PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Author: CASSAMO CHAGANE HACHIMO.
Year: 2003.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS DE EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA.

Summary: In Mozambique, in 2003, there were nearly 170,000 new cases of AIDS in young people and adults and nearly 30,000 children between 0 and 14 years. The reality shows that on average young people start to 16 years, less than a quarter use condoms and have more than one sexual partner is socially accepted. According to various theoretical models that predict the behavior of risk to health and the prevention of disease will be more likely to be an intention and conduct preventive if there actudes favorable toward it, believe in its effectiveness, there is a perception autoeficacia for its conduct and standards are perceived favorable. The objective of this study is to know what psychological and socio-demographic factors have functional relationship with the intent to use or request or use of condoms to prevent trancmoión heterosexual transmission of HIV and to use self reported, in order to improve the existing preventive programs. The sample consists of 632 young high school students from 15 a24-year-old. The 58.6% are male. We used a questionnaire generated itself from which were evaluated varibles sociodemographic and attitudes toward condom use; belief in him effectiveness of the behavior, the self-efficacy for use with the current partner or with the occasional and for refusing to unprotected sex with both types of couples, the rules subjective percibidad; intend to conduct and use self reported in the last sexual encounter. The 43.7% of the subjects feel completely capable of using presrvativo with a casual partner. A 64.1% of men believed that using a condom is not nasa trip. Both men as well as women, the intent to use or request for condom use is pmayor when the couple is casual. D of the catitudes valued (and importance agradabilidad), the first predicts intend to conduct and the second Conclusions The use self reported condom use among young people in Mozambique is not a measure extended. Young people seem ralizar assessment of the need to take preventive measures depending on the type of couple: mayortariamente perceived need that when we talk about a couple occasionally. Most of the young people believed that the use of condoms is "nasty". Once again in this study shows the importance of a "small" immediate consequence aversive in predicting behavior. Not to mention the much more powerful influence of social and religious norms peculiar to the country, providing support and roconocimineto to such attitudes.

Author: BALLESPÍ SOLA SERGI.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Author: MARAÑON GUILLÁN IZASKUN.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The eating disorders are serious diseases that affect mainly women in development. The personality disorders, in turn, relate to inflexible patterns and not adaptive behavior. The joint presence of personality disorders in eating disorders is a challenge to the clinic. The focus of this thesis is the study of personality disorders in women with eating disorders. The two main objectives that arises is: know the personality disorders present in eating disorders and determining equivalence between two evaluation tools (a self-administered questionnaire and a estrevista) to assess personality disorders. All this uses a design with two control groups (pisquiátrico and regulatory) that lets you know whether personality disorders are typical of the patients with eating disorders or, conversely, if it is present in different characteristics clinical samples and / or in the population of young women. The two diagnostic tools are inconsistent in the development of personality disorders. In particular the self-administered questionnaire is not valid for such an assessment. Using data from the interview, however, one can conclude that a little more than half of the patients with eating disorders presented at least one personality disorder, which is a unique feature of such patients.

Author: FRAGO ARBIZU RAKEL DEL.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.

Summary: This thesis has been carried out a study on the psychology intervention aimed at activating the vocational and personal development of adolescents and young Compulsory Secondary Education (SEE). For the study has been developed variant pilot Erabakia Hartu Behar Dut! The original program of vocational guidance in Spanish entitled  ¡Tengo Que Decidirme! (1997) addressed to students of Post Compulsory Education, which has been in alignment with the Basque and SCS. We have made two speeches in two different academic years and two different centers of Gipuzkoa. In each of the interventions, the former has been a pilot study has been applied program of vocational guidance to students from Third course of ESO Enrolled in the "D" line curriculum in Euskara. Direct action for implementing the program has been done by the profesorado-tutor in their grupo. To that end, it has designed a training plan for teachers, which was adopted by consensus among the different actors and education conducted over the intervention in the reality in which it exists Department Guidance school. The main objective has been to determine the impact or changes in the program in the various dimensions of development Vocation: knowledge of self, knowledge of the world of professions and work, the world of studies and procedures for making decisions, as well as learning and cognitive skills, decision-making skills. And also consider other aspects of the speech, mainly to the needs and answer and the process followed in the same. The design has been used to "control group and not equivalent to pretest and post", adopting option cualitativizada of quasi research. It has conducted a detailed analysis of the development process of teacher training plan designed and implemented; of program planning inserted in the school curriculum, as well as its development in the dynamics del grupo. In overall has done an assessment of the statement made by the educational model of intervention adopted. The results have shown that the program is suitable to the age of students, necessary, useful and interesting regarding its content counselor. It has produced positive effects with statistical significance in all dependent variables and has been valued by the educational team participant as a valuable resource and effective sensitizes students on the need to stop to think about their future académico-profesional and a driving strategy the introduction of vocational guidance in the second SCS

