EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Author: LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ M. LUISA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The genesis of this thesis, reference should be made to the self-help vocational SAV-Ry when, in the years to 90.91 or 96, leaving the student in a position to use the information and knowledge that he had succeeded with his work in them .., in the manner deemed most convenient. That is, .., helped only up to that point. But the underlying idea, as you know, these systems was to facilitate the next step: the decision-making process justified by the same advisory followed by the student and this is the content of this investigation. Most decisions on Systems Help and Advice Vocational (SAV-Ry SAVI-2000). Proposal and validation of a model vocational decision. It presents structured in two parts: Part I: Rationale theoretical and Part II: Experimental / Applied. The first part is a theoretical positioning of the implications of the conduct vocational as part of the socialization process for a party, and secondly, in the terms of technical assistance that involves counseling. It describes the approach Conductual-Cognitivo in which are embedded systems self-help and this linkage is warranted. It explores the decision-making process, from the contributions of the theory of human decision and refers to psychological process to be mobilized, vocational counseling: likewise, is revising the student's psychological development in the areas that affect the conduct vocational: thinking, the knowledge of yourself, identity and self-efficacy, and finally, developing vocations. The second part, Experimental / Applied Data were obtained from five studies: Study 1: Indicators relevant to the decision-making career in SAV-R Its purpose, debug indicators vocational results from previous investigations. Study 2: Advice SAV-R: differential behavior of the indicators vocational courses from a vocational counseling approach consistent with the self-help materials SAV-R (96). The sample of work, which contains all the variables and complete data, is 354 students. Data on indicators suggests the proposal of a model Decision Making Vocacinales (MTDV). Study 3: Proposal and Validation of a Model Vocational Decision Making (MTDV) is to study the internal validity, predictive validity and concurrent with the lowest SAVI-2000. Study 4: Beliefs or prior ideas of professionals and students of psychology on the decision-making process in vocational counseling. STUDY 5: Contributions to vocational counseling. CONCLUSIONS was found that the indicators are essentially cognitive, vocational constructs, which are listed as major variables inthe decision-making, superandon the influence of variables that are based on the achievements of the external behavior of vocations. Among the latter, it is found that the limited role played by school achievements, school preferences evaluated as indicators of motivation, and seen again, once again, low power differential playing skills or basic skills for the study. It is on record of the role vocational Development Indicators: Intensity and consistency. The Decision Making Model Vocational (MTDV), integrates the results of reviews ...

Author: PONS GIMENO FERRAN.
Year: 2003.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: During the second half of the first year of life, the phonetics of babies will specialize and form depending on the environment lingüstico it. One of the most influential theories on the mechanisms underlying this perceptive reorganization during the first year of life is the theoretical Margnet of Native Language (Kuhl, 1991, 1995, 2000). It is suggested that the prototype categories phonetic exercise of the native language of magnets and attract members of the class to them, thus modifying the perceptual space of the subject (perceptual effect magnet). Of particular relevance to this work is that it is postulated that this effect is specific to the human being. In a series of 6 experiments explored the phenomenon of categorization phonetics in rats, and more specifically the effect magnet perceptive. In experiments 1 to 4 was observed that the effect is a magnet perceptual phenomenon associative dependent on previous experience, and that is not specific to the human being. By giving the animals a chance to listen to sound stimuli previously, they showed in the test phase a pattern equal to the effect obtained sise submit magnet perceptive, ie less discriminating between the prototype and copies around you. Experiments 5 and 6 showed that the rats were able to extract information vocálica word speech naturally produced by different broadcasters. The degree of precision in the formation of these categories phonetic appears to be quite high because the animals discriminated perfectly contrasts between vowel in the nearby space in vocálico.

