PSYCHOTHERAPY

Author: CARBALLO GARCIA SERAFIN.
Year: 2003.
University: ISLAS BALEARES [www.uib.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: This dissertation is part of the research process in family therapy as its object the construction and validation of an instrument of arresting those demands attention on family therapy type resistencial, as well as identifying and categorizing certain family dynamics that are organized around these demands and derivation of some kinds of professionals and patients and / or their families to family therapy advise the team therapeutic use certain therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing neglect, with the loss of opportunity for change and prevent chronicity of patients. Research was raised about the search space used strategically by the team of therapy and family counseling systematically analyzing where the evaluation was completed with an indication of family therapy accompanied by an indication of the risks that the same could lead, postponiendo its launch at the time that the risks have disappeared. We tried to determine which variables of the family, therapist and therapeutic process during the evaluation were considered most relevant in making decision on the team's contract proposal therapeutic more appropriate to the family. The interest in this discussion was due to the fact that after some situations demand for treatment of family therapy on the team called Systematic Milan-Group led by Dr. Selvini, had studied as a clinical scenarios, were carried out by a family member different patient -hermano prestigioso- motivated, sometimes more by the potential benefits that could be obtained by side with consultation and for his own personal discomfort, that the effective resolution of the problem of the patient. There were also other demands of family therapy in which at all times was maintained considerable reluctance, this despite the fact that they had asked for help to solve the difficulties faced by one or more of its members. This paper places the State of the Question on the issue of effectiveness of family therapy, as well as the most outstanding results in assessment processes in this field.

Author: SAUL GUTIERREZ LUIS ANGEL.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: It explores the role of cognitive conflict in mental health as defined psychological conflict that arises in the subject to the desire of leaving a nasty situation (in some cases symptoms), but built with positive connotations (which have to do with own definition of the subject); so, the cessation represents a difficulty for the subject and a threat to their identity. Traditionally such difficulty with this change has been seen as resistance. It poses a theoretical basis from constructivist approaches, defines three types of cognitive conflict and presents a methodology for the identification and evaluation of the same through the technical grid GA Kelly (1955). We present two empirical studies. The first explores the presence of these conflicts in a non-clinical sample (n = 322) compared with a clinical specimen (n = 284). The second study, presents the evolution of these conflicts in a sample of patients who have gone through a process of psychotherapy (n = 87) and relates to the progression of symptoms.

Author: SAAVEDRA MUÑOZ GLORIA.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULAT DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: The intervention we offer the elderly fragile at the end of his life can not be a mere suspension of cure without requiring expert handling of the situation terminalidad. Requires assume the maximum of palliative care: providing comprehensive care to the patient and family in order to decrease their suffering and improve their quality of life. We put in the definition of suffering we offer Chapman and Gravin (1993) according to what it is a "state affective, cognitive and negative complex, characterized by the sensation experienced by the person being threatened in his integrity, for his sense of inability to cope with this threat and resource depletion personal and psychosocial enabling it to confront. " According to this definition suffers when a person experiences or fears that an event will happen that values like amenzante and believes it lacks the resources to cope with this menace (Bayés, 2001). Both feel the threat of a lack of resources are subjective and therefore to know what makes the patient suffer elderly, we know the symptoms you have and, above all, the level of concern you generate (Bayés, Arranz, Barber and Barreto, 1996). This study consists of two distinct parts. The first evaluated to 155 elderly patients fragile (82 men and 72 women) in a position to the end of life. The evaluation was conducted in the first week of hospitalization. The average age of patients was 79.97 years. The most frequent diagnoses were COPD, heart failure and hypertension. According to the original criteria HADS (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) 11% of patients who obtain scores suggest a problem clinical anxiety and 28.4% from depression. The 18.7% gain scores suggesting difficulties in full scale (following criteria Lefevre (1995) for palliative patients). The 38.7% of patients claimed to be poorly or very poorly the day before and the 41.7% the previous day was long or very long. The variability of the reasons argued that the patients were very broad. Between these two variables, overall sense of well-being (SBG), and perception of the passage of time (PPT), we found a statistically significant correlation (r = 0,474, p less 0.01; Pearson correlation coefficient). In the second part of our look at the evolution of the variables above mencionads, after three weeks of hospitalization in two subgroups of the original sample, one of 25 patients which has been carried out individually psychological intervention and one of 39 with no. Among both groups, there were no significant differences in age at admission, diagnosis, scores of anxiety and depression in the HADS, or SBG PPT. In the group that has been conducted psychological intervention found a statistically significant decrease in the score in 7 of the items of HADS in scores of anxiety, depression and all the same scale, as well as a significant increase gracious and SBG PPT. In addition, these patients has been used ESYP (Bayés, Limonero, Barreto and Comas, 2001, 1997, 1995) to evaluate their symptoms and concerns. In the group that has not been done intervention is not observe significant differences between the two moments temporary, but two of the items HADS. As findings emphasize that the rates of anxiety found in our sample are smaller than those found in other works in the field palliative, made primarily with cancer patients, while rates of depression are similar those in the literature. Uan found wide variability in symptoms, concerns and issues related to SBG and PPT. Also, a significant positive correlation between these two variables (sense of well-being and overall perception of the passage temporary). In the group with which we conducted psychological intervention showed a decrease 8 inución 2d3 of HADS scores and an increase in the SBG and PPT.