Author: GUTIÉRREZ FUENTES MARÍA TERESA.
Year: 2004.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA SAN ISIDORO.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: We conducted a formal neuropsychological assessment tests with a total of 200 patients with a history of trauma cráneo-encefálico, tumor or accident cerebro-vascular in critical period at the Hospital General de Leon, during their entry into the plant Neurosurgery. Also a control group of 20 subjects. We sought the differences between the frontal brain damage and the damage occurred in other regions outside the frontal lobes, the deterioration of skills visoespaciales, lingüstica, memory, processes intellectuals, attention and cognitive impairment of the executive functions. This sample results were found to endorse proposals Kimura, D., and Luria, AR, as well as other differences in capabilities visoespaciales according to gender and the hemisphere; involvement of age in the capabilities lingüsticas; deterioration in memory according sex and location of the lesion; caring capacity on the basis of sex and the hemisphere, and the consequences of the severity of a coma Glasgow; esteem and psychological health status depending on the location, the affected hemisphere and sex ; differences were found according to the etiology of damage, as well as the level of education.

Author: ZUBEIDAT IHAD.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The social anxiety is defined as the fear of interaction for fear that prove embarrassing. Hence comes the relevance of studying the fear and anxiety that occurred within these social relations. The main objective of this dissertation is to assess the differentiating characteristics of the two forms, specific and generalized social anxiety and a sample of young people in their school environment since. The province of Granada. A sample of 1012 subjects youth replied to a series of self-reports that evaluate different areas of the behavior of young people, picking up a number of demographic variables, psycho-social skills and clinical indices. The results showed the existence of significant different between the two groups of young people with social anxiety, specific and widespread in the indices associated with anxiety and avoidance associated with situations in the indices associated with anxiety and avoidance associated with situations of social achievement although not have obtained significant differences between them with respect to certain socio-demographic variables and psychosocial skills. In addition, the group of young people with generalized social anxiety showed a rate of comorbidity significantly higher than in the group of young people with social anxiety specific. For their part, social anxiety specific groups, widespread, other psicopatologías and a control group without conditions differed significantly in some demographic variables and psychosocial skills valued quantitative and culalitativamente. Three groups of young psicopatologías scored significantly higher than the control group in most indices evaluated clinical, introducing the groups with psicopatologías nivelse similar in most of these indices, except those related to the performance and social achievement where groups with social anxiety showed elevated levels. Finally, the three groups of young psicopatolgías had an increased probability of exposure to certain variables demográfias and psychosocial skills, as well as introducing a variety of indexes clinícos with respect to the control group. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of us similarities and differences found in other English-speaking population and Spanish, both adult and infato-juvenil, making a series of conclusions.

Author: LÓPEZ HERRERO PAZ.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN Y HUMANIDADES. MELILLA.

Summary: In chapter of this Doctoral Thesis reviewed different perspective interpreting the development of the Theory of the Mind TM and highlights the aporximación of the human mind and social cognition. In Chapter II addresses the relationship between TM and the language is its emphasis on its causal connections as to the relevance of the different dimensions lingà ¼ isticas involved in the TM. Chapter III focuses on esquizofrenisa, specifically its definiciçón and diagnosis, in its size or sugtipos and formal thought disorder, and investigates whether it is a disorder of thought, language and communication. In chapter IV is undertaking the study of asociació between TM and schizophrenia, through the interpretation of their symptoms, or more explicitly, sorting into different groups of signs and symptoms, which can be seen after the performance of these patients in tereas TM. In Chapter V reviewed the various tasks used in the investigation of the TM and the results that, in them, get patients with schizophrenia. This chapter highlights particularly the involvement of schizophrenics in the false belief task of first and second order and on the evidence of mental verbs. In the later chapters (VI to IX) our claim is the general study of the TM inthe schizophrenia, which analyzes the designation and use schizophrenic ago that a group of different activities correspondientres a test of mental and verbs are compared your answers to those issued by a control group. The conclusions reached are categories in which they are grouped verbs are mentally. Input, meroría, processing and comprehensive. The control group manifested a profile of the use of verbs mental denotes a high level of maturity. Verbs further away from their respective categories in the control group as in the Clinical, are watching and thinking. Task Extensiva of Verbs Mentally designed allows us to consider organizing such activities or TM, even more accurately, that the stories of false beliefs. Mediation of IC and the difficulties Nuerológicas and Brain in carrying out our task of TM, but not only them, there other factors that also influence the solution of the test. The non-presence of difficulties in attention, verbal comprehension, knowledge lingüstico, concentration, memory long term and verbs of mental activity, and as a result, in a more successful. Compression and figures would be incomplete tests with greater weight in terms of didentificación its influence on the powers of TM. In fact, deficits in attention, concentration, social intelligence, memory and reasoning result in abnormalities in the language because of a wrong understanding and use of verbs mentally. The Cronicidad and Early onset of the disease have a wide range of shortcomings in the test verbs of mental activity. Patients with signs Negative, Positive Signs, Symptoms Paranoides / Symptoms of inaction not perform the task of verbs mental adecuademente. The schizophrenic with other less typical symptoms or Remission solucionana almost perfectly test extensively. Thus, the ability of awareness is a variable that is linked to the symptoms of patients. The great similarity observed between the control group and TM R0, WAISV O CRONI 0, INICIOT 0, SIGPOTV 0 AND OTROSSREM 1 in the distribution of activities in the coordinate axes leads us to conclude that such characteristics have an extensive influence on the proper settlement of our task of TM. These groups schizophrenic attributed significadores specific verbs mental and participate adequately in conversational exchanges transmitting abstract ideas or beliefs. Demonstrations our support for the proposition that where the Group Clinical joined several shortcomings, they ralacionan difficulties c 8 ognitiva 30b s, with a poor social functioning during childhood, with behavioral signs, chronicity, with the early commencement the disease, and they all generate that unemployment among schizophrenics in the test will be reduced. And his communication, especially when they have to talk about false beliefs and other mental states abstract, is very limited.