Author: HEVIA ABUIN M. DOLORES DE.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGҍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: This thesis aims to determine the role that desempeÃÂ ± to informaciÃÂ ³ n numÃÂ © rich in representaciÃÂ ³ n space by 10 experiments conducted on healthy adult subjects. Recent cognitive models postulated that the representaciÃÂ ³ n semÃÂ ¡ntica of nÃÂ fourth is mere nature of space (Dehaene, 1992). Based on the effect SNARC (Dehaene et al., 1993; Fias et al., 1996) that representaciÃÂ ³ n is conceptualized as portions variables activaciÃÂ ³ n along a lÃÂnea numÃÂ © oriented rich from left to right. In capÃÂtulo 4 shows that the presence of bias space in the task of bisecciÃÂ charges of estÃÂmulos emerge under prosecution of a contrasting figures, but ÃÂ eighth Only when offset bias estÃÂ ¡standard to the left (pseudonegligencia). This effect numÃÂ © rich is interpreted tÃÂ © rminos a ilusiÃÂ ³ n "cognitive": spatial biases toward nÃÂ fourth largest mere occur as a result of the expansiÃÂ ³ n ipsilateral to the side of estÃÂmulo containing informaciÃÂ ³ n numÃÂ © richly enhanced. In capÃÂtulo 5 uses a new paradigm of reproducciÃÂ ³ n lengths bounded by two nÃÂ º meros: the presence of overestimates and underestimates suggests modulaciÃÂ charges of representaciÃÂ ³ n mental state of extensiÃÂ ³ n real-estÃÂmulos as a result of processing the absolute magnitude numÃÂ © rich - large pequeÃÂ ± a, respectively. The influence numÃÂ © rich in representaciÃÂ ³ n space emerges in a position, both access implÃÂcito as access explÃÂcito to informaciÃÂ charges of magnitude. In chapter 6 is used with the task of bisecciÃÂ ³ n Mental an interval numÃÂ © rich; anÃÂ ¡lisis quantitative and qualitative put into discusiÃÂ ³ No one interpretaciÃÂ charges of results in tÃÂ © rminos space, and therefore that the task evalÃÂ eighth and directly lÃÂnea numÃÂ © rich mentally. In general, the experiments support the hipÃÂ ³ tesis de la representaciÃÂ ³ n space of the magnitude numÃÂ © rich (Dehaene et al., 2003), but not in the form of "lÃÂnea numÃÂ © rich mentally."

Author: PERIAÑEZ MORALES JOSÉ ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: Current models of human cognition raises the distinction between two cognitive control mechanisms, which can be measured using various experimental paradigms (paradigms distraction and spatial orientation of care), and whose substrates neuroanatómicos involve brain partially segregated networks. The network fronto-parietal dorsal be involved in the mechanisms of top-down control over the direction of voluntary care in space. The network fronto-parietal ventral would be involved in the control mechanisms or involuntary bottom during the occurrence of distraction. However, recent evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological paradigms of "changing task" have revealed that there is a substantial overlap between the brain areas involved in processing distracting novel, and those areas responsible for the processing of stimuli that induce changes family the task. The answer electrical brain evoked potentials called component P3a would be the highest representative of the activation of this network. The purpose of this study was to describe the research correlates neuroanatómicos change task to confirm the existence of such overlap. The second objective was to clarify the type of operations that might explain the cognitive activation of this network in both circumstances. In the first experiment, the great sensitivity space in the technique of magnetoencephalography to the rapid changes in the activity of the brain, allowing describe the involvement of a network fronto-parietal ventral during the change of job in which structures such as circunvolución inferior frontal (100-300 ms), the cingulate earlier (200-300 and 400-500 ms) and circunvolución supramarginal (300-400 and 500-600 ms). In the second experiment, measurement of changes in brain electrical activity in response to signals for a paradigm change task and a task similar control but unchanged, allowed to associate modulation component P3a to control processes top down-referenced in the theoretical models on changing task. The joint consideration of these results shows the involvement of a network responsible for ventral fronto-parietal brain mechanisms associated with the reconfiguration of care intentional changes in response to the demands of the new environment. Key Words: Cognitive control P3a, Prefrontal cortex, task switching, Top-down.

Author: CAMPO MARTÍNEZ LAGE PABLO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIV COMPLUTENSE.

