EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR

Author: VISDÓMINE LOZANO JUAN CARMELO.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CC.EE..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CC.EE.

Summary: It was an experimental study training, transfer and change of control specific expectations and evaluations of difficulty in solving problems. The introduction reviewed various aspects related locus of control, and a position contextual-funcional alternative on human behavior, from the other to give insight into the locus. In the empirical work presented three studies, involving a total of 40 adult subjects. The experimental design of the studies consists of two fundamental parts: 1Â th FORMACIÓN-ACTUALIZACIÓN AND TRANSFER, "locus of control", and the respective valuations of difficulty, through troubleshooting, this part will be carried out through a design intrasujeto alternate treatments, and is the same for all subjects. 2 Â ª A CHANGE to the locus and valuations of difficulty, through various kinds of verbal formulas; this part is faced with a design between subjects (or conditions). Each survey consists of 6 pilot phases: The first study consists of three conditions: one applies for change, a generic instruction opposition between classes of problems, in an analogy another exchange focusing on the relationship between the classes and find oneself or not the solution, and one which applies the same analogy above, but having trained fewer problems. The second study involves the application of an analogy exchange centerada in the relationship between external locus and behavior require the same conditions to find a solution to the problems, and the third study focuses on the implementation of an analogy for change focusing on the difficulty. The results are evaluated level functional class, these are, so resulting in new elements of the same class. In general, you get a transfer differential expectations and valuations under relationships arbtirarias coordination. The verbal exchange interventions are most effective in the first and third conditions of the first study, and in the third study in the second study is a certain variability suggesting a nascent change, the result, however, is practically zero when trying to change by the provisions of the second condition of the first study. Finally, the general discussion analyzes the behavioral mechanisms involved, based on the altered functions of the keys contextual made to the verbal formulas, and their interaction with the pre-history and experimental subjects.

Author: REINA VAILLO RAÚL.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE.
Place of preparation: FACULTADAD DE CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE.

Summary: This Doctoral Thesis has approached the study of visual and motor behavior of tennis players in wheelchairs. Experienced and novice. And tennis players in the state of rest before the service, both made by players in a wheelchair as bipedestación. The investigation raises a line of innovative research in the field of sport adapted. And tennis in a wheelchair in particular. Wanted visually analyze the behavior of players with greater experience to guide the process of teaching and sports training with players sporting initiation. As well as assessing the implications that a different level of vision has on the behavior of the player to rest (in chair and bipedestación). There are also technological innovations to develop situations study with a high ecological component, without compromising control experimental measures, in order to analyze the possible transfers of situations conducted in the laboratory (with a projection viewing multimedia -2D-) the actual situation of the game (before opponent real-3D-). The three groups studied showed. In generaL a visual search strategy was premised on more proximal elements subject to (head and arm assistant) to more distal elements. As the ball or the segment brazo-raqueta. The work has shown how the opponent's position in the service (foot or chair) influences behavior and visual driving the rest of the player. Who shows superior visual fixation (aimed at extracting information detallada.de certain areas or elements of the opponent) on areas proximal to the body of the opponent. This seems to indicate that. Before opponents in a wheelchair. The player could extract information more difficulty on the kinematics of the movement. There have also been observed. Er: this regard. Possible implications of the velocidaddel service for tracking the trajectory of the ball once it has been beaten. In addition, the groups studied showed values worst response opponents in a wheelchair. That aspect might be related to this increased difficulty to extract information prior to the impact. And greater reliance to get informationknowntobe trajectory of the ball for the development of the answers. The comparison between the situations of track (3D) and video (2D) showed that the players performed more visual fixation in the latter, showing an increase of the demands atencionales in its visual search process. Because of their familiarity with this situation less encouraging. That increase in demand has led to atencionales subjects show better response values driving. But this seems to influence the loss of information or stereoscopic depth from one situation to another. In comparing the behavior of players in wheelchairs experienced and novice. We found that the former seem to be better able to make more efficient use of the information offered by the opponent, being useful for issuing respues.tas driving faster. That information would comply with elements of gesture prior to the impact of the ball that would facilitate the anticipation of the responses. Thus, there appears to be a relationship between the level of experience or habituation to one degree or another opponent for information about the mechanics 8 of movi 630 ring and not based on tracking the trajectory of the ball. As shown some results of the comparison between restadores in a wheelchair and bipedestación. The investigation concluded on the need to train the trainers of players in a wheelchair. From conventional tennis. To conduct training in situations that play sitting in the chair. As shown in the informationthat bipedestación different than that the player will encounter later in the actual game. It also concludes that the lower limb is not a body surface area relevant to the preparation of the response to the rest. That loss of dimensionality of the scene conllevaun increasing demands atencionales. But not 'seem to affect the visual orientation toward certain localizacionescorporales, and should teach the players in launching sports, not just minr in certain locations information that we have found as determinants for the development of the answers, but to interpret and make efficient use of that information to develop more rapid and effective responses.