Author: RODRÍGUEZ RUIZ SONIA.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: Many have been those who have sought explanations of the causes of the imperative need to eat a specific food (craving) where the person intends to retain some control or auto-restricción on consumption (diet). Compensation of a nutritional deficit and / or avoidance of negative moods (negative reinforcement), seeking pleasurable sensations (positive reinforcement) or activation of the dopaminergic systems involved in motivation apetitiva (neural awareness) are some of the possible factors predisponnentes's thirst for food. Fewer have been proposals to be evaluated physiological responses before lunch and found their psychological meaning for people experiencing craving. This is the main objective of our research work. Knowing the mechanisms psicolfisiológicos involved in the yearning for food and study how they are modified by different conditions Triggers (deprivation of food and / or negative mood) in non clinical and subclinical with bulimia nervosa. To that end, we conducted four studies in which we follow the methodology modulation emotional reflexes defensive (Answer Heart of Defense and Reflection engine Sobresalto) through the display of images emotional proposed by the research groups of teacher Jaime Vila ( 2003) and Professor Peter J. Lang (1995). Also log to reply Conductance of the skin simultaneously and Variability Heart resting, and evaluate the subjective reactions to the images presented during emotional evidence psicofisilógica. The results found pointing to the existence of a conflict motivational approach avoidance by the simultaneous activation mechanism apetitivos and aversion to food. This simultaneity aproximación by the simultaneous activation mechanisms apetitivos and aversion to food. This simultaneity aproximación is deteminada by the state of food deprivation and mood in which encuenstra person. Moreover, the autonomous hiporreactividad before lunch found in women with bulimia, emotional close to a state of generalized anxiety, show poor autonomic and emotional regulation that characterizes women with bulimia. This shortfall of emotional regulation is reflected by a greater affection negative (anxiety and depression), and greater empowerment of defensive reflexes before lunch in women with bulimia and low variability heart. In conclusion, this study shows that there is a continuum that ranges from a state motivational non-pathological (craving for food) to the initiation and / or development of bulimia nervosa as well as precipitating factors involved in its evolution (restricción-emoción- craving-atracón). All this, thanks to the study of psychophysiological defensive reflexes and different human physiological indices of emotional regulation in non-clinical population, subclinical and clinical.

