EDUCATIONAL THEORY AND METHODS (2)

Author: LEÓN SOLIS LORENA.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: AULA DE GRADOS - UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA.

Summary: This Doctoral thesis analyzes the values of young people from their own point of view. Unlike most of the allegations leveled on youth from the adult world, this study interrogates the young people themselves about the motivations that guide their behavior. Our attachment to the field of social education has led us to try to understand what perception of young people about the democratic political system and how to take and live the values characteristic of the same: tolerance, solidarity, justice, peace, social participation, dialogue and respect for the environment. After diagnosing the state of affairs, landed again in the field of education to make a proposal for democratic education aimed mainly at young people. It approached the meaning they have acquired the securities mentioned in the current social, political and economic development on a global scale. Furthermore, we identified the three core values education, family, school and community, and how they can optimize their resources and functions to facilitate the development of democratic values of the young.

Author: GÓMEZ ARCOS JOSÉ RICARDO.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BELLAS ARTES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.

Summary: This research aims to discover the educational opportunities that may involve the Art of action, trying to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating them into the curriculum of lessons averages. To do so, takes place primarily provide comprehensive documentation, in order to frame the research in context: defines the most important terms involved, and is a historical overview from the background to the present day of the performance. In addition, outlines the relationship of the topic with the educational curriculum. To prove our hypothesis, is a field work in an institute of Secondary Education: teaching units were developed some original performance, which will be implemented with several groups of class for two consecutive courses. The results of the observation of that action didactic and the conclusions drawn from his analysis, constitute the bulk of our thesis.

Author: BORRAS ROTGER PERE ANTONI.
Year: 2004.
University: ISLAS BALEARES [www.uib.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSITAT DE LES ILLES BALEARS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS ISLAS BALEARES.

Summary: This research describes the process of developing a protocol for intervention for the promotion of sportsmanship and fair play in football in class cadet in Mallorca, and its subsequent verification of the effectiveness of this intervention to analyze the effect on this behavior, the attitudes and values of young athletes. Major studies on the development of intervention for sportsmanship tell us that there are three views on the meaning of sport in education of school age, the first vision is that understands that the sport itself is generating positive social values and the way character of the people who practiced, the second vision is understood that participation in competitive activities join participants in a negative influence on the victory at all costs and the loss of positive social values, finally understands the vision sport school age as a neutral depends on the intent of the action. The intervention designed in this thesis is based on three key aspects, performance on the coaches, players and action on the action on the parents of the players, based on a design of guidance materials and some practice sessions. The instruments used in this thesis are the SVQ (Lee 1996) for measuring values, the EAF (Boixadós 1996) to measure attitudes, and IOFF (Red 1996) to measure behavior. The main results show us that the intervention has been widely successful in reference to the conduct, not in attitudes and values that has succeeded regarded as positive puntúen highest and the lowest negatives. The main conclusions are that the context of sport in school age is indeed a neutral, and that depends on the intent of the action, is effective intervention designed to improve the sportsmanship and without specific actions for the moral development of athletes, this if there is only by the echo of participating in sports activities.

Author: LORENZO PADRON JUAN JOSE.
Year: 2004.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BELLAS ARTES.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE BELLAS ARTES.

Summary: Done analysis of the status of research in this field, and after studying in depth the conditions and characteristics of the education of the blind in elementary education in the area of the Canary Islands, there exists a set of proposals for adapting the curriculum for the blind referring to the official programs MEC. It also conducts extensive field work, which includes information on conditions for the development of teaching and testing manager with blind subjects enrolled in each of the three primary cycles, which allows show that the total curricular adaptation for the blind is feasible, being possible, therefore, through the taco, smell, etc.., shaping images so far had found only through visual perception.

Author: PEREIRA RESENDE JOSÉ HENRIQUE.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: CENTRO DE POSGRAO, TERCEIRO CICLO E FORMACIÓN CONTINUA (CPTF).
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE POSGRAO, TERCEIRO CICLO E FORMACIÓN CONTINUA.