Summary: It is clearly adaptive maintain recent available information that might be relevant to the conduct of any conduct. It is what we call operational memory and could define a system that holds interactive components as well as information acquired recently reactivated and stored material, both verbal and nonverbal, so it is available for a mayor.procesamiento. The structures comprising the RTM have been implicated in the memory for more than 100 years (von Bechterew, 1900). The experimental research on animals and human studies with neuropsychological (1v1eunier et al., 1993; Munay and Mishkin, 1984; Scoville and Milner, 1957), Ymás recent data obtained using functional neuroimaging techniques have shown a consistent manner the contribution the RTM to the formation and retrieval of information in the MLP (Fletcher et al 2003; Greicius et aL, 2003; Kapur et aL, 1994; Kelley et aL, 1998; Martin, 1999; Papanicolaou et al., 2002; Saykin et al 1999). While the role of the RTM in the MLP is clearly established, has traditionally been considered invalid its participation in the 110 (, -Álvarez-Royo et al., 1992; Zola-Morgan et aL, 1991). This difference has been used as evidence to support the existence of two different memory systems: the MLP MO. However, a large number of neurophysiological studies on animals (especially monkeys, but also with rats), have made substantial progress in identifying patterns of neural activity underlying various forms of MO as well as various forms of MLP. These studies have found that the structures comprising the RTM are active during tasks 1de MO (Davachi and Goldman-Rakic, 2001; Deadwyler et aL, 1996; Friedman and Goldman-Rakic, 1988; Hampson et aL, 1999; Holscher and Rolls , 2002; Kesner, 2000; Lee and Kesner, 2002; Suzuki et aL, 1997; Sybirska et aL, 2000; Wiebe and Staubli, 1999). Moreover, lesion studies have shown that the participation of the RTM is relevant to the execution of tasks MO (Cho and Jaffard, 1994; Horel, 1994; Kesner and Rolls, 2001; Lee and Kesner, 2003; Olton and popes, 1979; Ringo, 1993). It might therefore think that the neural networks that sustain MO and the MLP are merely variations on a common theme (Suzuki, 1999). From the field of cognitive psychology a vision originally proposed by Norman (Norman 1968) has questioned a strict differentiation between 110 and MLP. Subsequently, as the authors Cowan (1984, 1988, 1995,1999,2001), Ymás recently a group of researchers relevant (Crowder, 1993; Engle et al., 1999; Ericsson and Kintsch, 1995; Lovett et aL, 1999; Naime, 2002), believe that the MO consists largely on the representations activated from the MLP, emphasizing (Engle et al., 1999; O'Reilly et al., 1999) that the MO relates to the information enabled through processing controlled. Also from the neurophysiology (Fuster, 1995.2000; Ruschkin et al 2003; Suzuki, 1999) has been proposed that there is a greater overlap between the two systems, both of neural functioning and organization. Specifically, these inputs believe that the information contained in warehouses (neural networks) in the long run provide the basis necessary for the representational MO. From this perspective should not, therefore, need to propose specialized neural systems whose functions are limited to the MO or MLP. Lastly, we have to emphasize approaches to the issue from the models neurocomputacionales, because there are various models that incorporate the hippocampus in the networks of the MO or proposed closer relationship between MO and MLP (Hasselmo McClelland, 1999; Kesner et aL , 2000; Mencl et al 2000; O'Reilly et aL, 1999; Oulasvirta and Saariluoma, 2004; Ranganath et aL, 2002). In the latest years (most jobs are concentrated in the period 1999-2004), a series of studies electrofisiolÓgicos and functional neuroimaging have encorder 8 ntrado to 1b58 ctivación hippocampal and structures. Adjacent in the brains of patients and healthy subjects while performing tasks MO, generating a controversy very interesting. This activation has been observed using delay intervals ranging from 1 second (Curtis et aL, 2000; Ha. '(By et aL, 1995) until 15 seconds (Elliott and Dolan, 1999). Although traditionally the study of the period MO maintenance, MO is not a unitary construct. involves various processes which can be divided into phases' cognitive have different requirements: coding, maintenance and recovery (Croize et al., 2004; Munk et al., 2002; Ranganath et aL, 2004 b; Suzuki et al., 1997; Wiebe and Staubli, 1999). Relevance of the coding phase in the implementation of tasks MO has been shown by researchers devoted to the study of this function in animals (Suzuki et al. , 1997; Wiebe and Staubli, 1999). From the perspective of psicolob MORE Ía cognitive Cowan (1988, 1995, 1999.2001) YNairne (2002) have proposed a more continuous relationship between MO and MLP, emphasizing the importance of codification. "well, the encoding of information in the guided consist at least in part, on the activation of structures or appropriate representations of the MLP. crucial role of the codification process has also been highlighted by specific neural models and computational (Gisiger et aL, in press; O'Reilly et aL, 1999; Oulasvitta and Saariluoma, 2004). addition, certain models neurophysiological (Kesner and Rolls, 2001) and computational (Mencl et al., 2000; O'Reilly et aL , 1999) attributed a crucial role d.el hippocampus and related structures in MO at this stage of information processing. Lastly, those functional neuroimaging studies that have been able to differentiate the observed activity during different periods of the tasks of 110 proposals, seem to agree find activation during encoding (Head et al., 2004; Head et aL, 2002; Monk et al., 2002; Ranganath et al. 2004a; Ranganath et aL, 2004b; Ranganath yD'Esposito , 2001; Tesche and Karhu, 2000; Wang et aL, 2000). Despite all these precedents, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the process of consolidation in the MO. This paper aims to clarify the issue of whether the RThI is involved in the process of codifying the MO. order to carry out this study will use a technique such as neuroimaging MEG bringing together a good spatial resolution with an excellent temporal resolution that will allow us to analyze and accurately! Course temporary activation the structures involved in the encoding process. Taken as a whole, the data collected over the experiments lead us to conclude that consolidation in the 110 is done through a vast neural network, which is not restrinbuida to neocorteza but 4ue includes the RTIL The finding that the codification in the MO selectively increases the pattern of activation of the RTJI not sÓlo emphasizes the importance of this structure in the MO, but 4ue reveals a circuit that is very similar to 4 ue plays a decisive role in formaciÓn and recovery of the MLP. Therefore, a neural level, the process of consolidation in the MO and the IILP takes place through! same mechanism. is the close interaction between functional areas and sensory multimodal the cortex later, and areas most dynamic and flexible frontal cortex, responsible for executive functions, the underlying e! process codificaciÓn. Aun4ue remains to be seen what the nature of the contribuciÓn certainly very active in the RThI to the iIO, the results obtained in this study, as well as those of studies 4ue we have reviewed suggest the need for replanted the notion of 4ue the MO and the MLP are independent neural level. however, a fundamental question arises: Do you How is related, if it does so, the activity 4ue have described in the MO during the codification of! MO MLP with the functions of this brain region? We seem plausible, the proposal has been made from different perspectives (Cowan , 1995, 1999; Fuster, 1995, 2000, 2003; Nairne, 2002; Engle et al., 1999; Ruschkin et aL, 2003), yue suggests that the encoding of information in the MO is performed partly by activating Performances the MLP appropriate. would therefore consistent with this conception interpret the activation of the RThI as the door oe! access to the contents stored in the MLP. however, we believe that the results do not allow us to arrive at this conclusion. We opt for a more conservative and appropriate set of experiments we have done. Thus, our results imply to the MO in the processes and operation of an extensive system of MO, and indicates that the prefrontal cortex as the RTM implemented Functions that are reyueridas in e! encoding process, both in tasks MO as MLP. It is possible that the activation of the RTM not correlate directly with a distinction between system-level MO and MLP, the same way that neither does the activation of prefrontal cortex, but they are, noting the involvement of processes required for these or other cognitive functions. We prefer to suggest that the prefrontal cortex and the RTM play a complementary role in the process of consolidation in the MO COmOen the MLP. Thus, the regions prefrontales would be crucial for the selection and activation of the relevant information stored on networks memory hipocampo-corticales (Ranganath yD'Esposito, 2001). example, the same pattern of neural activity used during reports duran seconds (MO), can also be used for memories that last hours or more (MLP). Hint to this effect is provided by a recent study (Lee and Kesner, 2003), in which the authors describe how, initially, RTM the prefrontal cortex and process information in parallel during the short memory, but when it exceeds a certain time range, the share of the RTM is most prevalent.

