PSYCHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Author: CALDERÓN GARRIDO CATERINA.
Year: 2002.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The aforementioned thesis proposes: Exposing a theoretical approach to the problem of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD). With regard wing evolution, historical disorder, the definition and description of the key symptoms and disorders associated biological aspects, techniques and tools for assessment and treatment more important in ADHD. With an extensive literature review and clarify documentary that allows a theoretical framework to develop solid foundations with a program of cognitive behavioral therapy. - Implement a cognitive behavioral treatment for children with ADHD between 8 and 12 years, with the collaboration of a central dpt. Of Welfare and various schools. The program combines ténicas cognitive (self-study, problem solving, moldeamiento, self-control and self-assessment) and techniques (strengthening social cost and response). - Analyze the data after the implementation of the intervention program. With a repeated measures design with three moments: pre-tratamient, post and follow-up. Based on the above data, we were able to conclude that the treatment cognitivo-conducutal was beneficial to children with ADHD, but given the high heterogeneity of the symptoms that are presented by children, it is necessary to combine cognitive behavioral therapy with medication.

Author: DIAZ DIAZ DE LEÓN JUAN JOSÉ.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN Y FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The performance, strategies and mistakes contexts are analyzed according to the degree of abstraction, the operation and incógnita.En cadda context, four groups of 24 students in the first four year of Primary Education is presentarón 16 challenges divided into four types : concrete, drawings, numeric and verbales.Además, individual interviews were conducted participants are alos procedures for the settlement of tareas.Los results indicate that the evolutionary contexts show a distinct pattern in the rendimiento.Los students are more rural oral competition. The urban school mainly used strategies numerical facts. conceptual errors are more common in both contexts. Keywords: context, strategies, degree of abstraction, problems change.

Author: REJAS JIMENEZ MADRID PABLO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE EDUCACION.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: The European Union considers mobility as a pillar of the construction process and builds on it for its evolution, it is, through its institutions Treaties, programs and the actions contemplated, stimulates and power. For young people, the decision to go to study, work or live a while in another European Union country is an important decision, to know it in all its depth is necessary to address many aspects interactive between those who believe that the person has a role prepoderante.Una person is faced with the fact deal with any circumstance since manner or form of being, of feeling, of seeing things and the world, and so on. It is therefore in the present investigation pretending to know the personality traits as an influential factor in the mobility of young people in the European Union, studying not only the socio-economic theories, as we have always studied the migration problem, but from the psychosocial theories , in order to offer from the Educational Psychology, proposed maintenance, empowerment, change or improve those aspects that help or not, in order to increase the mobility of young people, and find the most suitable people to work the EU civil servants, employees of entities privadasa, etc.. Just as workers on official business for a specific function and determined.

Author: PEÑA FERNANDEZ M. ELENA DE LA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: This doctoral thesis focuses on descriptive study of antisocial behavior and its various manifestations, such as drug abuse and the presence of more serious behavior, aggressive and / or violent, as well as their interrelations and the identification of its major risk factors and portección. First, is a descriptive analysis of the sample study (Chapter V), which aims to reflect the prevalence of conduct antisocialo both in terms of age and sex among adolescents, differentiating it in two of its manifestations more importantaes such as drug use and the presence of conduct serious and / or violent typical adolescence. In Chapter VI, he examines the predictive value of a wide range of variables or type of psychosocial factors in determining the value and weight of the major risk factors and protective measures that, according to the literature on the subject, appear to maintain a meaningful relationship with the onset of antisocial behavior in the adolescencia.Por Finally, in Chapter VII, on the basis of those variables that have shown greater predictive relevance in the above study, determining the explanatory value of each on the complex interelación between antisocial behavior and drug use.

Author: HIDALGO BERUTICH SILVIA.
Year: 2004.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD PSICOLOGÍA DE UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD PSICOLOGÍA DE UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.