Author: LAGO GIJÓN ROSARIO.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DEMEDICINA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION Psiconeuroinmunología: interdisciplinary scientific field that investigates the interactions between the brain, the immune system and its clinical consequences. ANXIETY: emotional response, or pattern of responses including aspects cognitive, physiological and engines. The distinction between generalized anxiety. SYSTEM INMUNE: protein: inmunoglublinas, citokinas and protein supplement. Cells: granulocyte Monocytes / macrophages and lymphocytes By T. MELATONIN: hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland that is subject to regulation by the cycle luz-oscuridad. Power's response SI, and regulates brain activity. INTERLEUKINA-1: it has immunological properties and pro-inflamatorias. The inhibited by the glucocorticoid. NEUROPÉPTIDO-Y: works as endogenous anxiolytic agent that can combat the effects of stress. Objectives To assess the anxiety that can present patients seeking dental treatment, evaluate the behavior of SI, in patients with dental anxiety at the time of dental treatment, and how this affects the anxiety treatment. Confirm the importance to clinicians and patients have psychological intervention prior to facilitate the implementation and success of dental treatments in patients with anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied a population of 42 patients, of whom 26 were diagnosed with phobia specific dentral and generalized anxiety and 16 patients controls. We conducted an interview in which he collected personal data, medical history and dental care and drug treatment. Patients were diagnosed with specific dental phobia and generalized anxiety according to DSM-IV criteria. To determine levels of melatonin in saliva and NPY in plasma were used radioinmunoensayos (RIA). To determine the cortisol output used a luminescence immunoassay (LIA) and to determine the inteleukina-1 beta in plasma was performed enzimoinmunoensayo type sandwich (ELISA). To study the lymphocyte subpopulations using the flow cytometry. We applied test Studen and approximate WELCH. Pearson correlation coefficient and its test. Model prediction multiple regression step by step. RESULTS In our study, comparing control and experimental group displayed significantly lower in subjects experimental interleukin-1 beta. In the correlation between variables in the experimental group the more phobia dentral fewer total lymphocytes and CD8. The more Trait Anxiety less CD4/CD8 ratio and less CD8%. The more depressed more melatonin. The more NPY less salivary volume. By comparison between the experimental group mild and severe appearing NK significantly more bajasen subject experimental serious. In the correlation between variables in the experimental group severe, the more phobia dentral least CD8, CD8% and CD3%. The more Trait Anxiety less CD4/CD8 ratio, the older less cortisol and the older more melatonin. The more Trait Anxiety and depression over the more NPY less melatonin. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the results and discussion with others we can conclude that dental patients, suffering from anxiety, showing low concentrations of interleukin-1 beta which translates into a immunosuppression. Involvement of SI, resulting in a decrease of total lymphocytes, highlighting a decline in CD8. As aggravating table emotional are the CD3 the most affecting after you CD8. The cortisol has an inhibitory action on the IF, especially in the initial stages of the situations of anxiety and phobia dental, acting on concentrations of CD4/CD8 r 8 atio. The 500 N PY, in their efforts anxiolytic serving in sequence with melatonin, increasing their concentrations increase when levels of cortisol. The decline in CD3ç% is better explained by the increase in cortisol that by the rise of NPY, where maximum concentrations d elinterleukina-1 beta is not changed. We believe that melatonin plays, undoubtedly an important role in situations of depression on all its early stages, rewarding its stimulatory action on the IF, rather than its action anisolítica, which is in charge of NPY.

Author: GONZÁLEZ GUTIÉRREZ SALLY.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The problems of anxiety, the continued production of persistent anxiety represents a mechanism, ineffective, designed to prompt the body to reduce the danger of course is that activating the response anxiety. However, when the problem is not a real threat but a misperception or an exaggeration of the danger, the experience of anxiety is inappropriate to initiate remedial action. Therefore, if the hazard does not exist or is exaggerated, individuals have no way to stop it. The investigation of this work in two types of problems such as anxiety and fear specific social concerns addressed in a cross in two countries as Costa Rica and Spain. Among the objectives of this dissertation is a study of certain characteristics of the children's fears, figuring out the differences and similarities between the two countries earlier in boys and girls from 9 to 12 years, its relationship with certain characteristics temperamental as well as certain characteristics of parental education. The number of participants was 528 children of Costa Rica (255 males and 277 females) and 445 children from Spain (241 males and 204 females). Participants included 345 parents and 356 teachers from Costa Rica and 255 parents and 227 teachers from Spain. Several tools were developed specific parala research, as the "Social interaction Questionnaire for Children" (CISO-N), "Survey on childhood behavior for parents" (ENPAD) and the "Questionnaire for teachers" (ENPRO) and others were used already established as the "Questionnaire fears for children" (FSS-R; Ollendick, 1983) or the "Questionnaire on children's relationships" (Knight and Arjona, 1987). With respect to the results obtained, will highlight the continuing differences in both social and specific fears among boys and girls in Spain and Costa Rica, puntuando girls higher in anxiety that children in most cases. There were also a range of similarities and differences between participants of both countries. Moreover, we found no significant relationships between certain styles educational and fears of children, but had some respects temperamental relationship between childhood and the social behavior of children 9 to 12 years in Costa Rica. Similarly, there were significant relationships between the self-reported social behavior by children and the perception of parents on such conduct, but not in Spain. By contrast, none of the two countries were significant relationships between the social behavior of children and the perception that teachers had it. In conclusion we can draw new knowledge provided by this research in the field of children's fears, the differences and similarities between two countries with the same language, adequate knowledge of the parents of Costa Rica on the social behavior of their children (something missing in Spain) and the limited information from teachers on the social behavior of their students. In addition, this dissertation findings open new avenues for those who continue to investigate the children's fears.

Author: Tronchoni Ramos Mónica.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE PSICOLOGIA de la Universidad Valencia Estudi General y en Universidad de Oviedo.