Author: LIVACIC ROJAS PABLO ESTEBAN.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO.

Summary: The aim of the doctoral thesis was to evaluate the power and robustness of a series of new procedures for analyzing data on repeated measures designs through three experiments Monte Carlo simulation. In the first experiment was to study the robustness, which handled the four variables: sample size, structure matrix dispersion, the relationship between class size and dispersion of the matrix and the shape of the distribution . In the second experiment, we studied the power, which, in addition to the four above variables, it also manipulated the size of the coefficient of variation sample and the pattern configuration steps. In the third experiment, we studied the selection of structures variance underlying data, which is the criterion used for selecting Akaike. KEY WORDS: Estimate robust, power, covariance structure and criterion for selecting Akaike.

Author: HERNÁNDEZ HERNÁNDEZ ELENA.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE.

Summary: This thesis we can divide them into several sections: 1-Approximation to the basic processes that influence the behavior and motor Behavioral methods used for their understanding. 2, - Analyze the various concepts that have the skills and in this case a skill as is the lock open in volleyball. Performing a thorough review of the characteristics and factors influencing this type of motor skills. 3, Collect-processing systems for the information he ofr3ece engineering, saw the subject as servosistema, explaining the process undertaken by the subject when it receives information during motor behavior. Taking into account the action of blocking volleyball and focus on the process prior to the execution of such skills. Anticipation has an important role in this process perceptive. 4-Insight into the study of behavior engine through the records of the response reaction, including the relevant studies to support the work. 5-It then proceeds to the problem statement listing assumptions and goals they hope to reach in two phases: * The first phase devoted to the analysis of movement placed through various techniques fotogramétricas for preíndices subsequently formed the information provided the athletes. * The second phase of the investigation, was the start of training on the preíndices of colocadora that can help advance the placement through the automated system. 6 - The results appear in a descriptive and divided according to belong to the temporary variables or techniques. Following are some of the findings of factorial design. Finally there has been a descriptive study of aciertos-errores obtained by each of the players, and dela frequency with which applicants receive information or not their performance. 7 - In the discussion, we can identify: 1Â fourth - There are significant improvements in the response reaction. 2 Â °, - The training was positive for progress in learning. 3 Â °, - can appreciate differences in the response time with respect to variables techniques, colocadora and type of placement. 4 Â eighth - There are differences in learning at the individual level. 5 Â eighth-learning is retained by the players for some time. 6 Â eighth-Improvements of the times caused by the training does not increase the error rate. 7 Â eighth-feedback autoadminstrado proves its validity. 8 - The future avenues of research. 9-References closer to work.

Author: ROMERO MORENO ANTONIO FRANCISCO.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: This thesis aims to analyze the allocation made by psychotherapists on the factors responsible for the cure in the psychotherapeutic process, in the sense whether it assigned responsibility lies with the specific variables of psychotherapy (especially the approach and techniques used) or on the so-called common factors (variables patient, the therapist and the relationship terapeuta-paciente). To this end, and having conducted an extensive review of previous research in psychotherapy, is a comprehensive analysis of the responses of a population of psychotherapists to a questionnaire created ad hoc, in order to verify to what extent the conclusions it now is the processes and results of research to date (namely psychotherapy has proven to be effective: different psychotherapeutic models are similarly effective, the cause of this effect should be comparable to what they have in common rather than what psychotherapies that makes them different these is the shared common factors rather than specific variables that differentiate them) have served to modify, or not, the general feeling among psychotherapists that the main factor responsible for the cure is mainly due the technique, which he saw as a variable specific. Among the main conclusions reached, it should be noted that one can not lower a clear positioning on the part of therapists to the specific factors or common as the main responsible for the therapeutic change. Also considered, and a significant majority, that the different psychotherapeutic models do not have similar effectiveness. They appear well discrepancies between the conclusions it has come from research on psychotherapy and what was said by therapists studied. It proposes courses of action and lines of inquiry to follow.