Summary: Lainvestigación analizala international adoption in our country between the years 1996 and 2000.La sample consisted por75 children (39 girls and 36 boys) from 68 families (52 couples and 11 manaparentales). Laedad half of the children at the beginning of the adoption was 3 years old and had 5.8 years average age at the time of the study. The average age of parents is situated in 42 years. Children come from Latin America and the parents reside in different autonomous communities of our country. The procedure used was the telephone contact and shipping postal tests at Collaborating Bodies of Intercountry Adoption distributed by the 17 communities autonomous. The instruments used were: the scale of "Assessment of behavioral problems" (EPC Navarro, Peiró and Silva, 1993); "Questionnaire Aceptación-rechazo parent" (PARQ, Ronher, 1999) and "Autoinforme Process Adaptción Children Adopted Intemacionalmente "(APAN-AI, Hidalgoy Fuentes, 2001). The main objective of the study focuses on the valuation made by parents on the levels of adapting their children during the process of adaptation family. It is a job that reports on how it affects international adoption to the child's development and integration into their new family, social and cultural development. To this end, the study delves into issues such as: a) factors leading to the experience of adoption, undamentalmente characteristics personal, family and social responsibilities of children and parents, b) factors involved in the process of adapting the the child to the family, such as developmental problems and child behavior, the ability of the environment to ompensar the adoptive child's deficiencies and achieve the "normalization" of child development, etc.. c) factors affecting the family situation today, primarily emotional relationship between parents and children, the organization and functioning of the family home, the development of specific tasks of the adoptive parentalidad, training of staff and ethnic identity of the child and parents' satisfaction with the adoption.

Author: HERNÁNDEZ JUAN JOSÉ LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA.

Summary: It aims, firstly, to provide empirical evidence about the validity and effectiveness of therapeutic protocol "Intervention with Adolescent Social Fobia" (IAFS) through the validation of social change therapeutic reported by parents and teachers from the experimental subjects, and Moreover, analyze the impact that the transmission of information on social phobia occurs in adolescents with this disorder, comparing both interventions with a control group waiting list. The sample which was extracted subjects who eventually formed the experimental groups consisted of 2,265 students 3Âş and 4Â ° Secondary Education and 1Â ° Bachelor aged between 14 and 18 years from four institutes in the city of Elche. We selected 324 subjects (14.4%) that exceeded scores court established two questionnaires on social phobia (Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory; Turner, Beidel, Dancu and Stanley, 1989. Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents; La Greca and Lopez, 1998 ) and those who were administered 10 questionnaires and an additional semi-structured clinical interview (ADIS-IV; Di Nardo et al., 1994). This diagnostic evaluation detected in 174 subjects (7.7%) of eligible Generalized Social Fobia. Finally were 53 subjects who agreed to participate in the research study. Methodologically has used a quasi intersujeto multivariate design with three experimental conditions, having measures in the independent factor and treatment measures many and varied factors in the evaluation. According to the assumptions made and the results obtained, it can be concluded that: (i) The subjects belonged to the group Treatment IAFS statistically significant difference compared with those of the Group of Information and Transmission Group Control-Lista waiting in the reducing the values of the actions of their responses social anxiety in both the short and medium term. (Ii) The subjects who received the treatment compared to those receiving IAFS Information Transmission and those who did not receive any kind of intervention (Group Control-Lista waiting) obtained in the short and medium term increases, which reached statistically significant differences in their for, in the values of the measures of assertive behavior and social skills. (Iii) After treatment, subjects who belonged to the group reported lower IAFS interference disorder in areas such as those related to their family, social life, academic, couple and leisure, as well as a greater reduction in the number of social situations dreaded. (Iv) Improvements produced by the IAFS both statistics as clinics, not only stayed in the tracks, but that increased with the passage of time. (V) The transmission of information, as has been operacionalizado in this research study, has only shown its usefulness in temporary improvement of the self-esteem of the subjects who received no getting prove more effective than no treatment or short or medium term. (Vi) Both parents and teachers agreed to ratify the effectiveness of treatment IAFS. Parents were more sensitive to change that therapeutic teachers. (Vii) In the light of the data obtained regarding the clinical significance, it was found greater ef 8 icacia d 3d6 package IAFS treatment, compared with other experimental conditions. Treatment IAFS to prove its therapeutic efficacy in 72.2% of subjects at follow-up at 12 months; other experimental conditions did not provide any subject that achieved complete remission disorder.

