COMPUTER-ASSISTED DESIGN

Author: FRANQUESA NIUBO MARTA.
Year: 2003.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: UPC.
Place of preparation: LLENGUATGE I SISTEMES INFORMÁTICS.

Author: SÁNCHEZ SÁINZ HIGINIO.
Year: 2004.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.

Summary: The presence of non-shielded electric cables in the electrical and electronic systems is common and such elements can be source of the emission of electromagnetic disturbances radical cuado they circulate high-frequency electrical currents. These disturbances can act as electromagnetic interference (EMI) being able to violate the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the system or other systems located in the electromagnetic environment of the cables. This thesis proposes a new model called, PEEC-c, as an original adaptation of the method of equivalent circuit elements partial (PECA, exhibited for the first time by AE Ruehli in 1974) oriented determination of electromagnetic radiation by non-shielded electric cables in him frequency range set by the UNE between the 30 and 1000 MHz. The model determines the radiation into two parts: first determines the distribution of currents on the wires drivers, and secondly determines the radiation field at any point. The thesis proposes and develop the fundamentals físico-matemáticos model and its implementation process in a programming language. They also raliza in the thesis a validation of the results obtained, the distribution of flows of radiation obtained, as contrasted with a method is the method of moments.

Author: DOMENE GARCÍA JULIÁN.
Year: 2004.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: The whole basis on which rests the development and implementation of this original work for research, the study of more than sixty hydraulic flour mills exist in the counties of Baza and Huéscar, generally termed as high plains Baza (Grenada), constituting with a homogeneous characteristics worthy of being studied from a technological point. There is no work done on the water mills of the Altiplano Bastetano or type of historical or technological. After reviewing the state of the art, the difficulty in finding data on such mills, is obvious: underscores the total absence of data on them in numerous presentations held prior to editions of this document, the national meeting Molinología , or in multiple studies by the University of Granada in the area, always focused socially or historically but on other topics unrelated, nor in the work of some local authors, aimed generally at the history of the town. Nor in specialist magazines like Molinum published by the Association for the Preservation and Study of Mills (ACEM), we find references to the mills in this area. The first step is to find bibliographic data on hydraulic flour mills in the study area. Task distressing and disturbing, because as mentioned, is not written documentation on the subject throughout the county. The state of abandonment of the vast majority of them, which have lost inexorably to a greater or lesser extent, makes this especially interesting perform detailed study of what were existing typologies that were presented within the same county. There are some peculiarities in the water mills of the Altiplano, which might prove his study, the use of a bucket inside at some installations, or the differences between many of them, which we assume would be depending on the period of construction, indicating a continuous technological evolution in the design and construction of the same. The immediate result of this Ph.D. Thesis is the ability to dispose of an updated study of the solutions and benefits of these machines, which allows us to reach an approximation of the technology in rural areas in the far south-east of our region. Doctoral Thesis This is not a pilot, but histórico-tecnológica, so it is not part of prior assumptions, but will be later as a result of the conclusions to be drawn. The goals that are being sought are: * Survey and systematization of bibliographic information on existing water mills in general, particularizando in Spanish and Andalusian. * Completing the field work, as well as making the necessary data on the hydraulic Flour mill's Baíco in Baza. * Treatment of such information by computer graphics. * Making a photographic inventory of all mills found in the Altiplano, even if their condition is dilapidated and locating them through GPS. * Study technological Moulin Baíco. * With the data of the preceding paragraph, using the theory of Dimensional Analysis of Fluid Mechanics, construction of a mill scale, to check its operation and performance. * Considerations critical technological solutions provided by these mills within its in 8 around co 1723 etáneo, cultural and respect to other types existing in Spain. In