the end of the s. Nineteenth a significant migration of settlers sits in the valleys of Tabarcia and Jaris. The voice of indigenous became increasingly tenuous, it became a quiet person, salaried poorly educated living in remote areas of non-indigenous people who were taking and continue to take decisions. The socio-economic circumstances are similar for all inhabitants of the study area, per the response to them has been different, being the basis for such difference substrate existing cultural substrate. Thus, non-indigenous communities have maintained a future similar to the rest of Costa Rican populations. The indigenous, based outside Indian territory, still adjusting to the new realities as can be, struggling to survive on a daily basis as their neighbors not indigenous. By contrast, in Quitirrisí, indigenous territory declared in 1976, its population engaged in a political battle, they decided to take the indigenous cultural identity as the main engine of their actions to face the new economic and social challenges.

Author: CARRERA RAMÍREZ FERNANDO.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: The fundamental objective of the work was to be introduced in delineating strategies for the knowledge and heritage made up of artistic expressions parietal preserved in the megalithic monuments of northwestern peninsular. The first task at hand was to work cataloging intensive, which has allowed certify the existence of painting parietal (and to a lesser extent engraved) in a large number of monuments in which its existence was unknown. This provision contains both proprietary components as strictly scientific, and comes to consolidate the idea that the parietal art is a part of all the megalithic phenomenon, present in all geographies and chronologies of the same. During the fieldwork has tried to improve the information that is needed of the various sites visited by expanding the variety of information contained in the catalog: administrative, geographical, archeological, etc.. It has also incorporated a heavy burden briefing on the state of conservation and the potential for disruption of the various elements that make up each megalithic monument. Finally, attempts have been made to improve the documentation of parietal art megalithic in Galicia, at least of those monuments worst known and / or recorded. With samples taken at the sites have been performed analysis and studies that have helped advance the understanding of the materials and techniques used in the implementation of megalithic parietal art. While painting and engraving techniques are associated in the parietal megalithic art, it has been determined that at least in the area noroccidental- there is a reasonable command of pictorial techniques, especially since the most recent deposits. With regard to the painting on an overall homogeneity in composition (pigments, revocos), the different technical solutions seem adaptations to the natural and geological conditions. Further studies have found that in most of the monuments and there is overlap in various artistic techniques, or at least several phases of the same technique. This fact has important implications chronological and cultural related to the long durability of the megalithic sites as places funeral rituals or assets. The overall direct organic pigments has allowed contrasting some of the assumptions made by the investigation. On the one hand, it has been contrasted long durability of some deposits. At the time, it has come to confirm the thesis that brought the first half of IV millennium as the time of peak architectures for large corridor in the northwest peninsula. Without renouncing the above, some dates are coming to support the hypothesis that suggest an earlier date (V millennium) for the emergence of the most monumental architecture. On another level of analysis, the detailed study of the artistic techniques of monuments and their environment has allowed the outline of the main factors affecting them alteration. These ideas, and especially the comments made on direct deposits visited have allowed a rough assessment of the conservation status of the megalithic monuments and expressions parietal conserved in them. That has helped to know that, at least for the north-west peninsular, the anthropic factors dominate the processes of deterioration of this heritage. As a result, have been able to establish the primary lines of a plan for the megalithic heritage conservation. This design should be applicable in other geographies, and other types of prehistoric artistic expression.