Author: RUIZ OLIVARES MARIA DEL ROSARIO.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA.
Place of defense: F. CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.
Place of preparation: F. CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: First, this research raises target assess whether there are differences between the degree of altruism expressed through behavior prosociales-altruistas developed by persons belonging to the Scout Movement, as compared to the behavior prosociales-altruistas of those people outside or the NGO, or any other similar organization. Through a prospective case-control study, comparing a group of children and young people between 6 and 18 years who were "scout" with another group of similar characteristics (age, sex, number of siblings, between siblings, place working mothers, etc.). who were not "scout". These behaviors were rated less than, conunos questionnaires developed by Roche (1998) and directed both to the self-assessment, the teacher, peers, and parents. Moreover, this group "scout" was compared to another group "scout" with similar characteristics to see if there were differences between the two. Overall, the results confirm that children and young people from 6 to 18 years in the city of Cordoba are "scouts" are better valued at behavior prosociales-altruistasque aquellosque not pertenecenal Scouting movement. As for the second goal, this Doctoral Thesis arose make a speech in a classroom of first grade, from which they would be dísminuida frequency of disruptive behavior as shouting, fighting, lifted without permission of the teacher or discontinued. Thus, through the Good Behavior Game, a technique contingency groups, and the technique of Correspondence Decir-Hacer was involved in conduct anteríormente cited with 15 students 6 and 7 years. In terms of results, we can say that they generally respond to the objective, and that the frequency of such behavior is viewed considerably diminished. Thus, one can conclude that the use of this technique in school reduces the frequency of certain negative behavior for the teaching-learning process of improving, in general, the climate of the classroom.

Author: VALDEZ DANIEL.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA . UAM..

Summary: Asperger Syndrome is a disorder of development with neurobiological basis. In the present paper investigates about the skills and competencies mentalistas pragmatic in adolescents and adults with Asperger syndrome. The purposes of this research are to develop a testing protocol with verbal and visual stimuli for detecting indicators of subtle inference mentalista and ability to communicate subtle administer the tests at three different samples of adolescent and adult subjects: subjects with normal development, subjects with Asperger Syndrome and subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder and to compare the predictive value of the evidence in relation to their ability to detect subtle powers mint lists and subtle skills of communication. The second study A discourse analysis of subjects with OCD, subjects with SA and subjects with normal development, through an analysis of contents and through an analysis lexicómetrico using SPADT, ~ on in order to assess the specific language of each stock clinical use of emotional verbs, verbs epistémicos, involvement of others. In the first study, the factor analysis revealed a single factor that explains 61% of the variance (saturation between 0.72 and 0.86), indicating that all the evidence evaluated a field restricted content. ANOVA was performed for 3x5 with repeated measurements by a factor. We found statistically significant differences in both the main factors in the interaction. For the main factor type of population were found statistically significant differences for the total battery of tests, showing that subjects with normal development presents the greatest percentage of hits, subjects with OCD presented scores and intermediate subjects with SA presented scores more casualties. The results suggest that the battery of tests can be a tool that can contribute to differential diagnosis between SA and TOC, showing also a cognitive profile particularly in subjects with SA, which have a lower yield on the evidence, but on the whole show the greatest difficulty in interpreting figuratively and ironies. In the second study vocabulary characteristic has been found in each of the people, (according to the temporal axes present, past, future), while that are peculiarities in the use of lexical as each town.

Author: CABELLO LUQUE FRANCISCO SOLANO.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERÍA.