the first chapter, entitled BACKGROUND, is a first introduction justification for the choice of subject matter covered by this Doctoral Thesis, in the study of technological industrial heritage under the discipline of Industrial Archeology. It also makes an approximation to the milling industry in general and the twin pillars representing: on the one hand an end or object, which is none other than the process of milling, and on the other hand the means employed to achieve it, are the mills in themselves. We present a general classification of them as the source of energy used, its evolution in different historical eras and within them. Finally, we consider the use of water in its various concepts, introducing a number of unique facilities on the subject, and the study of the use and control of water in the area of Baza. In the second chapter, LOS MOLINOS CLÁSICOS are analyzed along its history, water mills in terms of its origins and subsequent developments, from both historical and technological. So are addressed from the art and culture of the mills until the typology and technology in its own evolution. It ends with the study of the major elements of a mill and the classic novel mechanisms that make it possible, thanks to the advancement of expertise. The third chapter, entitled LOS MOLINOS HYDRAULIC IN SPAIN, is dedicated to collecting by all means possible, the various types of water mills that have been implemented at various times in the Autonomous Communities that make up our country and that the boom this technology took into agro-industrial development. Similarly, it takes a look at all the technological contributions of Spanish origin, through the study of patents for inventions registered and privileges. Here are undertakes fourth chapter devoted entirely to MOLINO OF BAÍCO, mill chosen for the development of work by multiple parameters, as the best state presented both the building and machinery, and good communication from the road Benamaurel, where there is a description of the building itself, with regard to their characteristics and distribution, introduciéndonos on work processes own milling and its implications, to finish with an analysis of the machinery of the mill since the introduction of grain in chute entrance to the estuary where the flour sacks filled, as the last operation of the process. The fifth chapter describes the process of making data and search for water mills in the Altiplano Bastetano, as well as testimony from millers in the area. Graduates FIELD OF WORK AND RECONSTRUCTION FIGURE, which relies mainly on making sketches and in the photo essay. They have also been used the latest satellite communication technologies, such as GPS, in order to obtain in this way a complete inventory of mills found, and that is presented as an annex to this Doctoral Thesis. El Molino's Baíco is the subject of a graphic reconstruction through modeling and animation later, based CAD software packages and image processing. All this, from sketches and photographs taken when working in the field. The sixth chapter, called STUDY TECHNOLOGICAL, rests on the outcome of the previous chapter. It conducted a series of technological considerations on the type of mill selected, in which the basis of some initial data, taken from the facility itself, as the velocity of water in the ditch, as well as discussions with the owner and former miller on flour production and making use of the laws and principles of Fluid Mechanics, considerations are made on the calculation of power and torque of the machinery, to finally meet the performance of the facility. It includes a chapter on the seventh DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS, from where using the theory models, we can see that the results obtained in the previous chapters are in line with their values. It addresses the problem through experimental trials with a small-scale model, manufactured a quarter-scale model (1:75) and in accordance with the five parameters that the fluid mechanics gives us, thus confirming the results mentioned. CONCLUSIONS In the eighth chapter, considerations are made criticisms of the solutions provided by the water mills within its cultural environment. Estableciéndose thus a set of conclusions as a result of development of the earlier chapters to stop commenting on possible future developments. Finally, it should be noted that included in this Doctoral Thesis as annexes, the inventory of water mills of the Altiplano Bastetano and technological contributions to the Spanish hydraulic milling industry, as well as publications to which has led the development of Thesis Doctoral.

Author: MARQUES CALVO J. JOAQUIN.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: ETSEIB PLANTA 6-42.
Place of preparation: ETSEIT, EDIFICI TR5 Campus TERRASSA.