Author: VALERO VILLUENDAS ANDRÉS.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: Research conducted at the center Can Rubió of Esparraguera (NCB). OBJECTIVE assess the changes that produces an Institutional Care Program in organizing personality, in the relational functioning, coping problems and cognitive resources, and the possible relationship of these changes to certain circumstances of the subjects (in adolescents situation reamparo and with serious mental disorders). PROCEDURE are practiced three evaluations: outset, short-term (8 months) and the medium term 15 (months). Test scores at the outset compared with the rates of the respective tests (yardstick for adolescents Italians in the case of Rorschach). Test scores in the short and medium term are compared with those obtained from the outset, calculating the statistical significance of the different (T Wilcoxon) and the clinical significance based on the standard deviation (Cohen). We calculated trends (linear regression, least squares) to a selection of 17 indexes and the relationship (Spearman) with some of these trends circumstances of the subject. INSTRUMENTS Rorschach test, YSR, CRI and the subtests Vocabulary, Similarities and cubes of WISC-R. SUBJECT 31 at the beginning, 25 and 19 in the short and medium term, respectively (both sexes), with various types of mental pathology. RESULTS At the outset, many of emotional problems, behavior, dominance of avoidance strategies, the tendency to dissociation and / or performance failures in the internal and external perception, scarce resources ideacionales and emotional disorders numerous course and contents of thought, lack of interest in others, passivity and dependence on the environment and difficulties in perceiving the convencionalidad and norms of the group. In the short term, little change seen. In the medium term, improve the control and stress tolerance, self-perception, social identification, internalization, externalization and approach to conflict, diminish disruption of thought. It increases the tendency to passivity ideational, the unit's environment and avoidance as a coping strategy. The trend of improvement has a significant negative relationship with the number of psychiatric revenues and its duration. The trend towards improvement presents a significant negative correlation with the number of psychiatric revenues and its duration. The trend towards stagnation psychic presents a significant negative relationship with the family support. DISCUSSION The discrepción the results may be due to the presence of many factors related abandonismo, lack of genetic and family situation subjects and the absence of suffering psíquico-razones to change, introspection and confidence in others. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a multi-modal model is feasible and provides good information for the analysis of the clinical development individually, to exchange with other professionals, as an indicator of the quality of service and generates a standardized database that allows research. This program is not intended for individuals who have made a lot of i / o lengthy psychiatric income. Age, psychopathology, family status, comorbidity and future prospects, make up some organizations pathologically crystallized personality and very difficult to change. Increased passivity ideational, the dependence of environment and the avoidance as a coping strategy required to identify which elements of the program itself, of the everyday and the rules of the center could contribute to an increase in these factors to make changes relevant in each of the three areas.

Author: FIGUERAS MASIP ANNA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: Depression is one of the major mental health problems of today's society. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the assessment of depression infanto - juvenil. Depression in children and adolescents is an insidious disorder, in many occasions little recognized confused with other disorders, or understood as a normal variation of mood. The reasons for this are many and include, among others, the type of symptoms and often covert nature of the symptoms vision of the end of childhood and the beginning of adolescence as a time of change and emotional disorders, poor relationship and insufficient communication between some teenagers and parents or adult reference, as teachers, and lack of self-referral to professionals by adolescents. If we want the psychological assessment provides a portrait as close as possible to the functioning of the child or adolescent, we must avoid, at the outset, to grant a diagnostic label, seeking to evaluate different areas of operation and to collect information from various informants. It is also necessary to use various instruments including, if possible, categorical and dimensional approaches. Besides these instruments must be tailored to the population and the cultural context in which they apply and have appropriate standards for the age and sex of the evaluated. The aim of the thesis was to study the usefulness of an evaluation of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, and people adapt to various Catalan self-report measures and heteroinforme assessing symptomatology psicopatológica in general, and depressive symptoms in particular. We have assessed two points of participants aged between 10 and 16 years: a community group (1706 participants) and a clinical (285 participants). Starting with the community group has selected a control group, with 46 participants, and one of risk, with 102 participants, and from clinical group, a sub-clinical, with 40 participants. The instruments were administered the Reynols Adolescent Depressión Scale (SADR), the Reynolds Child Depressión Scale (RCDS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) in the community group and clinical. In the control groups, and clinical risk have been administered, in addition, the Youth Self Report (YSR), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Teacher Report Form (TRF), Deverex Scales of Mental disroders (DSMD) and diagnostic interview. Have been translated, Catalan and Spanish and adapted for this study the SADR, RCDS, IDC and DSMD. The process of translation has been done through a direct translation of the questionnaire from English to Spanish and from Spanish to Catalan by two translators and experts with knowledge of psychological assessment and psicopatológica and back translation of the Catalan and Spanish to English, translators by other experts.