Author: YRAVEDRA SAINZ DE LOS TERREROS JOSE.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: This paper presents the zooarqueologia and tafonomía four Paleolithic sites on the Iberian Peninsula, which are the Cave Arnalda (Musteriense, Gravetian, Solutrense and Magdalenian), the Cave of Esquilleu (Musteriense), Cave Ambrose (Almeria) and Peña of Estebanvela (Magdalenian). Prior to the filing of these four sites, presents an extensive tour historiographic on zooarqueologia and tafonomía for culmínar showing the importance of this type of analíticas.dentro of prehistoric archaeological studies. After reflect this is the presentation of a chapter methodology that has no other purpose than to show the methodology used in analyzing each of the sites. Referred to each site, we will start by saying that in the case of the Cave of Arnalda (Zestoa Guipuzcoa) raises a review of the materials studied by Jesus Altuna, and has been seen as ftente their interpretations there is a natural biological input on sarrio done by felines class medial At mísmo time raises the existence of two types of strategies, diversified on deer, horses, cattle in large levels Musterienses and Gravetienses and other more specialized on deer from Solutrense. In the case of Esquiile (Castro Cillorigo, Cantabria) are analyzed 30 levels musterienses and taxonomically is that the taxon is the goat and appearing with deer, a large cattle, chamois and some carnivore. Tafonómicos The data show that the human being is primarily responsible for the accumulation of bone, with the exception of the levels ID-V, which respond more to a biological contribution, and also stress in the units and XXIII century, the main phenomenon documented is the existence of structures combustion associated with bone used as a material deonmustible assistant timber. The cave Ambrose (Velez Blanco, Almeria) has provided 3 levels solutrenses fertile arqueológicamente that are characterized by a predominance of lagomorphs show in the entire pool of fauna and goats, deer and horse among macromamíferos. Depending on the various data provided, all animals were introduced by human beings, except in the case of lagomorphs that were also introduced by carnivores and birds. At the same time, and when it comes to the exploitation of macromamíferos stresses exploitation seasonal performed each other depending on the time of year, so that the goat is used throughout the year, ftente to deer or horse they are alone in the summer or autumn. Finally Peña of Estebanvela (Estebanvela, Segovia) is a field with six levels magdalenienses that have provided some profiles taxonomic predominantly lagomorphs at some levels and other animals such as deer, horse, goat so in others. Based on data tafonómicos we have all the herbivores are provided by human beings, and even some carnivores such as the lynx as well. Only a few animals as lagomorphs in the units I and II. Respond to a palimsesto, and the third a unique contribution of carnivores. As all this to what we referred to in this thesis, we must stress the importance of the studies tafonómicos and seasonality in the interpretation of archaeological sites.

Author: RODRÍGUEZ MARCOS JOSÉ ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [More theses of this university] [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS - UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID.

Summary: This paper attempts to reconstruct the Bronze Age in a very specific area of the Plateau Castella: the stretch vallisoletano La Ribera del Duero. The result of a painstaking investigation, which have been the main sources, first developed in the intensive exploration sector and the other from the archaeological excavations, it has been claimed develop a vision quite complete, at the same time novel, the Bronze Age sector, paying particular attention to the following aspects: 1-To determine a stream culture (chronology, typology of the artifacts, structures habitat, etc.). phase of this cultural inscribiéndola within geographic center Plateau Peninsular and tracking their possible connections with other cultural areas during part of the millennia BC II I II) recognize the general characteristics of the occupation in this territory, besides trying in this way to La Ribera vallisoletana could serve as elements for contrastación future work in the Valle del Duero. 2, - Deepen the characters in the occupation of territory, his organization (distribution, hierarchy, and so on.), And evolution over time protohistórico said. Ultimately, the study of the lifestyles of these people and how they left their mark on the physical environment in question. To address the study previously, we proceeded to the subdivision of stage in a series of phases that, supposedly, which usually coincide with the shape the general sequence of the Bronze Age of the Northern Plateau, which is why we tried to adopt for each of these periods and more traditional denominations which tend to be of general application in the works that address the periodization of this stage in the area. Within this dynamic, in the study, roughly covers the period from the appearance of Campaniforme and the introduction of the first evidence similar to the so-called "horizon Soto de Medinilla. In terms of sequential analysis of the events to start in the early centuries of the II millennium BC, when, according to all the indexes began developing horizon companiforme subsection, whose most distinctive element consists of an active individual graves, weapons include clothing rich copper and gold ornaments. For this period, which ends approximately between the late eighteenth century and early XVII BC-dates these places readiocarbono settlement of El Pico de Castro de Quintanilla of Arriba-, has reserved the name of Calcolithic Final-Bronce Initial, to understand that this is a period when they are undergoing a process partner / cultural, undeniable scope, which marks the transition between cultures calcolíticas and that means booting the Bronze Age in the area. However, when materials horizon campaniforme the most significant of this phase will apply to the same, regardless, the name of Phase Campaniforme. Since 1700 BC, about starting a period comparable in terms of the chronological Bronze plenary peninsular other areas, which, in referring to periodizaciones Bronze Meseteño usually reserves called "Step Back in the Age Bronze. " In this period several times has been regarded as a true "dark era", a term which refers to the belief that it was a stage as defined in terms of its cultural data is concerned, and whose development was between two moments high personality: this is a Calcolithic flourishing in stages Precampaniforme and Campaniforme, and also flourishing Bronze Final custom in the region in the culture of Cogotas I. Although developed for the purpose archaeological research in the area that is being here today in full gestation, we believe to be in a condition to 8 s, graci 86e as especially data contributing recent work, can say that, after the extinction the Campaniforme (circumstance had to occur at a date not yet well determined), made its appearance in the Northern Highland-a new cultural complex in the Age of Bronce-, well-differentiated and truly original features, with two clear phases, an old and another full, each with individual, and that link with the culture of the Bronze Final. The first of these stages, which has come to call the Old Brass or Bronze House itself, presented as the most distinctive feature renunciation decoration and tableware cease step, since 1400, to a horizon -Bronce East - characterized mainly by the presence of elegant ceramics incised, which menudean carenados profiles, known as phase Protocogotas. As of 1200, finally and without interruption until 800, will emerge and development will take place on the controversial world of Cogotas I marked by the explosion of a baroque style ceramic decorations printed with complex, incised, excisas and Boquique (aka "point at bay"), which represents a Bronze Tardío-Bronce Final, which clearly indigenous roots-their link to the horizon Protocogotas, also called Cogeces is incuestionable- against old theories that claimed link with the phenomena of the continental mounds and Ballot boxes from the fields.