Summary: The educational intervention in the field of skills and social skills (DCS) appears to be a useful strategy for the transmission of attitudes and values that are growing in teenage students, belonging to the age group problematic and requires the presence of certitudes in decision making. In fact, based on the principle that the training of DCS may increase the intensity of social interaction and emotional attachment, while the practical effects acquired through the training were affecting the decrease in the frequency and intensity of interpersonal conflicts , we conducted this research, which addresses the educational, recording a study that, somehow, he proposed the determination of "social skills" and analysis of an educational program aimed at developing and promoting new behaviors in students 16 to 16 years who frequent the last two years of compulsory schooling in Portugal. Through the development and practical application of a specific program that we have developed, the Program of Activities Training and Social Skills (PAEDS), we intend to equip students who participate in a portfolio of skills that empowered them in a competent social performance different contexts. What they provide a more positive social integration in relation to the problems in their daily experiences, in the sense of building apprenticeships in the field of personal skills of self-knowledge, relationships with adults and conflict resolution interpersonal. KEYWORDS social skills, social competence, educational, training and social skills, role model, transfer of feelings and emotions.

Author: BATALLA FLORES ALBERT.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PEDAGOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PEDAGOGÍA - INEFC BARCELONA.

Summary: The study Knowledge of Results (CR) has a long tradition in research related Learning Engine. While initially it was thought that a HR frequently needed in the immediate implementation would have a positive impact on learning motor skills, inclusion in the experimental designs of withholding evidence and / or transfer showed that one could speak of a "double effect" of high frequencies of CR on learning motor positive during the acquisition but negative for the retention / transfer. This fact led to the emergence and development of various lines of inquiry focused on the effects of different programs providing RC on learning motor skills. One of these lines is to be fixed at the influence of the duration and the activity carried out during the interval pre-CR on the acquisition and retention of skills. In this thesis aims to analyze the influence of the frequency of cross-RC with the completion of two tasks interpolated in the range above (the estimation error (SE) or the execution of a task alternative (IT) whose role is alleged to attract the attention of the subjects hamper, thus carrying out the EE on learning and retention Putt Golf. Para ello se han creado 4 experimental groups: 100% CR + EE, 100% CR + IT; 40% CR + EE, 40% CR + IT. All groups have followed a phase of acquisition (80 attempts according to the program in each group), a retention immediate (5 'after the acquisition phase, 20 attempts without CR , EE or IT) and a retention delayed (24 h after the acquisition phase, 20 attempts without RC, or EE IT). The results may indicate: A-Not detects a clear influence of the RC program continued on the acquisition / retention ability. Despite this fact, if analyzed the total rate of learning can be seen from the group 100EE not suffer significant changes in their performance (accuracy of the response) while the group 40TI makes in the majority of cases. These results appear to support the hypothesis of Cognitive Effort as a factor explaining the motor learning, while not supporting the traditional perspective on the influence of the activities interpolated in the interval pre-CR. B - We detected significant differences between the performance of male and female participants. This fact should be taken into account in the experimental designs used in the field of motor learning.

Author: LOBO DE MELO ÁNGELO JESÚS.
Year: 2004.
University: HUELVA [www.uhu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: The thesis deals with a critical review on the different components and levels of the Portuguese administration, identifying some of its problems "PASSWORD" and providing solutions. The research methodology used different techniques: interviews, observations, field notes, and so on. The documentation is very rich used in official documents, political declarations and conceptual elements on educational organizations. Especially suggestive are the proposals concerning the leadership roles of schools and the delimitation of powers training of the different actors.

Author: ESPINILLA HERRARTE MARÍA LOURDES.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE EDUCACIÓN DE PALENCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID.

Summary: This thesis examines the historical evolution of the Primary Palencia, capital and province, in the public and private aspects, between the years 1900 and 1931. Following consideration of the demographic and socio-economic zone covering, discusses the school, students, teachers, the organizational and methodological aspects, as well as economic, education infrastructure, institutions circumenscolares and other activities that complement the action cultural and educational performed in the classroom.

Author: Canals Cabau Roser.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación.
Place of preparation: Facultat de Ciencias de la Educación.