Summary: This thesis is related to a research project on the building of the Roman Baths of Sant Boi de Llobregat, established on the basis of an MoU between the City Council of that town and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. The ruins of the building that has come to this day, make it difficult to understand how those spaces were and what they were used. The visit to the ruins, it seemed that real could be complemented with a virtual shooting in which they reconstruyesen and ambientasen with characters, showing visitors the process of bathing. The immediate purpose of this research was to provide the data that would allow virtually reconstruct the building and its use, which has been carried out by raising scenarios. This method, based on the use and comparison of materials, enriched the process of electing the hypothesis more consistent. From the first moment was split, the issue of recovery of the building, which refers to its use. Both aspects crystallized in two objectives: defining total building (architectural and constructive in nature), and their use (of history). Finally, the product became part of the investigation obtained with the first two goals, through ICT doing an animation of the building set with characters. ICT has been used not only as a mere tool of submission of the final product, but they have proved the key element of a multidisciplinary process that began in the work of archaeologists and historians and concluded with the staging of actors showing the use of the hot springs on the bottom of the virtual building. After a first chapter that includes a historical analysis of the actual intervention in the architectural heritage, provides a possible link between this and the virtual intervention (thanks to the advancement of techniques RSV), presenting it as a dialectical process and even complementary. The issue does not arise only because given its magnitude is outside the objectives of the thesis, the definition of architectural and historical building. It was in chapter 2Â eighth, and developed in chapters 3Âş and 4Â °. In chapter 3Âş approached the building, study around two main aspects: the realization of their architectural spaces on the one hand, and the decor and finishes (mainly paintings murarias interiors) on the other. To which part of the study of the plant, its metrology and proportions determine the regulatory route, finding the square and square twice as simple relationships that allow control over how comprehensive and detailed the building. This modulation applied to the assumptions of rebuilding the sections and elevations. Understanding the design as a whole, modulation extends to the proposal of the paintings, these modules also appearing in controlling the shape of the remains of the mosaics that have come to this day. Chapter 4Â fourth analyzes the elements that allowed ambientar architecture, namely with respect to the use of the building, manifested in the process of bathing. The manner in which crystallizes this investigation, shown in the chapter 5Â sixth, which reflects the experience of carrying out the animation characters, remitiéndonos finally to the analysis raised in the 1Â seventh through the âintervención virtual', thanks to this blurring of boundaries between the real and the virtual technological advances slowly eg 8 rmitiend 311 o. The findings were presented at the end of each chapter, but it has been seen fit to make a single mention in chapter 6Â °.

Author: CHAUR BERNAL JAIRO.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: AULA 28.8 (ETSEIB).
Place of preparation: ETSEIB, EDIFICI H PLANTA 10 Campus SUD.

Summary: The subject of the investigation is  'creativity in the conceptual stage of design productos "and is geared towards the implementation of the computer as a tool to aid design engineer. Of the three stages of product design (definition of the problem, generation of ideas and development of the best alternative) is in the second, known as  "síntesis 'or divergent stage, which gives the fullest expression of creativity. Allegedly, as hypotheses to the possibility of attending the design engineer at that stage, using  "software creativoÂ" (which implements techniques, methodologies and tools for creativity). Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to get the structure of this type of software, based on the identification of appropriate characteristics, through a detailed pilot study, after defining a target valuation model. We reviewed four different themes: engineering design, technical creativity, computing and creativity in design, and models to represent and assess these two processes. Here, design is understood as the set of activities that lead to the development of an idea of product, rather than the partial definition, which limits the meaning formal or adjetivado product. While the technical creativity is one that produces two complementary results: novelty and usefulness. A review of trends in the software producers CAD / CAM / CAE, finding that the phase of analysis that characterizes the design of detail remains inside with respect to the conceptual design phase. The creative generic software currently offered, it becomes a choice of four representative programs that develop methodologies such as brainstorming, sinéctica, mental maps and TRIZ. The models for measuring creativity is classified into three dimensions: individual, process and product. For the first test was selected CREA. For the other two, we performed an adaptation of the proposals Redelinghuys (1997) and Shah (2003), which, together with contributions themselves, led to the definition of a model for assessing the creativity of the ideas generated during the process design with four indexes: flexibility, fluidity, design and originality. This model provided a comparison chart, and quantitative variables: time by activity and by software module, the total number of ideas, flow of ideas, the source of ideas and creativity indices creative path. The experimental design factor was the type of software, with five levels: four programs and a witness. Four replicates were performed and the method used was the study protocol changed to get the information from four sources: video, pictures, file generated in the software and its use in sequence followed by capturing screens. The results and their analysis helped identify the relevant characteristics of each program, its most effective tools and configurations accepted by the designers. Overall, we can say that it fosters creative software generating ideas through partnerships, or transformations explorations. With the identification of these features, developed the proposed structure of a new software, in the form of model. It rests in the model FBS (Function-Behaviour-Structure) to build the evolutionary process of design, focusing on the  "funciónÂ" with his three roles: modeling, 8 reque 303 rimientos customer requirements and the relationship between the object , and an instrument for evaluating the value of the object.