Author: MENDOZA GONZÁLEZ BRENDA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The present study was developed with the objective of exploring the relationship of school violence with variables such as ethnicity, gender (female profile, male and men and women), and abuse in the pupil-teacher interaction, variables that have been poorly explored in the study of school violence. The study involved 757 students at 1Â º to 4Â fifth of the SCS, public schools in Madrid. The results of the investigation that resulted in the identification: A - The most common situations of aggression are peer exclusion, rejection and verbal abuse. B-Students who are at the stage of early adolescence, second and third in the SCS are students who reported receiving more abuse on the part of teachers and exert more abuse towards them. C-Teenagers belonging to minority groups while less feel for their ethnicity and their quest for greater identity will be at higher risk of becoming involved in situations of school violence. D-Students victims of school violence are identified with feminine values, while students who are not involved in school violence integrated into their repertoire behavioral values female and male. This research work provides empirical evidence of the phenomenon of school violence from a broader context, not just confined to explore peer violence.

Author: CABALLERO REALES SONIA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: This work has been aimed at analyzing the informal knowledge of the children of Early Childhood Education on numeracy. Participants included 36 children from Early Childhood Education divided into two age groups (ie, Group I: 4-5 years and Group II: 5-6 years) and longitudinal follow-up was conducted of children's Group I when they were 5-6 years. They resolved a protocol of 20 problems verbal addition, subtraction, multiplication, division partitiva and measurement division structure with action and no action, through individual interviews, which were taped for later analysis. In terms of results, the cross-sectional study carried out an ANOVA mixed 2 (Group: I and II) x 5 (Operation: vs. addendum. Vs. Abduction. Multiplication vs.división partitiva vs. Division average) x 2 (Type Problem ) with repeated measures over the last two factors and executed with SPSS. That analysis showed that the main effects were significant group (F 1.34 = 6,940. P less 0.05), Operation (R 4136 = 3,860, p less 0.01) and Problem type structure or semantics (F 1.34 = 183,165, p less 0.01). In addition, the longitudinal study conducted a second ANOVA 2 (Moment of Measurement: Measurement I vs. Measurement II) x 5 (Operation: adding theft vs. vs. vs. multiplication division partitiva vs. division measure) x 2 (Type Problem: vs. action no action) with repeated measures and carried out with SPSS. This analysis showed again that the main effects were significant factors of Measurement (F1, 14 = 6,000, p less 0.05), Operation (F4, 46 = 4,482, p less 0.01) and type Problem (F1, 14 = 101,083, p minor 0.01). These data, along with the quantitative analysis of the correct and incorrect procedures, we are led to conclude, among other things, that: - The operation was easier to resolve the division of measurement together with the addition in both groups and both studies (ietransversal and longitudinal). B-While 4-year-olds already had complex strategies such as memory, the frequency of use of more advanced strategies was higher in the group of 5 years, and the lower frequency of errors, such as procedural and enforcement. Overall, the largest group scored a better performance in solving problems resulting from the increased number of experiences "mathematics". Finally proof Wilconxon threw cough gives very interesting on the intraindividual variability, reaching up to ten children who improved their performance when they met 5 years.

Author: CARAZO VARGAS VIVIANA.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: This thesis is an analysis about the perception of individual differences over history, segregation of persons with particular patterns of development and their relationship with the knowledge of the brain and neurodevelopmental processes. It shows that although you can see a step forward in the respect and attention to the diversity of styles perception, learning and mental states or behavioral and deepening the knowledge of the structure and functioning of the nervous system, there are few moments that an area has been nourished by the other. This research deals with the neurodevelopmental, diversity and segregation from the perspective of integrating knowledge of multiple disciplines, covering topics of genetic and epigenetic, neurodevelopmental, gestation, basic neuroscience, brain plasticity, epigenesis, perception, memory, learning, and neuropsychological functions higher cognitive, language, communication and resilience. We present evidence that supports that diversity is a trait common to all human beings, and that there is no scientific justification for the exclusion of those whose patterns of development are inconsistent with the expectations of society. It raises the development process as coevolutivo, ie not merely as a substrate product of genetic or environmental stimuli. It builds on the theory that segregation, understood as any factor or action that limits the relationship between the body and its environment, basic processes affect neurodevelopment and neuroevolución, both individually and collectively. The thesis is part of one of the overall objectives of the Neuropsicología: the study of the influence of experience on the substrate neurofuncional. It contributes to the analysis and understanding of the risk of segregation for neurodevelopmental processes, as well as the understanding of various factors that can potentially limit or promote it.