Summary: This investigation seeks to ascertain whether through the practice of argumentation in learning the social sciences, high school students develop a qualitative thought: rational, structured and socially committed. The objectives of this research are basically two. First is to train people critical, creative and able to dialogue through the development of certain cognitive skills and lingüsticas (describe, explain, interpret, justify and argue). Through these skills high school students learn to give a particular meaning to the knowledge they rebuild and to make their own views on social issues argued in the world today. Secondly is to design instructional materials and methodological strategies that build in the classroom such proposals in order to evaluate the results and pose alternatives for further progress in this line. Se trata, pues, de una investigación orientada a la acción a partir de una perspectiva interpretativa y crítica que busca transformar las prácticas educativas mediante la argumentación para construir conocimento más complejo, un discurso mejor construido y la participación activa del alumnado en la mejora de la society.

Author: TROVAMALA LANDA RAFAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIN.

Summary: Interdisciplinary approach to training of engineers in mechatronics: strategies for development in the UPIITA The main purpose of this thesis is the design and implementation of learning strategies for the training of engineers in mechatronics from an interdisciplinary approach. The motivation to perform and carry out the investigation stems from the need to transform our nation and the problematic situation that represents a piecemeal approach traditional, rigid academic structures, and patterns focusing on education, which did not meet the new demands our individual and social time, or the interdisciplinary nature of mechatronics. The methodological structure of the proposal is built from the use of different techniques for qualitative research. The theoretical framework begins with a thorough analysis of official texts, based on the methodology offered by the grounded theory research as a strategy used to discover an educational reality emerging continuing with a separate analysis of the history and development of the disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to conclude with an exercise interdisciplinary field. The investigation is clearly identified as our training from the traditional model has been repetitive practices that today constitute a major barrier that prevents the shift towards new paradigms and adopt a model of transformational learning. The proposal considers a new vision of education that leaves the mechanistic model and proposes a vision of the curriculum and school organization more similar to that of living organisms, integration of the disciplines to the complex reality from which they were derived; suggests likewise from a systems perspective, the concept of education as an open system with a permanent dynamic evolution fueled by imaginary provided by the vitality of their community practitioner. To validate the model proposed from the theory, empirical validation is performed through a pilot group by allowing interdisciplinary faculty of the group co intervention strategies teacher, in turn pupils perform learning using research as a principal instrument, collaborative work and development of projects designed to foster the integration of disciplines. He deserves a special mention understanding of knowledge as a social construction, which goes beyond the traditional concept of knowledge as the exclusive property of individuality, in the exercise conducted, building collaborative networks, built a scaffolding cognitive parallel to the formal curriculum, facilitating the exchange of knowledge that allowed students to overcome their natural limitations, given that belonged only to the second half of a career in engineering and already faced problems formal engineering. The final results obtained in the experimental pilot group, using interdisciplinary strategies, demonstrate that they are a powerful tool to overcome the fragmented model that insulates not only the disciplines but also to individuals, societies and thought; also represent a chance of re-contextualizar engineering practice, producing a collaborative learning that socialice better knowledge, to restore discipline to their home complex and establish the foundations for a transformational learning from an integrated curriculum based on research.

Author: MIRA CHORRO ISRAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.

Summary: This research is conducting a study to find out the current status of teaching instrumental music in the specialty of saxophone at the elementary level. Then there is a proposal based on educational programming, a method and materials. This proposal is put into teaching implementation during a school year for subsequent evaluation, with the assumption that it will be valued positively with regard to the traditional didactic. The results were positively rated by the students and teachers involved in the project, particularly highlighting the methodological proposal made and instructional materials prepared according to the timing in programming

Author: DIOS MARTÍN FRANCISCO DE.
Year: 2005.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: AULA DE GRADOS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA.