Author: VIDAL SEGUI YOLANDA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: SALA D'ACTES FME.
Place of preparation: U FACULTAT DE MATEMATIQUES I ESTADISTICA SUD.

Summary: This thesis makes two noteworthy contributions in the are of mesh-free methods: a Pseudo-Divergence-Free (PDF) Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method which alleviates the volumetric locking and a Stabilized Updated Lagrangian formulation which allows to solve fast-transient dynamic problems involving large distortions. The thesis is organized in the following way. First of all, this thesis dedicates one chapter to the state of the art of mesh-free methods. The main reason is because there are many mesh-free methods that can be found in the literature which can be based on different ideas and with different properties. There is a real need of classifying, ordering and comparing these methods: in fact, the same or almost the same method can be found with different names in the literature. Secondly, a novel improved formulation of the (EFG) method is proposed in order to alleviate volumetric locking. It is based on a pseudo-divergence-free interpolation. Using the concept of diffuse derivatives an a convergence theorem of these derivatives to the ones of the exact solution, the new approximation proposed is obtained imposing a zero diffuse divergence. In this way is guaranteed that the method verifies asymptotically the incompressibility condition and in addition the imposition can be done a priori. This means that the main difference between standard EFG and the improved method is how is chosen the interpolation basis. Modal analysis and numerical results for two classical benchmark tests in solids corroborate that, as expected, diffuse derivatives converge to the derivatives of the exact solution when the discretization is refined (for a fixed dilation parameter) and, of course, that diffuse divergence converges to the exact divergence with the expected theoretical rate. For standard EFG the typical convergence rate is degrade as the incompressible limit is approached but with the improved method good results are obtained even for a nearly incompressible case and a moderately fine discretization. The improved method has also been used to solve the Stokes equations. In this case the LBB condition is not explicitly satisfied because the pseudo-divergence-free approximation is employed. Reasonable results are obtained in spite of the equal order interpolation for velocity and pressure. Finally, several techniques have been developed in the past to solve the well known tensile instability in the SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) mesh-free method. It has been proved that a Lagrangian formulation removes completely the instability (but zero energy modes exist). In fact, Lagrangian SPH works even better than the Finite Element Method in problems involving distortions. Nevertheless, in problems with very large distortions a Lagrangian formulation will need of frequent updates of the reference configuration. When such updates are incorporated then zero energy modes are more likely to be activated. When few updates are carried out the error is small but when updates are performed frequently the solution is completely spoilt because of the zero energy modes. In this thesis an updated Lagrangian formulation is developed. It allows to carry out updates of the reference configuration without suffering the appearance of spurious modes. To update the Lagrangian formulation an incremental approach is used: an intermediate configuration will be the new reference configuration for the next time steps. It has been observed that this updated formulation suffers from similar numerical fracture to the Eulerian case. A modal analysis has proven that there exist zero energy modes. In the paper the updated Lagrangian method is exposed in detail, a stability analysis is performed and finally a stabilization technique is incorporated to 8 preclud 299 e spurious modes.