Author: LOPEZ MONTALVO Ma. ESTHER.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA.

Summary: One of the most significant features of Art Levantino is the repeated occupation of the coats outdoors as a place of representation. La multiplicación de fases o campañas decorativas, con modos distintos de abordar el diseño de las figuras, su distribución y ordenación en el espacio e, incluso, las propias temáticas que describen son, sin duda, exponente de una realidad cambiante que es preciso descifrar. To this end, part of the consideration of joint documented in the core artistic Valltorta-Gasulla (Castellón), as regards the analysis of the dynamics of construction of decorative fabric and the way in which artists designed as a shelter space graph. The mechanisms and guidelines compositivas defined in each phase, marked trends in the use of space and its own consideration of the support it, on the one hand, linear and continuous evolution that traditionally has been attributed to this artistic expression and, another, offered a more complex technical process that transcends the mere accumulation of space figures. This latter aspect confirms the existence of a prior appraisal of the space of representation is translated into at least three major variables: the attraction exerted important figures and old compositions, with a dual process of appropriation and integration into new compositions; consideration parietal of accidents in the design of figures, groups and the very thematic content of the scenes and, finally, the tendency to occupy spaces in central or early opening, as well as the selection of highlights for his position or topographic features that sometimes translated the implementation of complicated technical resources, such as the use of ladders or scaffolding. Similarly, the variation in the thematic content of the scenes in each of the phases with significant hatch, when advanced economic activities unpublished so far-offers a new reading of the panels levantinos reflecting deeper changes within the scope of social and economic groups authors. These changes must have a clear reflection in the archaeological record. The management of each phase artistic and archaeological correlation in the sequence of the area will enable us to move forward in the characterization of the dynamics of occupation kernel Valltorta-Gasulla.

Author: ROMERO RAMETA ALEJANDRO.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE [More theses of this university] [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Summary: Over the life of a sort, there is a gradual erosion of the enamel of their teeth. This loss is due to two causes: the interdental contact and the physical characteristics of the diet (abrasiveness). The enamel is an extremely tough and resilient, but not regenerates and only particles of similar or greater hardness are able to act on their loss. In geological scale of hardness of minerals, particles of silica or calcium oxalate (fitolitos) are considered tougher and resistant to the apatite crystal of enamel. These particles are formed on a large number of plants that dicotyledons and monocotyledons include different species of edible vegetables and cereals. Its consumption is the root cause of the loss of enamel, but not only because of abrasive particles similar physicochemical properties, they can join the food from the environment and during its preparation for consumption (grinding grain, cooking, accession sand , ash or dust, etc.) produce a similar phenomenon. The effect of these particles in the enamel responds to some improntas (grooves) in length, width and orientation variable that can be observed only at the level of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their study is known as analysis microdesgaste tooth. Since the occlusal surfaces of the teeth are subject to a continuous contact between the teeth superíores and lower, they can change the grooves that we observe. About the lateral surfaces or nooclusales (vestibular and tongue) on the contrary, this action does not take place, and stretch marks are directly related to the quantity and types of ecursos food submit abrasive particles. Quantification of these microscopic grooves in the enamel of teeth postcanina, has been serving since the mid-nineties models of adaptation and diet in different primate species no-humanos, hominid fossils and ancient human groups. The results on an increasing number of species, is presented as a way of fundamental analysis. So far, two outbreaks of care have been established in research on microdesgaste tooth: obtaining patterns microdesgaste on primates no-humanos present different species and ecological niche, with objetívode respond to the adaptacíón food forms of fossils of the Miocene Europe and Asia as of homininos of Plio-Pleistoceno and early Homo in Africa and secondly, obtaining patterns microdesgaste on human groups known hunter-gatherer diet, which serve as a model for the interpretation of the diet in species the hominids extinct during Pleistocenos middle and upper. The results show an efficient method of establishing a level interspecific variability that allows us to ultimately answer many questions about the adaptation food along Human Evolution. But these results microdesgaste so far achieved, tell us anything about the adaptation and diet Homo sp. Sapines during the Holocene. In the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, Archeology has unearthed important from the Neolithic sites with a multitude of 8 remnants 4e4 osteoarqueológicos allowing us to the application of this method of analysis. In this paper the method of analysis focused on obtaining models microdesgaste of stocks prehistoric and historic Valley Vinalopó (Alicante, Spain) and an in vivo experimental model of reference. Following the selection of material osteoarqueológico (Calcolitico, Bronze Age, the Islamic period and modern times) of different collections and museums in the province of Alicante bioantropológico proceeded to the examination of different human skeletal remains to determine the age.