Summary: Objectives: To assess the prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless population that acuede the shelter for passersby "Cano Kills" in Oviedo. In addition, determining the profile of SH, noting any changes due to the passage of time and the normal development of our society; differences SH groups according sociodemographic characteristics or transeuntismo and describe the differences between SH with trastonos mental and without mental disorders . Method: The sample trained 175 subjects SH from the shelter. The study was conducted in two phases: phase-screening: the subjects were given a questionnaire sociodemographic data, the GHQ-12, AUDIT (screening for alcohol problems) and DAST -10 (screening of drug problems). - Phase evaluation: those subjects who passed the point of cutting any of the first phase of questionnaires were administered the International Structured Interview (CIDI). Once the data obtained were performed statistical analysis relevant. Results: 84% of the sample were men, 40 years old, 60% were single, 27% are divorced or separated. About 80% were unemployed and 44% lived on begging. Only 28% had contact with his family during the three months prior to the interview, despite an 98% said they had family. The 42% took less than a year in the situation SH, and 65.7% were geographically mobile. The disorders were diagnosed more affective (42.3%), followed by psychotic (15.3%) and cognitive impairment (5.1%). We found statistically significant differences between variables sociodemagráficas and transeuntismo front of the variables related to pathology mental (psychiatric history and diagnostic CIE-10 ...) Discussion and Conclusions: It is a predominantly male population, where there is a serious social deficit, housing, and resources. Characterized by high geographic mobility that could be reduced through appropriate programs for finding jobs. In general, subjects with a history continue to maintain contact with the SSM. A 18.3% has been hospitalized in some UHP. The disorders are diagnosed more emotional, followed by psychotic and cognitive impairment. There is a higher proportion of women diagnosed. Pefil:-Man: unmarried or separated, 41 years, unrelated to the family. If pathology: affective disorder or psychotic. Juvenile DAST. - Women: unmarried, separated or married 36 years, it maintains relationship with the family, less than a year SH. If pathology: affective disorder. Mayor in DAST

Author: PERESA BELTRAN NOEMÍ.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The child sexual abuse has been considered one of the public health problems more serious than have to face society, and especially children and youth (MAcMillan, 1998). Studies confirm that sexual abuse is a much more widespread problem of the previously estimated, and even the lowest prevalence rates include a large number of victims. It is important to consider that the psycho-emotional impact that reaches sexual abuse occur in the victim will be mediated by different variables, including the d estacan the guilt and the perception of social support. This study aims to detect the prevalence of sexual abuse in university population and establish psychological symptoms in this type of victims, as opposed to that generated by other stressors and depending on the potential impact of mediating variables. The sample consists of 1,033 students (317 males and 716 females) between 18.0 and 30.6 years (M = 21.71; DT = 2.63), belonging to different colleges and affiliated centers at the University of Barcelona. Questionnaires were applied; A-Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1993), which evaluates nine dimensions psicopatológicos symptoms. B-Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Grace, Herrero, and Musitu, 2002), designed to evaluate the network of support and the support received. C-Traumatic life Events Questionanire (Kubany and Haynes, 2001), which assesses the experience of 22 events potentially traumatic, notably child sexual abuse. D-Distressing Event Questionnaire (Kubany, 2001) that evaluates the typical symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. E-Related Guilt and Trauma Inventory (Kubany and Haynes, 2001), focusing on the evaluation of feeling culpal. A 92.3% of the students (93.4% of the securities and 91.8% of women) said they had experienced at least one stressful event over their lives, with men who showed a greater number in stressful events. The experience of sexual abuse was highlighted by a 15.5% of men and 19% of women, 17.9% of the studied sample, 14.9% of them before the 13 years and 3% between 13 and 18 years. The victims of child sexual abuse have a higher level of symptoms that victims of other stressful events. Regarding post-traumatic symptoms wing, the events described in interpersonal violence, highlighting the experience of child sexual abuse, offer the highest in all the criteria of disorder stress psotraumático. In relation to the perception of social support, there have been no significant differences between sexes or between different stressors. The victims of child sexual abuse are those with higher scores on all scales of the blame, especially in the area of cognitive this sentiment. The model of relationship between stressful events, perceived social support, guilt and consequences psychopathological shows that the experience of sexual abuse in childhood is different from the experience of other traumatic events, introducing the victims of sexual abuse a significant higher level of discomfort . However, the contrast between the models applied to victims of sexual abuse in children and victims of other traumatic events indicates that, to a qualitatively new level, the variables involved in the experience of child sexual abuse or other trauma maintain the same relationships. In conclusion, child sexual abuse is a frequent phenomenon in our society, as this blecía smith (1994), even in samples that initially can be considered resistant, as are university students. Sexual abuse is one of the stressful events cause of a greater degree of psychological discomfort gene 8-eral if 3cb ntomatología trauma and guilt. Something important is that the variables involved in the development of sintomalogía in such victims maintain the same relationships that traumatic events in the death of a loved one and interpersonal violence.