Author: PARES MARINE NURIA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: Sala Conferencies, Edifici C2, Campus Nord.
Place of preparation: U FACULTAT DE MATEMATIQUES I ESTADISTICA SUD.

Summary: Engineering applications typically consist in studying a physical phenomena in order to predict certain quantities relevant to the analysis or decision-making process such as averages of the solution, flow rates, velocities or shear stress at a given critical point in the domain and heat transfer. It is frequent to study if a design meets the security requirements or to study how to modify a design in order to improve its performance requirements, which are the quantities of analysis. To approximate this quantities numerical approximations of the physical phenomena are used. Therefore, the accuracy of the numerical results is given by its capacity to provide reliable quantitative information about the quantities of interest also called outputs. The obtention of an approximated solution with a global prescribed accuracy is not the main goal but rather the control of the error in the output, which represents the relevant engineering quantity. This thesis is focused in the verification of numerical results, that is, in the evaluation of the errors introduced in the discretization process of transforming the mathematical model problem into a numerical problem. The goal is to control and assess the discretization error. In particular, special interest is paid in the assessment of the discretization error not only in a global norm but in a particular quantity of interest. First of all a general framework to obtain bounds for outputs of interest is presented relating the obtention of bounds for outputs of interest with the obtention of upper and lower bounds for the energy norm both for symmetric an non-symmetric coercive model problems. Bounds for the output may be computed from upper bounds for the energy norm and the obtained bounds may be enhanced if also lower bounds for the error are available. This motivates the first contribution of the thesis, the obtention of lower bounds of the energy norm by post-processing implicit residual a posteriori error estimates. The obtention of the lower bounds for the energy norm with a simple and cheap strategy allows to enhance the bounds for the output without little additional cost. However, in order to find bounds for the output also upper bounds for the energy norm are necessary. The existing techniques rely on equilibrating techniques with are of difficult implementation specially in 3D applications. A new subdomain-based flux-free a posteriori error estimator is presented allowing to obtain sharp upper bounds for the energy norm without requiring flux-equilibrating techniques. It improves the effectivities of similar existing methods (improve the quality) and reduces the implementation cost with respect to the hybrid flux techniques. Finally, the research has been centered in the obtention of strict bounds for linear-functional outputs of weak solutions to the two-dimensional elasticity equations. A distinctive feature of this method is that the computed bounds are strict with respect to the output of the exact solution and not with respect to an approximation of the solution in a fine mesh (reference solution). To our knowledge, this is the only published approach that can certify the certainty of the computed bounds. This methodology has been applied to the obtention of bounds in elasticity and also to obtain bounds for the J-integral which is one of the most important outputs in linear fracture mechanics.

Author: GÓMEZ BENITO Ma. JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO POLITÉCNICO SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: CENTRO POLITÉCNICO SUPERIOR.

Summary: The fundamental objective of this thesis is to study and development of mathematical models that allow characterize the behavior of the bone tissue during the breakup process and the consolidation of the same. These models are verified with experimental results, with the goal of predicting both processes. In the section of bone fracture establishing a set of assumptions that allow implementation from a macroscopic approach fracture anisótropo of bone tissue. This approach is applied to simulate the fracture of the proximal femur end results are compared with other fracture criteria previously used in the simulation of fracture of bone tissue. In point of fracture healing proposes a general model for growth, differentiation, tissue remodeling and damage to be particularized to the process of fracture healing. Thanks to this model has been simulated in two and three dimensions experiments literature, reproducing effects observed in these experiments.