Author: MAICAS RAMOS RUTH.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [More theses of this university] [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.
Place of preparation: FACULATAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA.

Summary: Through the documentation in the archives of the National Archaeological Museum and the archaeological materials held by the institution regarding the collection Siret, is the general state review of available information on the Neolithic and Calcolithic de la Cuenca de Vera, part of the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. This began by discussing the role played by both brothers Luis Enrique and Siret for the Flores family in the study of prehistory Recent area's proposal. After making a complete catalog of the sites reviewed by publicizing some who remained unpublished and revising others that were appreciated discrepancies with the information provided so far by the specific literature, the study focuses on the kit industry bone . Based on a typology used analytical analysis and metric traceológicos of the joint study, based primarily on the study of the active area of the piece instead of their morphology. The ultimate goal is to develop a typology where functional groups obtained representing categories of objects intended for uses similar. As a result using a new methodology based on a test functionality of the industry bone that is postulated to act as a protocol for the study of these materials. The general characteristics of the industry bone Basin Vera determine a defined set of metrics by an instrumental reduced, with a clear predominance of groups targeted and drilled. This study has been able to observe a partial alignment of objects produced media anatomical and taxonomic available, as well as the finding of different uses developed on the same bracket, as well as pieces performed on different carriers for the same use. It valued the relationship between the industry bone Basin Vera respect to the arc geocultural borders, as well as the Levantine area, considering the current Murcia as a bridge between the two. Within the territory of the Basin Vera, we believe the existence of two sub-areas defined by environmental aspects, both by cultural factors, among which the bone material plays an important role. The characteristics of the objects and their contexts studied onset give us an approximation of the social value that some pieces came to acquire. The industry bone increases progressively from the Neolithic to Calcolithic, with a likely decline during campaniforme. We believe that this change have a crucial role variations caused by the physical environment surrounding the bid. First, the wood being one of the main competitors of the bone area, the wooded retreat of the masses during the Calcolithic and especially of the three dominant taxa, which documented the acebuche, would require the use of other materials . Secondly, the increase that the herds experiencing over Calcolithic, allowing greater accessibility to the raw material derived. In addition to the quantitative differences observed in the distribution of the number of objects and materials for each specific period, can be seen also qualitative differences between the Neolithic and Calcolithic de la Cuenca de Vera. This will be seen during the closest, the emergence of new objects without previous constatable tradition. Also a noticeable increase in the complexity of developing objects. This complexity will increase its climax in oculados of Almizaraque. We believe that this increased technical expertise is a clear indication of the existence of specialized artisans.

Author: MADRID FERNÁNDEZ M. SOLEDAD.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE GEOGRAFÍA I HISTÓRIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE GEOGRAFIA I HISTÒRIA.

Summary: Proposal for a comprehensive model for the study of ceramic materials in an archaeological site. It incorporates two methodologies of work: archaeological and Archaeometric, each of which presents a methodology itself without any of them conditional on the other. The site from which develops the model is the Roman town of Baetulo (Badalona), located on the Catalan coast midway between the two most important cities dela Tarragona, emporiae and tarraco. The materials studied are different productions of terra sigillata that were marketed the baetulo since the beginning of the government of August until the second century. D. E. The merger and integration of results allows the identification delas different productions and an approach to his period of movement at the site: home, coexistence and disappearance of the same. The contrast with similar materials from emporiae and tarraco also allows for a broader view on the marketing of these products in the Catalan coast.