Author: LOPEZ DE ARROYABE CASTILLO MARIA ELENA.
Year: 2005.
University: DEUSTO [www.deusto.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: The term acquired brain injury means any injury caused on a previously developed brain, regardless of the source of causation: traumatic, vascular tumor, infectious .. The annual incidence of brain injury is continuously growing due to the increased effectiveness of critical care and resuscitation in UCIs, a problem prevalent and health along with mental illness is the biggest challenge for the future of care in this beginning of the century. The model of comprehensive rehabilitation should streamline a flexible supply of health and social benefits, including the family as much as the patient himself. Among the various disciplines, Psychology and Rehabilitation, is facing many difficulties. With the increased control of health spending, and according to the forecasts of services do not cover the potential defendants, the rehabilitation process is becoming less holistic, it is used less time with each patient, leaving part delos priority objectives of rehabilitation , the psychological needs of the affected family. The adjustments necessary for the proper functioning of families after a brain injury of not tend to take place until after five to ten years, indicating the need for a long-term perspective in terms of the possibilities for assistance and support to families. "To the extent that the treatments are shortened, and the affected families are more vulnerable than ever to be discharged at any stage, without being ill-prepared or the future" (Hosack and Rocchio, 1995). The combination of short-term treatment and reduced attention to the relatives questioned the model of comprehensive rehabilitation. Two of the main factors involved in the process of adjustment and acceptance of family: * The complex stressors family, the most destructive are the changes cognitive and personality of the person concerned. (The relatives described the hit as a stranger and tend to be the subject of the frustration of the patient and receive verbal abuse and physical abuse). This feature is not so drastic in other pathologies. * The family must make a double effort: leaving the son, husband, brother, who had before and to accept now. Establish mourning. This feature is not so dramatically in other pathologies. The characteristics of the family have been insufficiently studied. The findings of existing studies recommend: identify time periods and phases in which certain needs arise and distress; plan thus appropriate interventions. And suggest that meeting the needs of the family are promoted better high for those affected. The objective of this research is to define the impact of brain injury acquired in families, identifying factors associated with stress and coping and compare that group with families of deceased persons. The needs analysis and answers relatives can guide the development of new programs, closer to reality.

Author: ARRIETA RODRÍGUEZ MARTA.
Year: 2005.
University: DEUSTO [www.deusto.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: This dissertation seeks to assess the clinical profile of cognitive impairment and psychosocial skills in a sample of persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and its relationship with different socio-demographic and clinical variables. It also aims to assess the influence of the variables in the prior psychosocial rehabilitation process and its success. The sample of patients studied was composed of all those associated to a Center for Psychosocial Rehabilitation belonging to the Network of Mental Health funded by the government of Cantabria. It was picked up for two years all cases that met inclusion criteria (n = 69) and were referred to the program derived from both Network Mental Health Services of Cantabria and the two Psychiatric Hospitals in the region. The dependent variables were obtained through the referral report, a semi-structured interview, and standardized instruments and different scales of observation and recording. The socio-demographic variables and some of the clinical variables identified in the initial interview and report by the diversion psychiatrist reference. These measures helped assess the baseline and plan intervention. The assessment at discharge were applied these same instruments except for the scale of Positive and Negative Syndrome of Schizophrenia. The total sample was subjected to a standardized process and simultaneously cognitive rehabilitation and training in social skills. The working methodology was based primarily on the identification of goals, their prioritization, graduation and periodic evaluation applied techniques derived from the Theory of Social Learning, changes in behavior and social intervention (modeling, role-playing, feedback, positive reinforcement, therapeutic interaction, strengthening social building exercises at home, training and exercises preheat generalization). Statistical analysis of data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies "version 6.1 for Windows. SPSS Inc., 1994. The relationship between variables was established through the coefficient Perason. Comparison of measures, both in independent samples as repeated measures were conducted using the Statistical t Student-Fisher. With regard to the qualitative variables for the comparison of repeated measures was used test Macnemar. In the remaining cases, we used the test x2 the Fisher exact test, as appropriate. The significance level of 5% was chosen, ie always rejected the null hypothesis that p less 0.05.

Author: FUSTER CASTELL M. PIETAT.
Year: 2005.
University: RAMÓN LLULL [www.url.edu].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA COMUNICACIÓN Y DEL DEPORTE BLANQUERNA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN Y DEL DEPORTE BLANQUERNA.