Author: GARCÍA VERGARA FRANCISCA BELÉN.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.

Summary: Acid gammahidroxibutírico (GHB) is a metabolite of GABA that meets the main criteria to be considered as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulador. The objective of this study was to examine whether the administration prolonged doses of GHB abuse of power have a neurotoxic effect in rats. Based on this hypothesis, the main objective is focused on the assessment of the possible neurotoxic effects of subchronic administration of a low dose of GHB and other intermediate (10mg/kg and 100 mg / kg) in male rats. This would have been two kinds of behavioral assessments, whose parameters examined acted as dependent variables of a possible deterioration at conductal that could be the result of a possible nerve damage after prolonged administration of GHB, as well as a histological analysis to verify the possible neuronal loss as a result of that administration, and the possible underlying mechanisms. The resultaos obtained show a deterioration in the reflection of "grasping" and a deterioration in working memory space, which could be indicative of the level of damage to the bark prefontral and area CA1 hippocampal. On the other hand, histological study revealed a neuronal loss in both regions, as well as an increase in the transcriptional activity after prolonged administration of GHB. Por consiguiente, podríamos concluir que los resultados aportados por el presente trabajo muestran que la administración subcrónica de dosis baja de GHB deriva en la aparición de neurotoxicidad.

Author: CRUZ CRUZ CARMEN NYDIA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA.

Summary: The auto-eficacia is the subject of study for decades and is currently continuing interest to researchers and professionals in the conduct. This paper analyzes the impact of self-efficacy has on the stocks, mainly in education and health, as well as their applicability to the social welfare aspects of Puerto Rico. This research is focused on: 1-To identify the social and economic problems of Puerto Rico. 2-To describe historical trends from the year 1493 until the year 2004. 3-To describe the historical strategies. 4-assess the constructs of self-efficacy theory used by experts in the field, based on the principal of Triad Cognitive Bandura. 5-Compare this theory with other Bandura fran similarity such as Seligman, Sternberg, Goleman and others. 6, - Implement a pilot sample and a sample population four instruments troubleshooting, ISAP, WOC, TRIADA and COPE. 8, Analyzing the findings found in the samples. 8-Reaching conclusions based on scientific methods such as SPSS, a tool for social analysis properly tested. 9-According to the findings to recommend the implementation of projects based on the constructs of self-efficacy that will define public policy, which will improve decision-making in public bodies that are responsible for the structures of education and guide services related to health in the Puerto Rican families.

Author: DÍAZ BERCIANO CRISTINA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: This paper focuses on immunization against the learned helplessness in rats caused by uncontrollable events aversion by previous events controllable snacks. On the one hand, studies the influence of pre-degree controllability (complete or partial) in the efficacy inmunizadora treatment. Moreover, within treatments controllability partial compares the success of various treatments employing various programs of reinforcement simple (fixed, variable interval, fixed rate and variable rate) in order to determine whether any of them is particularly effective . The results show that the total controllability not inmuniza nothing to the subject, and within programs refozamiento partial programs interval variable and fixed rate are the most effective treatments, while the variable rate program does not produce immunization. The results are discussed in terms of theories about learned helplessness, as well as theories about the behavioral effects of different programs more relevant reinforcement.