Author: RUBIO ROJAS MONICA.
Year: 2005.
University: JAUME I DE CASTELLON [www.uji.es].
Place of defense: E.S. TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: E.S. TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: The exploration interactive virtual environments, or environments through increased real virtual information is a problem that is of great interest in a large number of applications, which include the monitoring of industrial processes. This research work is part of a larger project that seeks to respond to the problem of viewing and interacting with large volumes of data that have a specific organization, such as apilamientos container terminal at sea. Among the milestones achieved in the project highlights the design and implementation of a prototype augmented reality system that allows remote access to information stored alphanumeric for containers. This is used as the basis for interaction geometrical information concerning the position and distribution of containers at the terminal. This dissertation is part of the research conducted within the project to achieve this second milestone. The thesis designs and implements a system of Augmented Reality to work outdoors, allowing a user in the container yard to access the information available to any container or specifically targeted selected by him. Associated information is in a remote database accessible and it is supposed that is constantly updated.

Author: PATOW GUSTAVO ARIEL.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: Facultat d'Informàtica de Barcelona, Campus Nord.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI C6 Campus NORD.

Summary: This thesis presents techniques for the design of reflector shapes from prescribed optical properties (far-field radiance distribution), geometrical constraints and, if available, a user-given initial guess. The reflector shape to be found is just a part of a set of pieces of what is known in lighting engineering as an optical set, and is composed of a lamp (light source), a reflector, a holding case and a glass that protects the system from dust and other environmental phenomena. Thus, we aim at the design and development of a system capable of generating a reflector shape in a way such that the optical set emits a given, user-defined, far-field radiance distribution. This problem can be put in the mathematical context of inverse problems, which refer to all the problems where, contrary to what happens with traditional direct problems, several aspects of the scene are unknown. Then, the algorithm is allowed to work backwards to establish the missing parameters. Inverse rendering problems usually represent extremely complex and costly processes, but their importance in many research areas is well known. In particular, they are of extreme importance in lighting engineering, where potentially costly mistakes usually make it unfeasible to test design decisions on a model. In this thesis we present the main ideas behind these kinds of problems, characterize them, and summarize work developed in the area, revealing problems that remain unsolved and possible areas of further research. We make a special emphasis on surface design problems like the reflector design problem we are focusing in this thesis. In order to compute a reflector shape from a prescribed set of optical properties and geometrical constraints, light propagation inside and outside the optical set must be computed and the resulting radiance distribution compared to the desired one. Finally, constraints on the shape imposed by industry needs must be taken into account, bounding the set of possible shape definitions. The general approach taken is based on a minimization procedure on the space of possible reflector shapes. The algorithm moves towards minimizing the distance, in the l2 metric, between the resulting illumination far from the reflector and a prescribed, ideal optical radiance distribution specified at the far field by the user. In the case we can take advantage of userâs knowledge, the initial shape and a provided confidence value are provided and used during the whole process as a bound for the space of spanned reflectors evaluated during the simulation.

Author: PANDO CERRA PABLO.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: D. DE CONSTRUCCION E ING.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CONSTRUCCION E INGENIERIA DE FABRICACION.

Summary: This Doctoral Thesis addresses both the design and development of an application modular CAD-3D oriented self, as its statistical validation. This allows us to explore the possibilities of their use in improving the quality of teaching. Its main features: modular, simple, intuitive and self-oriented, this application makes a herramiento very useful for teaching CAD-3D in technical schools. This application which we called Glcad-3D. It has been integrated into a multimedia environment, the development of which is also part of this work CAD-3D university-level teaching and facilitates the means necessary to create ajercicios then presented to the students for their realization. It also provides tools for managing information, both students, as the exercises posed, as well as the ability to treat all such information obtained through statistical analysis, and printing data exercises and students with the results obtained by them. One of the most important aspects to be highlighted in this environment is that performs automatic correction of the exercises posed and evaluated, thus freeing the teacher of the laborious and repetitive task of correcting them. The tests conducted with more than 200 students who have used Engineering Senior these applications, covering many aspects of the structure and appearance of interface, difficult and time spent on conducting the exercises, methods enseñanda used, the process continued during practices, and so on.

Author: Ogáyar Anguita Carlos Javier.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. de Ingeniería Informática.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática.