Author: CABEDO BARBER Ma.. ELENA.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: The behavioral conceptualizations of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have been enriched in recent decades by cognitive formulations. It has led to the proposal of cognitive therapy to deal with the disorder, for which there is little evidence effectively at present. The objectives of this work were: 1-Estudiar the effectiveness of Exposure Prevention Response (EPR) for the TOC in symptomatology obsesivo-compulsiva, symptoms associated variables metacognitive (valuations, beliefs and control strategies) and percentage of patients recovered and improved, both in the short and long term. 2-Examine the effectiveness of the Cognitive Therapy Specific (TEC) for the TOC in these same variables in the short and long term. 3-To compare the effectiveness of the two procedures in these same variables for all patients. 4-To compare the effectiveness of the two procedures in these same variables for subtypes of OCD. 5-examine the additional benefit provided by the application of alternative procedure to those who had not recovered from the first. 6-Consider differences in the changes obtained among patients most and least improved. To do so, were randomly assigned (but with the constant variable rate TOC in each group), 32 patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD to the conditions of RPA or TEC. If its application is not a given patient recovers (down> 6 points in the Y-BOCS + final score? 7) was then applied to the alternative status. All patients were evaluated in post-tratamientos and 3, 6 and 12 months of completion. The results show that the TEC is at least as effective as the RPA for treating OCD, with a slight advantage for the first respect to the second (66.6% of patients recovered versus 61.5%). This advantage increases in the case of patients with obsessions autógenas (obsessive cigars): 100% recovered from a stable with TEC. It also obtain indicators of cognitive more global changes following the implementation of the TEC and that both valuations and dysfunctional beliefs and certain strategies are factors in maintaining the disorder. Since they had hipotetizado a specific cognitive Treatment for OCD, which changed the ratings and dysfunctional beliefs that patients remain on their obsessions, would lead to a decrease in anxiety associated with them and as a result would have implications in abandoning strategies coping counterproductive, breaking the vicious cycle that keeps the disorder.

Author: Carlson Aburto Janina Monica.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Universidad de Barcelona.
Place of preparation: Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona.

Summary: The study of the quality of life (CV) schizophrenia currently trying to understand the everyday subjects afflicted by this disorder, trying to make interventions dignififquen their reality and allow in turn evaluate the services provided to these patients. The objective of this study was longitudinally and transversely the relationship between satisfaction with the VC and their domains, with a number of socio-demographic variables, the use of services, clinical and psychosocial in patients with schizophrenia living in the community, attending 5 network centers mental health in Catalonia. Finally Getting a model estadísitco predictive of the VC after 7 years in order to know that variablesinterviene in improving or worsening of the VC. The sample consisted of 195 subjects with schizophrenia those who were given a series of reviews: clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire. Quality of Life Questionnaire (SLDS) Needs Assessment Questionnaire (CAN), Operation Global Scale (GAF) Scale Disability WHO (DBS; WHO-DASsv) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Syndromes of schizophrenia tend feeling satisfied with your CV, being domains VC evaluating more negative health, leisure and situaicón económica.Las sociodemographic variables and use of services not related to the VC, except the labor situation "active". Satisfaction with the VC is inversely and significantly related to: the agravedad psicopatológica, negative symptoms, depressive, excitativa and disorganized disabilities, elnúmero of unmet need to patient and professional. And directly with the level of overall operations. After 7 years, the presence of negative symptoms, depressive and elnúmero of unmet need from the user's perspective negatively affect satisfaction with the VC.

Author: Carrera Guermeur Olaia.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Psicología.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Psicología.

Summary: The anorexia nervosa is a serious disorder that affects 0.3% of women in the period of life between adolescence and adulthood. The onset of the disease is associated with highly stressful events often nonspecific, but now, the cause is unknown and there is no drug or psychological treatment that have proven effective for anorexia nervosa. The search for risk factors is a promising line of research in the study of this disorder, as it would explain why only some people develop this condition while most are relatively immune. One of the risk factors studied most is the quality of the bond of attachment in childhood and its long-term consequences. However, studies to date examining the anorexia nervosa from the perspective of attachment in humans have proved confusing and contradictory. This lack of clarity led us to begin consideration of this relationship in the laboratory animal. This decision was facilitated by the existence of solid animal models for the study of early experiences in rats, as for the study of anorexia nervosa. On the one hand, it is known that the experimental manipulations early interactions madre-cría have effects that persist over the life cycle of the animal. Maternal brief periods of separation, in which the Rat pups are separated from their mothers for 15 minutes daily for the first 21 days of life -handling- have beneficial effects on the ability of animals to face stressful situations as compared to periods maternal prolonged separation or absence of handling. Moreover, there is a procedure that is known under the name of Anorexia Based on Activity (ABA), which has been proposed as analogue of anorexia nervosa in humans. ABA is an experimental procedure that is extremely stressful to restrict access to food and providing access to a wheel of activity, conditions under which animals are increasingly showing a gradual weight loss and are not able to improve daily intake of food enough to compensate for the weight loss. Thus, the goal of our research is focused on the study of the effect of tampering with the early experiences in adult rats subjected to a double condition: the restriction of food and free access to a wheel of activity. In the first study comparing the performance of rats handled (H) rats no-handled (NH) in the ABA procedure. The results pointed to a better performance of H animals, which was reflected in a smaller loss of body weight in the case of males, and greater survival of females H. In a second study, introduced a third group of rats subjected to a prolonged maternal separation of 3 hours a day during childhood (S group), handling proposal as a model for child abandonment. Imprevisiblemente, females S survived significantly more days in the ABA procedure that females NH. This resulted in a third study, in which we sought to explore the effects of different treatments in neonatal stress conditions more moderate reflecting the ABA conventional procedure, thereby eliminating the condition restricting food. Under these conditions, H females increased their intake more quickly than the other two groups. In conclusion, on the one hand this thesis has provided new data with regard to the prolonged maternal separation as a model of resiliency in situations of severe stress, and on the other hand suggests that the type of stress used to evaluate the rat 8 as adult 2e8 as it can be a crucial time to demonstrate the existence of an effect associated with a handling child.