Author: BARAJAS ESTEBAN M. CARMEN.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA (UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA).

Summary: The phenomenon of informal tutoring is evaluated through a system based on the unit of analysis of socio-mediated action and sensitive to the issues we disagree models of interpretation of the tutoring: diádica the definition of the task and the role of guardian and Trained in the process. When applied to the analysis of the interaction of 66 díadas adulta-niño / a (ages of the children range from 3 to 5 years and adults differ in the level of education and in the vicinity socioafectiva you have with your ninterlocutor child), a task multiple classification, makes it possible to identify key effectiveness tutorial microgenética to promote partner him less able to master the task as the voice adult. The evolutionary analysis of the interactions stimulants to distinguish variations associated with the age of some of the tutoring invariant evolutionary where its value lies stimulating. Moreover, data reveal that all the changes introduced by the proximity socioafectiva tutorial in the process promote its value inspiring, and that, which introduces him educated tutor, some are not relevant to the success tutorial and other optimize the effectiveness of process, exceeding the minimum rates required for interaction is stimulating and are guaranteed with low educational levels, which leads to the conclusion that lso cognitive resources with which interacts guardian, regardless of their level of development, are also the service of sociogénesis at least subject to compliance with conditions favorable intersubjectivity, aided by the proximity socioafectiva between partners.

Author: FIGUEIREDO BRANCO DA PONTE FILOMENA ERMIDA.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The dependencia-independencia field was the theme chosen for this work. This cognitive style, developed and promoted by Witkin is the dimension stylistic more extensive and long tradition of inquiry. Being in Portugal few studies on the cognitive styles, we intend to diversify the cognitive information used in the diagnosis of learning problems and the intervention of practical ways to promote cognitive skills and learning of students with the greatest difficulties. The study analyzed differences in cognitive performance associated with the DEC, considering three subgroups of students in terms of cognitive style: independent subjects in the field, depending on field and intermediate. Tests were applied atencionales and memory processes, as well as skills visuoperceptivas and visuoconstructivas. In analyzing the resutlados was controlled variability due to the intelligence. They confirmed that the subjects in a style dependent on cognitive difficulties in the field show cognitive functioning likely to be at the root of their problems in school performance. The next step in research would be to identify variables that are associated with school performance, thus allowing direct efforts toward intervention areas especially critical.

Author: NARBERHAUS ANA.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION The neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies provide data that subjects with a history of prematurity have a lower cognitive performance as well as a variety of structural brain abnormalities respect to those born at term. Objectives The objectives were to explore the memory deficits and their possible relation to IQ teen preterm low birth weight; studying abnormalities of the corpus callosum and cognitive performance in adolescents born preterm; explore the influence of gestational age at birth on the anomalies of the corpus callosum and the overall cognitive performance in the subjects mentioned above. We performed a neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in a total sample of 83 teenagers premature. RESULTS Teenagers premature presented significant differences in memory daily, which disappears when taking into account the overall intelligence quotient (ILC). The gestational age is the variable clinical best predicts the ILC. Teenagers premature shows a reduction in the total size of the corpus callosum, and the genu, later midbody and splnium and performed worse in several cognitive functions. The gestational age correlated with the total corpus callosum and the ILC. Teenagers born before Week 27 presents a thinning of the corpus callosum total, as well as genu, earlier midbody, later midbody, isthmus and splenium and a low Cl. Subjects born between week 28 and 30, show a reduction in the splenium and low Cl. The infants born with EG between 31 and 33 weeks, only show a low Cl. The EG correlates with the corpus callosum and the Cl. CONCLUSIONS * Adolescents with a history of prematurity cognitive difficulties and structural abnormalities in the long term, most related to gestational ale dad with the birth weight. * Adolescents who were born prematurely have memory deficits that may explicares partially by their failures in cognitive performance. * Intelligence memory of everyday life, learning and verbal fluency verbal semantics, cognitive functions more sensitive to premturidad. * Even if observed statistically significant differences between the study groups, the extent of scores of subjects premature lies in the normal range. * The reduction in size of the corpus callosum, observed earlier in preterm infants, it remains as a minimum after 16 years of brain reorganization. * The genu later midbody and splenium, the subregions are most affected by prematurity. * The gestational age at birth presents a clear relationship with abnormalities of the corpus callosum and low cognitive performance.