Summary: The present investigation sought to give a clear answer to the situation and objective documentary on existing inspection visits to primary school in the broad context of the District University Servilla in the second half of the nineteenth century. To quantify inspection visits (11,761), and identify each of the existing types of schools, as well as documenting two types of questionnaires used the occasion to visit and observe the differences between the official route and itinerary have been the real three goals then that have shaped the hypothesis. THE INVESTIGATION IS STRUCTURE IN 6 CHAPTERS AND 3 ANNEXES. CHAPTER I traveled We legislative and historic nineteenth century. CHAPTER II approach a short survey on the official statistics of the number of schools and inspections carried out, just that chapter describing the documents that we are going to use from the qualitative and quantitative aspects. CHAPTER III exhibiting the form of gathering information, as well as your organization. CHAPTER IV identified two types of questionnaires, as well as the evolution of such a lo largo del siglo XIX. CHAPTER V From this chapter analyze inspection visits from school variables such as public / private, male / female, type of school and type of printing. CHAPTER VI We have seen what is legislated on inspections and what is the reality of the same. ANNEXES The first belongs to the party of labor and heuristics is the location and organization from nine descriptors of all visits made to the District University of Seville in the nineteenth century. The second is the relationship between selected questionnaires, which has enabled us to the analysis of print in chapter IV. And the third is the head of some of the questionnaires inspection, which shows the difficulty involved, the group visited in one or more other school, or in a particular regent.

Author: MARTIN SOLBES VICTOR MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN (UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA).

Summary: This research has been conducted in terms of teaching in the field of Penitentiary Institutions. This study aims to learn about the attitudes of young people to the processes of re-education. It establishes a number of variables socio they relate to the attitude, trying to get to predict attitudes. There will always be a review of the concept of attitude to the processes involved in learning and studying the theories. We are analyzing the social factors that can lead to criminal behavior, reviewing concepts such as social exclusion, maladjustment, crime, addressing the social competence and its relation to the rehabilitation and social reintegration. Then, and through various instruments undertakes research practice.

Author: ÍÑIGUEZ PORRAS FRANCISCO JAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PEDAGOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PEDAGOGÍA.

Summary: Faced with the traditional model of the teaching of genetics, based on the transmission by the faculty of knowledge already developed, and it does not take into account the perceptions of students, we have proposed a sequence teaching based on the principles of constructivism. This sequence takes into consideration the ideas of students, has an account proposals genetic researchers in teaching genetics and consists of various activities that allow the students to build and making sense of concepts related to the structure, function and location of the material hereditary. In samples working hypothesis think that the traditional model will not allow the students to overcome perceptions that manifest themselves in a questionnaire administered prior to the start of the investigation, while the students can overcome perceptions that manifest themselves in a questionnaire administered prior to the commencement of the instruction, while students who have received teaching in the model constructive it will be able to change their conceptions as a result of the didactic. The main working hypothesis suggests that the constructivist model will be more efficient than the traditional convert or adapt ideas from the student or scientifically correct. We have conducted educational interventions over five years to groups of students who are proposed to the traditional model and other groups were proposed by the constructivist model. The collection of data on the perceptions of students before starting the investigation, after the completion and nine months later to evaluate the degree of retention has enabled a qualitative and quantitative treatment to determine the degree of confirmation of the hypothesis. The results show that the traditional model has been unable to change the perceptions of students in all aspects worked, although it is true that there has been effective in certain areas. The constructivist model has enabled it to overcome much of the alternative conceptions of the students, although difficulties in certain aspects. Comparing both models, our main scenario is confirmed, in the direction of greater capacity to transform ideas of didactic sequence proposed by us and it is based on the principles of constructivism that the traditional model.

Author: CIVAT DIU M. ANTÒNIA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PEDAGOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PEDAGOGÍA.

Summary: The thesis examines the status of rural school, with the analysis of educational laws that have marked the Educational System Spanish beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, especially the General Education Act of 1970 and the Law on Management General Educational System of 1995 (the introduction of the LOGSE, which has resulted in significant changes in the schools in general and in rural areas in particular) -. Captara "reasons" used by the education authorities to open or close small schools in small towns. For the proximity in time, he chained, the process of implementing the LOGSE with the entry of Spain into the European Union. See the results that EU policies have resulted in the transformation of rural counties Catalan; policies that have led, in part, the economic and social transformations-new livelihoods, new professions, new professional interests, other studies â | -. These results call for new proposals in the fields of training that is necessary to offer, in the rural schools, to be able to respond to the needs that have led to the new circumstances.