Author: RUBIO HERRANZ GEMA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: Main objective is to determine whether there is difference in treatment success in the game and improving pathological variables adaptation and concomitant symptoms (depression), a treatment psicolótico cognitive behavioral pattern applied in individual versus group. The sample consisted of 60 participants who met DSM-IV criteria pathological gambling. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups were of the treatment modalities: Single mode, and the waiting list group (control group). The program waiting list consisted of the pretreatment and post-treatment evaluation of the experimental groups, and between them, 9-week waiting list. Results show an aftercare treatment success rate of 65% in single mode, 85% in group mode and 35% in the group waiting list. Not significant difference in the success rate between the experimental groups. One year after the end of treatment success rates of these two groups was equal to 55%. As for the adaptive variable in the experimental groups there is an improvement in post-treatment compared with pretreatment statistically significant, which does not appear in the control group. The improvement in the experimental groups increases a year after the end of treatment. No differences between the two groups. In the depressive symptomatology results replicate what with the variables found to adapt. Improvements to the aftercare compared with pretreatment statistically significant in the experimental groups that do not appear in the control group. These improvements increase in the follow-up a year after the end of treatment. The main conclusion is that you get psychological treatment for cognitive behavior pathological gambling group is as effective as individual and to be more efficient, is the best option especially for public service patient care. On the other hand, the contrasts with the control group showed that although there may remove or reduce conduct gambling without treatment, recovery from a state full of psychological and social welfare it is necessary to the application of psychological treatment.

Author: SANCHEZ LOPEZ MARIA DEL PINO.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is the most common cause of neurological disability among young adults. Despite the large number of publications that exist on MS, although many questions remain about the causes of this disease, their correlates clínico - patológicos, evolutionary course and prognostic factors. The published results are characterized by a high variability and sometimes are even contradictory. The study of cognitive impairment is one of the areas in which more clearly shows the problem of the results incosistentes because of the heterogeneity of the disease itself and the variability in the methodology. If you identify potential cognitive deficits dela MS is not being easy task, attempting to lay the groundwork neuroanatomicas of this cognitive dysfunction might seem an intractable approach. However, the basic and clinical relevance of the establishment of these relations has aroused the interest of many research groups. And it is this line is our job. To overcome some of the problems commented selected a homogeneous sample in terms of its clinical features, we conducted an in-depth study of their cognitive impairment and analyze their brain pathology using various indicators. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to determine the profile neuropsicologico in a sample of MS course remitente-recurrente, short duration of the disease and mild neurological disability, as defined by the administration of a wide battery of tests neuropiscológicas and as establish the relationships between this profile neuropsicologico and affectation morphological evident in MRI. Moreover, we study the evolution of the joint profile neuropsicologico and neuroimaging parameters from the perspective Multiparameter, ie, including various parameters atrophy and lesion load, which reflect various components of the disease. We have appreciated 52 patients with EM-RR and 51 individuals included in the control group. Patients have shown a mild cognitive impairment, consistent with a diffuse brain impairment. There has been an execution in an altered cognitive overall index, calculated from the cognitive variables that differentiate patients and controls, in 40% of patients. Other indexes were calculated differentiating several cognitive domains: Attention and processing speed, memory, functions visoperceptivas and visoconstructivas, motor coordination and programming. When relate cognitive profile with cerebral pathology, we found that measures of atrophy are particularly related to the status of attention, processing speed and motor coordination and programming. The lesion load observed in images density protonica is especially linked to alterations mnesicas, with injuries temporo-parietales which appear to have a greater role. Overall, the volume of lesions in regions temporary difference between patients altered and stored in most cognitive domains. Therefore, the amount of injury time is the best indicator lesion of the impact of genetic problems cognitive disconnect themselves from MS. After years of treating patients immuno increased its performance on tasks of verbal and visual memory were stable clinical variables and the mood improvement. Measures of central atrophy showed a significant increase. The total lesion volume remained unchanged. However, the regional analysis showed a decrease of lesio 8 tions hipe 2fe rintensas temporary. This process appears to be linked to improvement in the functions mnesicas.