Summary: The solid modeling is the set of tools and techniques for the representation and manipulation of virtual objects. It is a basic tool in the design and computer-aided manufacturing, as well as being very helpful in creating virtual objects for simulation, virtual reality, video games, etc.. All objects that are defined in these fields are based on modeling efforts, whether manual or procedural. Within the solid modeling there is a lot of methods of representing objects and algorithms for processing. The conversion between schemes representation of objects is one of the basic problems, as well as adjusting the algorithms that are applied on them. This set of tools, geometric algorithms are important because they serve as a basis for more complex and higher level. The algorithms used in geometric solid modeling, covering a broad spectrum of application. Among the most basic methods including stress and intersection of geometric entities, delineation of curves, surface sampling, etc.. There are other more complex problems whose resolution involves the use of the basic techniques. One of these problems is the evaluation of Boolean operations between solids, which are a basic tool in the construction of objects. This paper presents various algorithms based on the theory of coatings simpliciales, which allows represent graphical objects based on the decomposition of the same in símplices. This form of representation provides a new approach for solving many problems. Although previous work had been presented solutions to these problems, I really had not been developed nor efficient implementations optimized versions. This thesis proposes advanced solutions and implementations optimized to achieve good performance. In addition, thanks to the current boom of programmable graphics hardware can implement the proposed methods using the potential of the GPU, as these algorithms are well suited to vector processing. It presents a number of solutions to problems such as the inclusion of items in solid, voxelización solids and evaluation of Boolean operations mesh of triangles. All these solutions are based on the theory of coatings simpliciales, as well as the use of graphics hardware. For all algorithms proposed comparative studies have been carried out detailed solutions that include highly referenced in the literature of Computer Graphics, in order to highlight the benefits of new proposals in terms of performance and robustness.

Author: PRÁDANOS DEL PICO ALBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUDACIÓN A DISTANCIA.

Summary: The main objective of this work is to establish how and when it is the use of color in the technical drawings and use roads and standardization of adding color aided design systems. This is discussed in Chapter 1 the state of the art in the use of color in general. In 2Â fifth chapter is a survey of professionals where it appears that a vast majority of them are using color in the technical drawings when they are on the screens of computer, but it is less commonly used when printing on paper. In chapter 3Âş examines the current regulatory model: it is a model in black and white. In Chapter 4 is devoted to how the programes of the color-aided design deal: there is great overlap in the methods used. In Chapter 5 provides a model of color to the addition of color to the drawings technical definition (finished product) of objects through projection, a model which applies to the lines as a function of mayar or less contrast 6 basic colors and the relative importance of the line to which it applies, also respecting the present method of thicknesses and types of lines. It also provides a model similar to the drawings of principle and other schemes including drawings overall (mounts) by applying padding on surfaces of different colors in different parts to ensure that their distinction is easy. In chapter 6 tests with results compared with drawings in black and white versus color models proposed, with obvious advantages of time or amount of work in favor of models of color. In Chapter 7 becomes an economic study of the increase in cost that may involve the incorporation of color to the drawings printed on paper, and concludes in chapter 8 the results, as well as future developments that may result.

Author: LÓPEZ GARCÍA RAFAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE JAÉN.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE JAÉN.