Summary: The derivation of relations is one of the most important topics in recent years in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, and refers to the appearance of relations between stimuli without a direct training (Sidman T ailby, 1982; Sidman, 1994). One of the main lines of investigation into this issue is one that has analyzed the impact of verbal conduct on relations arising in subjects who already have a code word and referral, which is controversial and on which there was no consensus conceptually or methodology. Therefore, the primary objective of this thesis is to provide new evidence on the training and monitoring of rules in verbal learning and referral relationships arbitrary adult subjects, and tralar to determine in detail the effect types of rules can take the time to facilitate or hinder this derivation. It took a series of three studies. The first study was to develop a dedicated task pilot controlled allowing demonstrate the phenomenon of derivation using visual and olfactory stimuli, and consisted of two experiments. In Experiment 1, was replicated and extended a previous study to show this derivation (Annett and Leslie, 1995), while during the Experiment 2 was conducted a modification of the work done to resolve some potential threats to validity. The second study aimed to implement the methodology of analysis protocols to obtain concurrent oral reports to the task (Ericsson and Simon, 1980, 1986) and implement controls method silent dog to demonstrate that these reports relate to the functional mind - verbal behavior of subjects during this task (Hayes, 1986). To that end, along Experiment 3 compared the performances of subjects who completed the task in silence, subjects were instructed to think aloud, and subjects who were exposed to various activities to stop verbal behavior, while in the Experiment 4 were used oral reports of the subjects required to think out loud, to affect the behavior of new entrants exposed to the same task Finally, the third study lIew out a thorough analysis of the oral reports obtained based on an analysis of different categories verbal, a correlational analysis, and a more detailed analysis of the interaction between behavior and verbal performances relational. In generates!, The results of the three studies show (1) that the behavior would be involved in verbal learning and derivation of arbitrary relationships between visual and olfactory stimuli, (2) that certain types of verbal behavior affected the performances of subjects during training relational (establish relationships between stimuli facilitated learning, while describing the incentives involved did not provide learning and was related to a bad performance), and (c) that this effect facilitation not occurred during the test relations derived. These findings remind us of the need to contemplate the verbal behavior as a dynamic phenomenon in which the functions verbal changing steadily, seem to support the vision of Relational Frame Theory on behavior related! And verbal (Hayes, Sarnes-Holmes and Roche, 2001), and can serve as a basis for future studies that will enable a better understanding of human cognition and language.

Author: SERNA TUYA JUAN MOISÉS DE LA.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: Once submitted previous results obtained and after establishing the rationale and objectives of the thesis (Chapter 1), presents three theoretical chapters, which carries out a preliminary approach from a broad perspective to the study of emotions (Chapter 2), passing for a historical review of studies on the Evaluation Conditioning (Chapter 3) to finish specifying the field of study: Evaluation of Conditioning, and presenting the similarities and differences in the Evaluation Conditioning (Chapter 3). Following this theoretical approach, are presented in three chapters where through experimental methodology explores some of the distinguishing characteristics between Conditioning Evaluation and Conditioning Classic, in the first experiment explores the influence of the level of familiarity of incentives on the level conditioning (chapter 5), in the second experiment examines the relevance of the contingency in the statistical Conditioning Evaluation (Chapters 6), for its part, in the third experiment, he examines the influence of the type of presentation of couples EC- On the level of conditioning reached (Chapter 7). Here is passed to employ a survey methodology to check the internal validity of a questionnaire that assesses the level of emotional stability of the participants (Chapter 8). Lastly is an experiment which explores the differential effects of the above or subliminal presentations of Els during condiconamiento being assessed by measures of cognitive, behavioral and physiological (Chapter 9).

Author: HUERTAS OLMEDO FLORENTINO.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE.

Summary: In the field of Science of Physical Activity and Sport is of interest to the investigation into the selection process for responding to stimuli relevant driving (visual search) and mediation processes atencionales. This research focuses on the study of two of these effects atencionales: Inhibition of Return (ER) and Simon Effect: Following the paradigm of costs and benefits of Posner (1980) studied the pattern of muscle response (EMG) and kinematic (Reaction time: TR and Time movement: TM) on two tracks (reach and grasp objects). In addition to replicate earlier findings regarding the effect of facilitation and inhibition of return using contextual tasks with a high ecological value (grip and scope of objects), it validated the usefulness of a novel methodology in recording the demonstration of the processes atencionales as is the Electromyography. Itras of the major contributions of this research is the demonstration of electrophysiological Simon effect, not only on variables linked to the activity of the muscles efectora of the action, but also in the arm for non-response was observed increased activity when the EMG arm no answer is ipsilateral to the place of occurrence target regarding when contralateral, which benefits the onset of action (under reaction). On the contrary, it has been observed that the effect of the appearance of the signal orientation antencional at intervals where the Inhibition of Return, but not activating the inhibitory response process, as it has become evident that triggers an increase in the EMG activity in the ipsilateral arm to their place of emergence. However, in these conditions, the increase of muscle activity leads to a delay in the onset of action (worst reaction times). These findings have led to know more about the nature and level of expression of the processes studied atencionales driving on the response.