Author: PASCUAL HOYUELOS GEMA.
Year: 2005.
University: DEUSTO [www.deusto.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: In this thesis analyzed the effects of three types of intervention strategies, knowledge and rereading to increase reading comprehension in sample of university students through two experiments, using natural texts (Comparative Education and Learning Difficulties), and in real environments (university). Arrangements were made for superficial understanding, for example, questions that require linking information difrerentes parts of the text, as well as prior knowledge of the reader, all in the texts of different characteristics (eg, size, theme). In Experiment 1, with a text of about 4500 words on Comparative Education, it was found that the Group Reading rendered better measures superficial understanding that the only other groups and the Group Knowledge gained greater gains in measures of deep understanding. In Experiment 2, with a text of 1729 words on Intervention Learning Difficulties, it was found that only the Knowledge Group won best scores on measures compression deep. One of the main findings of this study is the effectiveness shown by the intervention knowledge for the improvement of deep understanding. The discussion further elaborate these findings. A novelty of this study filed in the development of booklets with equally clear descriptions of treatment for all conditions, which provided instructions on how to implement each of the three forms of education. Thus, this study allows advance the standardization of educational interventions, one of the principles promoted by international organizations responsible for promoting best practice professionals (eg, Campbell Collaboration)

Author: VILOS NUÑEZ VICTOR HECTOR.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID.

Summary: This research captures the meanings of teaching practices that produce good academic results and better general education among children of a school, which has high rates of vulnerabilidas social belonging to the province of Talca (Putú) of the Region Maule. According descriptors included in the lines of investigation, marked by the department of Education, University of Valladolid, this thesis lies in the lines "teaching methods" and "education and human rights." It is the latter, by dealing with a case study examines a reality exploited by agents and social structures that cause injustice in impoverished areas. These situations of poverty are not conducive to building peaceful societies, nor harmony among humans, or communication with itself or with others, or the environment where these groups should be promoted. The fact that in this case investigated in the present work, students who live in poverty have succeeded academically if it does not prove the thesis finished outlined. To overcome this difficulty, educators and the school itself have had to waste large doses of individual delivery, patience, generosity and imagination to fill professional socioeconomic gaps that under normal circumstances, leading to academic failure and personal

Author: PÉREZ LÓPEZ ISAAC JOSÉ.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: The present work is designed, implemented and evaluated an intervention program to promote healthy physical activity. This research has been conducted on the basis of the survey of attitudes, motivation and behavior in adolescents Spaniards (paragraph developed within the project OATS), which would have used a cross-sectional study, descriptive, not experimental, through a sampling random representative of the teenage population of five Spanish cities (Grenada, Murcia, Madrid, Zaragoza and Santander), with a final sample of 2859 adolescents. However, the intervention teacher has been developed through an exercise based on a joint research: quantitative and qualitative. In this case, we have employed a quasi design with a single group (26b students) with measures pretest, post and retest. With regard to the variables involved in the study, in addition to physical activity (in the descriptive study), the study noted that in the quasi-independent variable has been the speech teacher of the course, with a duration of one quarter. And as dependent variables were established each of the curricular dimensions, that is, concepts, procedures and attitudes in relation to physical activity-oriented health. And beside them, too, the process itself intervention teacher (professor and program). For measurement of the dependent variables were used a number of tools such as: 1-A questionnaire of 25 questions conceptual closed with four possible respect, with the intention of assessing the beliefs and knowledge of the students about healthy physical activity. 2-For the dimension attitudinal survey was used behaviors, attitudes and values about physical activity and sport (consisting of 38 questions) project Oats and 3) finally, a procedural test, divided into two sections, which are discussed valued. The habits of physical activity and healthy postural of students. In addition to all this, the device was used qualitative analysis of the diaries of students and the teacher, along with the interview and overall valuations also conducted the first at the end of the experience. From the results obtained in the descriptive study points out that the interest shown by the Spaniards for adolescent activity físico-deportiva is very high, but is higher in boys than in girls. And who usually practice with regard to those who do not. The values achieved in attitudes towards the process are higher than those concerning attitudes toward the result, with significant differences between boys and girls, and among those who practice activity físico-deportiva and not in favor of the former, while in some as other. An analysis by age shows that attitudes toward the process worsen progressively in accordance go along with age, and attitudes towards the same result happens until after the age of 15 improved. The valuation that adolescents made on the degree of satisfaction with classes EF, the option "or I like or dislike me" is reaching a higher response rate. On the other hand, with regard to the effects of the intervention program on each of the curricular dimensions noted that there was a highly significant positive developments in the knowledge of the students about the contents of physical activity relationship 8 ada with 5da health. Developments that enhances its significance after the high retention rate reached in the retest. Similarly, in the field procedural also occurred in the retest. For its part, under the heading attitude highlights the significant improvement achieved in attitudes toward the process, thanks to the positive developments in the dimensions: "gratuity", "autonomy" and "security". In the dimensions that make up attitudes towards the result there were no significant differences, although it is appreciated that fell all average values of the four dimensions in the post. On the other hand, the intervention program had a very positive acceptance by delos students that the difference between pretest and post on the degree of satisfaction with the kinds of Physical Education was highly significant.