Author: GARCIA RODRIGUEZ OLAYA.
Year: 2006.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: According to the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Spain, along with Britain, is the country with rates highest cocaine use. At the same time, demand for treatment for cocaine abuse has increased so very important in our country in recent years. For this reason, development and dissemination of effective treatments for cocaine addiction is a public health priority in Spain and the rest of Europe. The Program for Strengthening Community (ARC) plus incentives is a treatment developed by Higgins and his team, as an effective method of dealing with cocaine dependence in outpatient settings. However, all the successful clinical studies that have been published so far have been llevdos place in the United States, it would be of great interest to analyze the operation of this program in a social and cultural reality different from that páis. The primary objectives of this research are: (1) analyze the effectiveness (abstention cocaine and retention) of the CRA more incentives in a community in Spain, (2) analyze the feasibility of financing incentive program for addicted to cocaine , through public and private donations, (3) evaluate the efficiency of the program (cost) and (4) analyze the effect of certain individual variables on the retention and use of cocaine. The study sample was drawn at random from all patients who came to two centers of Man Project (Asturias and Madrid) for his problems with cocaine. Patients (N-96) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: standard treatment, I CRA CRA more incentives more incentives II. Patients of these three groups received incentives troops to abstinence from cocaine with two different magnitudes. The results showed that the program of standard therapy, 36.5% of patients completed six months of treatment, compared with 53.3% of patients in group I and CRA more incentives to 69% of lospacientes of program incentives II. The CRA more incentives exceeded the standard treatment in the number of patients who achieved continuous abstinence during treatment. After six months of treatment, 21.2% of subjects remained abstinente of standard treatment, compared to 33.3% of the group CRA more incentives the 37.9% of I and group II more incentives. In conclusion, we can say that the program CRA more incentive therapy can be an effective and viable strategy in natural contexts, and that this model can be generalizable outside the United States, since the results inicales show efficacy rates similar to those enontradas in the original studies, relaizados beyond our páis.

Author: MATILLA DÍEZ KEPA.
Year: 2006.
University: BURGOS [www.ubu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: This thesis aims to madness. It is a study of the evolution of the development of the concept of psychosis, their meanings, their classification and the different forms that comprise it. The tour has been conducted since its inception with Feuchtersleben in 1845, through an analysis of the various terms that preceded it, until Freud, first author who framed the madness inside a theory psicopatológica. This theory not only allowed to provide some light on the problem of psychosis, but it had a powerful therapeutic implications. For this reason, we study in detail the various versions of the model of madness in Freud. The main contribution of psychiatry nineteenth century was the high accuracy of classifications and the detailed description of the different forms of madness. It was established with the foundation for a fundamental question in the clinic: What difference madness of the "normality"? Freud, taking on the great legacy of the so-called "classical psychiatry," knew implement listening to the madness in the same way as it had done in the hysteria. Only in this way was able to explain to the tragedy of the subjective experience of the psychosis-margin any biological determinism that the subject padezca- and provides the clinician with a tool of the first order in the field of cure. Indeed, Freud makes a distinction quite clear that has not been taken into account in all its consequences: being as an object of concern to the medicine from being as a subject does psychoanalysis. The subject is being spoken (parlêtre or hablanteser, according to Lacan) and arises from all the setbacks, biological or environmental, by word. The subject is one that does what it is, which makes its decisions on, and despite, that he has touched. Something which of course does not allow to be dumped in any reductionism. The dominance that Freud gave paranoia compared with schizophrenia as a form of psychosis par excellence, also blends with the dominance that gives psychoanalysis to the subject in front of the object: the paranoia was always crazy part (or monomania according Esquirol) so that in the same subject madness and reason could coexist. This idea collide with the notion of "mental illness", which by that time had begun to settle. In this notion, the very idea of illness prevented the development of such coexistence between madness and reason. The idea was delirious caused by the disease, the subject of medicine, affecting completely sick. Freud, however, maintained that the focus idea delirious, madness, on one or multiple objects (monomania), could perhaps allow the subject, some stabilization (as seen in the study knew the famous case of President Paul Schreber ). Freud builds then, in the different solutions that can bring the subject. You need to be listening to the speech.