Summary: For the name of water mills flour, it can be to show the great importance that have taken over their history these mills, until they are replaced by other techniques more modern and productive. Mills met the major industrial techniques of historical moment in which they played live, from simple mortars until modern roller. Take hydropower for movement of surface water flows, assumed control major issue if we take into account that since the beginning of time, the water was considered crucial and basic element representing all liquid substances. The flour was, and can still say that, based on Food and therefore, their livelihood and development. It is for these reasons, so the water mills flour, accounted unimportante core of economy, industrial and social development of the societies in which they could establish themselves by their characteristics, which makes important study and recuperaicón, particularly in the industrial history. The southwest slope of the Sierra Sur of Jaen, which is the area investigaicón this trabjao, has a mountainous terrain that led to the installation of more than thirty hydraulic flour mills with a particular characteristics and those who, after reviewing the state of the art , we could not find any work on them, which is analyzed from a technical point of view its type, operating parameters, nor held in editions of the national meeting Molinología or in the magazine Molium of Asocaición for Study and Conservation of Mills (ACEM). It includes, at the end of this Doctoral Thesis, a series of annexes consequences of the development of the chapters that comprise it, as are the publications that have resulted from the development of this Doctoral Thesis, the Spanish technological contributions to the milling industry hydraulic, transcript of the most relevant historical documentation consulted, the transcript of the Ordinances Water Mills and the county, catálogo-inventario of water mills in the region, reprotaje photographic made in the mill "Tahona" and finally levels acotadosde set and cutting generated.

Author: PULIDO TRULLEN JUAN IGNACIO.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO POLITECNICO SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: This work is part of the segmentation of medical imaging and modeling, using deformable models. The main contributors were obtained in the improvement of existing models deformable to give them the ability to recognize, difficult images where two very close objects are combined, the object of interest. The model is presented to solve the "Smart Snakes." These have been tested as a robust technique for segmenting contours difficult differentiation. Such contours assets are the result of various improvements and solutions implemented to resolve known problems in their area. Various tests have been conducted in which includes a number of inputs of a general nature in the field of active contours, and the choice of values for various parameters depending on different factors. In addition, it has conducted a validation of the Smart Snakes which would have subjected them to the resolution of several problematic cases where classical deformable models fail. Finally, a discussion arose in the light of the results obtained. It also presented three applications from research projects, which have tested the "smart snakes": o Recognition and modeling knee and fémur-cadera from CT images (CONSID P-79/96) . Or Recognition and modeling of the temporomandibular joint images from MRI (CYCIT DPI2000-1269-C02-01). It also addresses the issue of the automatic generation or semiatutomética loop during the process of recognition of bodies with the aim of being able to do mechanical simulations of these organs and analyze their behavior. This chapter describes the work done for use in simulation, specifically for use in the finite element method. It has been completely developed a software tool called SERVET (Fast segmentation and visualization of Therapeutic Elements), which have implemented all submissions commented, as well as other utilities used as a testing ground and as a working tool in a number of research projects on medical image . Finally there have been several experiments in capes generation prototype machines from medical image, specifically to obtain two models of a real jaw and the skull of a patient from CT images. (CYCIT DPI2000-1269-C02-01).

Author: ALBERT GIL FRANCISCO EUGENIO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ingeniería Gráfica.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The objective of this thesis is contributing to the creation and implementation tools, a methodology for analyzing and editing images from the field of ceramics and textile designs, and by extension, all those images that follow a repeating pattern and, therefore, are consistent with the Theory Group Symmetry. This has been defined a methodology for analyzing divided into stages, which is gradually increasing the level of information handled, since the pixels of the original image, passing objects (shapes or basic units perceptúales) and the reasons (groupings of objects made with criteria perceptúales) until reaching the structure of the pattern, that is, different geometric transformations that relate the elements (objects and motifs) that form. The structural information obtained is used for various purposes: to classify the images according to the Focus Group Symmetry pattern, reconstruction of the images by taking advantage of the knowledge of what parts are related to the structure, and finally, editing patterns both forms and motifs like structure, allowing structural changes with ease, thereby generating patterns of families from one analyzed. The tools developed have been tested with a wide range of images of patterns very diverse backgrounds, emphasizing the study of tiled of the Alhambra in Granada and the Alcazar in Seville, as well as textiles, and expand the initial objectives, various elements the urban environment.

Author: ARNAL PONS ANA MARIA.
Year: 2006.
University: JAUME I DE CASTELLON [www.uji.es].
Place of defense: E.S.DE TECNO. Y CIENCIAS EXPERI..
Place of preparation: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.