Author: AGUIRREGABIRIA GONZÁLEZ DE ECHAVARRI ANA MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: DEUSTO [www.deusto.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: This is a work in the field of clinical repeated measures (before and after treatment). Study the clinically significant changes obtained by the 10 participants of a group of sixteen psychodrama closed meetings to be repeated six times over a period of three years in a treatment center semihospitalario day. Participants are volunteers drawn from the population of attendees to a day center in London, specializes in the treatment of people suffering from severe and chronic disorders of personality that at the time of admission are suffering from a relapse or worsening of their symptoms . The evaluation method is complex and totally independent of the investigator. They are used structured and timely measures in the form of the participants completed questionnaires before and after treatment. They are also used semi-structured interviews and multiple sources of information on the background for the treatment of each person. Access to other fuentas information is conducted by the clinical staff of the center, regardless of the investigator. At the same time, using the questionnaire climate group to study the group process itself after each meeting of psychodrama. The weekly monitoring is the only direct contact with the researcher keeps therapists, the group and its components. The data analysis is done at quantitatively and qualitatively. For the quantitative analysis using the statistical and clinical significance of the rate of change reliable. To this is added the analysis of the mean difference group before and after treatment. A qualitative level provides a detailed description of the events in each group session, each participant and their evolution. The results show that participants are recovered in those aspects which were intended to improve. The pattern of improvement appears to be related to the goals and motivations of individuals. In conclusion recommends the use of the analysis of the clinical significance and the rate of change reliable to study changes in subjects who attend treatment psicodramático. Treatment psicodramático seems to help all participants to achieve their goals. It is recommended that the item be continued studying with other people and in other contexts.

Author: PÁRRAGA SÁNCHEZ JOSÉ MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: CCAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO DE CÁCERES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE EXTREMADURA.

Summary: The syndrome bournout is becoming increasingly widespread and affects more people, especially health professionals who carry out their work in the area of interpersonal relationships. That is why an intervention program that wants to reduce the levels of burnout must take into account not only the control of work-related stress, but also training in such skills and interpersonal relationship in the acquisition of appropriate psychological attitudes increase resources and coping strategies for dealing with situations in which they are immersed professional humanitarian workers. We studied all the related burnout syndrome in order to learn about the strategies, intervention programs and experimental studies that have been carried out as well as their relationship with the emotional dysfunctions in health care workers, for example, anxiety, depression, weakness and psychological intensity of their responses to stress. We propose a program of intervention, the program IRIS (Speech psychological cognitivo-conceptual based on the control of stress in the training in interpersonal skills, social skills and self-help strategies), based on five blocks of intervention, with a temporary twenty sessions a weekly basis, two hours and average length of each meeting and after thirty minutes of relaxation session. Design and conduct an investigation aimed at health professionals not optional, with a design inter-grupo pretest-postest with experimental group (61 subjects) and control group (21 subjects), which to assess the effectiveness of our intervention Program IRIS we used different scales and psychological questionnaires (Maslach Burnout Inventory -MBI-, Inventory for depression Beck -BDI-, Questionnaire Anxiety Estado-Rasgo -STAI-, Magellan Scale Stress -EMEST-, Interpersonal-scale Adjectives IAS-, Survey Diagnose Stress Scale of Labor -EDE- and Attitudes Disfuncionales -DAS-). The objectives of the research are to determine the relationship between burnout, work-related stress and emotional dysfunctions; reduce levels of burnout, the intensity of the responses to stress, the levels of anxiety and depression and improve psychological dysfunctional attitudes of trial subjects ; evaluate the effectiveness of the Program IRIS with respect to different formats of application (weekly or fortnightly: relaxation with or without relaxation, intervention or blocks); evaluate the results in relation to the styles of interpersonal behavior of subjects, and finally determine if the results are stable after a year of completion of the intervention. Following the results, we can conclude by commenting that work-related stress is not the real cause of our mismatches psico-emocionales at work, but rather, these are derived from the lack of resources to cope with different levels of stress; further mere presence of work-related stress does not cause burnout, it's more professionals can "operate at an optimal level 'with high levels of stress when they feel made to the work they perform, on the other hand we find a statistically significant relationship between the syndrome and Burnout the emotional dysfunctions; finally note that the IRIS program has proved effective in reducing levels of burnout, especially in the dimension Emotional Fatigue that has been considered a key element of the syndrome, and has been effective in ensuring that the subjects handled better stress in the workplace due to the reduction obtained in the intensity of their stress responses and their levels of anxiety and depression, as well as an improvement in their attitudes 8 psicoló 2ce gicas. The improvement obtained with the IRIS program has proved to be statistically significant regardless of the styles of interpersonal behavior of the subjects (except for non-dominant subjects of features / non-emotional) and has remained stable one years after the intervention.

Author: BAQUERO ESCRIBANO ABEL.
Year: 2006.
University: JAUME I DE CASTELLON [www.uji.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y SOCIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y SOCIALES.

Summary: One of the problems psicopatológicos most prevalent in recent years are disorders abuse / dependence of substances, although this phenomenon has evolved to the present day where most patients are subjected to multiple or diagnoses also called dual pathologies, with the difficulty added that comes in the therapeutic process. It used a sample of 236 subjects, divided into a group clinical supervision and control group in a state of social disorganization. In turn the group is composed of clinical subjects consuming heroin, cocaine, heroin combined with cocaine, THC, alcohol and subjects in methadone maintenance program, all of them being assessed by a brief social history which reflects social aspects related to its addictive and physical pathology and questionnaires STAI-ER, BDI, RSEI, EPQ-Ry MCMI-II, which assesses anxiety, depression, self-esteem, character and personality disorders. We found statistically significant differences in the areas evaluated between different groups clinical supervision and control in a state of social disorganization, as well as within the group clinical function and the route of administration of the same, what we believe is of great utility psychotherapy to adapt to the situation of the patient.