Author: RAVIALA MONTERGAUS ANDRÉS.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN U. COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: The models, in addition to being a key tool in the thinking and in the scientific endeavor, are a key factor in the learning and teaching of science. In a preliminary phase of this research, a study literature and an exploratory study on the learning and teaching of chemical equilibrium. The ultimate purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a proposal Didactics (PD) on the chemical equilibrium based on the presentation of models intermediaries, through a design research involving pupils from the first year courses from the U . Complutense de Madrid and the U. Nacional del Comahue. The sequence of conceptual models included four models that were addressed through a range of activities with diagram of particles and linear graphics. We analyzed the results of questionnaires, Modules activities and interviews. Students held after the traditional process of education, alternative conceptions on the issue of chemical equilibrium which indicated difficulty in linking the different levels of explanation of the chemistry (Submicroscópico, symbolic and macroscopic). Representations delos pupils were analyzed from the perspective of mental models, theories of dominance and implicit theories. The PD is shown to be an effective remedy in overcoming these conceptions alternatives favored organizing knowledge on the topic and was evaluated very positively to the teaching of chemical equilibrium and the teaching of chemistry.

Author: MÉGE VALLEJO CLAUDIO OSVALDO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: One of the most widely used means of communication in the transmission of scientific knowledge and education is the textbook. From that perspective it is necessary to have good texts that allow a broad understanding of the issues they address, as well as appropriate methodologies and educational actions that support rapid and efficient internalization of knowledge. Among the many problems in education and that they must investigate in depth what is Chevallard (1991) called "transposition of knowledge" and that it is wise to know the passage of knowledge taught and the possible distances that separate them. Several investigations have shown that the teaching of physics, and in particular the electromagnetism in Secondary Schools in Chile is deficit (14-15 years and 17-18 years in First Fourth). With them I intended to investigate the history textbooks of electromagnetism in this level is a tool for articulating and gravitante in the teaching-learning process. For this purpose was developed and validated with academics an instrument consisting of 4 categories covering such aspects as: conceptual formulation, epistemological, historical and educational, didactic presentation, systemic. Each category was associated descriptors representing more detailed aspects, forming a total of 23, comprising 8 specific and 15 overall. Each of them was defined its scope and content. For the rating were used as benchmarks knowledge to 4 texts that were elected in the curricula of 4 Universities Chilean and analyzed 8 texts Educational Media: 4 for First-Year Fourth East. The research reveals some weaknesses, such as. Redundancy processing algorithm, epistemological and ontological reductionism not raise the scientific method, good figures and diagrams, science is presented as something clear and with a mathematical elementary level.