Author: MACIAS MACIAS YOLANDA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: This research, presented a study of the three negative emotions: Anxiety, Anger and Tristeza-Depresión in patients with Parkinson's disease. To that end, the sample consists of two groups of subjects, with a disease parkinson and another without disease parkinson, taking into account age and sex of the subjects. Assessing emotions are performed through: Inventory Status Anxiety and Answers (ISRA-B) Miguel- Tobal and Cano-Vindel (1997). Inventory Expression of Anger Rasgo-Estado (STAXI-2), adapted version by Miguel-Tobal, Married Cano-Vindel and Spielberger (2001). Questionnaire dimensional Depression (CTD) of Jimenez Garcia, Miguel- Tobal and Cano-Vindel (1996). Scale of Hoehn and Yahr (1967). The results show differences between the two groups in the three emotions and the level of deterioration.

Author: NAVARRETE SÁNCHEZ EDUARDO.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.

Summary: During the production of oral language the speaker must retrieve information conceptual and phonological on lexical words. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the flow of activation among different levels of representation involved in the production of speech. Specifically, we have analyzed the course of activation from the conceptual level to the lexicon and the latter phonological. There are two theoretical proposals. On the one hand, cascading models assume that any representation which is activated, part of this activation spreads to other representations to this connects. Moreover, the proposal restricts the spread of discrete activation between the different levels of the system. The most relevant result of our experiments has been the observation of an effect Facilitation Fonológica with drawings as distracting stimuli. The presence of Impact Facilitation Fonológica suggests that the activation of automatically flowing through the production system language, confirming the predictions of a model of lexical access cascade.

Author: Peña Oliver Yolanda.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona.
Place of preparation: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Summary: Addressing Environmental Enrichment (EA) increases the stimulation and provides rich and varied opportunities for interaction with the environment and social and physical exercise has shown a variety of long-term effects at neuroanatómico, neuroquímico and behavior in several animal species. The EA increases the size of the cerebral cortex, increases the dendritic ramifications and neurogenesis hipocampal and improves cognitive abilities in a variety of tasks. However, although some investigations have described differential effects of EA on the basis of sex, the vast majority of studies that have evaluated the effects of EA has been made with male subjects. Furthermore, in humans there are significant differences in sex in a large number of psicopatologías, such as depression, schizophrenia or addiction to drugs, which highlights the need to include females in the experimental designs. This thesis proposes to study the effects of EA in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes in tests assessing exploration and social memory, emotional reactivity, atencionales mechanisms, learning and drug addiction over two blocks experimental. Treatment was initiated after weaning placing animals in groups of 9-12 individuals in cages enrichment for 8 or 12 weeks, where they changed the configuration space and objects. The control rats were estabularon in groups (2-3 people) in standard cages. In the first block pilot were conducted two studies to evaluate the effects of EA exploration social proof Social Discrimination in emotional reactivity through the Maze high cross, the response from sobresalto before an acoustic stimulus and response axis Hipotálamo-Pituitario-Adrenal in basal conditions and in response to the presentation of evidence on the Table of holes in atencionales mechanisms, through the paradigm of inhibition prepulso; and spatial learning through the maze Hebb-Williams. The results of this first set showed that the EA fell Emotions males and females as noted by the mayor conduct in the open arms of the maze high in red, the largest exploration holes in the table and the lower reactivity of the HPA axis in compared to control animals. So unexpected, E decreased the percentage of inhibition prepulso males and females, a result that contrasted with the effect of improved performance maze Hebb-Williams resulting treatment on the same subject. In tests exploration and social recognition, the EA showed a differential effect on the basis of sex and that increased exploration and social recognition in males but declined in females. The second block was the third pilot study, which assessed the effects of EA in the consumption of cocaine through the paradigm of intravenous self-administration. The results showed effects of sex and treatment, so that the females were autoadministraron more cocaine males, and the EA increased self males and females in a differential. Thus, the EA affected predominantly females, who grew behavior cocaine conducting a search for more answers on the lever associated with the drug. Overall, the results of this study indicate that treatment of EA produces differential effects on males and females depending on the work evaluated.