Author: LINÁREZ MÉNDEZ RAFAELA PASTORA.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.

Summary: In this dissertation discusses some of the factors responsible for the low recognition of depression in primary care centers. Following a review bibiliográfica in which data were presented correlacionales and descriptive studies on the prevalence of depression in the world, to conclude that depression is rarely diagnosed, examines the possible factors responsible for this situation, since the differences in the conceptualizaicón of depression until the specific difficulties experimetnadas by the primary care physician in the process of reasoning diagnosis. In the pilot is set to prubea, through three experimetnos, the influence on diagnÂ'sotico of the following factors: EXPERIMENT 1: Influence of the order in which they are presented symptoms, in a situation where the patient has symptoms two conditions: diabetes and depression. EXPERIMENT 2: Influence of the verbal content of the ifnormación provided by the patient when obvious symptoms of diabetes and symptoms of depression in sufficient or insufficient to arrive at the diagnosis. EXPERIMENT 3: Interaction of the factors of order and content studied in the two previous experiments, controlling addition, the effect of the presence / absence of nonverbal indicators of depression, presentdos through six videos. The results of these three experiments carried the conclusikón that the overall proportion of diagnoses of depression was very high when the symptoms of diabetes were absent (whether or not to include non-verbal signs of depression). The introduction of symptoms diabtes resulted in a significant decrease in the overall proportion of diagnoses of depression, and this decline was greater when the symptoms of diabetes preceded the depression. These results showed a solid effect of order and content of symptoms presentdos on diagnóstioc the doctor performs.

Author: ARIAS GRANDIO CARLOS.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA.

Summary: The objective of this dissertation is to analyze what the fetus or breeding rats learn from intoxication with alcohol. The results of the first series of experiments allow us to conclude that prenatal exposure to a moderate dose of alcohol produces a preference for the drug expressed through increased consumption and the platabilidad of the same. In a second series of experiments, it was found that this preference is due to the formation of a conditioning apetitivo by the association of the characteristics quimiosensoriales alcohol perceived by the fetus in utero, and the reinforcing properties of drugs, mediated by the system opiode. Finally, the results of the third series of experiments indicate that alcohol during the first ten days of postnatal life also induces a preference tied for the drug, also mediated by the activation of the opioid system, while poisoning with the same dose alcohol from this day produces an aversion conditioned. These results can be explained taking into account that there is a sensitive period in rats that covers the first ten days of postnatal life, in which the offspring learn preferences easily influenced by odors, even with aversive stimuli, and have more difficulty learning aversiones All of this mediated system activity opiode. As reinforcing effects of alcohol are also mediated by this system neuroquímico, alcohol during the last days of pregnancy and the first few days postnatal produces preferences influenced by drugs.

Author: Luciano Devis Juan Vicente.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: Facultat de Psicologia.

Summary: The study of the abolition of thought experiment began with the "white bear" Wegner et al. (1987), which found that after attempts at suppression, there is an increase in the frequency and / or intensity of thought deleted (rebound effect). Although the literature on the abolition of thought is formed by studies with conflicting findings among themselves, it can be concluded that two major factors seem to determine to what extent people will be successful or not in their attempts to mind control, on the one hand, individual differences in some personal characteristics, and on the other hand, the specific strategy employed to suppress the thought. This includes four doctoral thesis studies, deepening the first two in the role of individual differences and the last two in the role of control strategies. The goal of Study 1 (n = 540) was to study the psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis by analyzing the structure of the Spanish version of White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI; Wegner and Zanakos, 1994), which measures the chronic tendency to suppress and the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ; Wells and Davies, 1994) measuring five strategies of mind control (distraction, social control, concern, punishment and revaluation). The analysis showed that WBSI has a structure at least bifactorial, by measuring the presence of intruders thoughts. As for the TCQ, structure pentafactorial raised by their authors get rates adjustment very low, being necessary cleansing of the contents of the instrument. Finally, both the WBSI as TCQ showed some adequate levels of internal consistency and convergent validity. In Study 2 (n = 211) describes the construction and validation of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ), an instrument that measures the specific skill or ability perceived by the subject to suppress unwanted thoughts. Our results indicate that the TCAQ is a questionnaire dimensional, with excellent internal consistency and stability and temporary expressing high relative to other measures of emotional vulnerability, such as anxiety and neurotism trait. The objective of the Study Group 3 (n = 76) was to compare the efficacy of two abatement techniques of thought. One of these techniques was developed by Anderson & Green (2001) and is basically remove an unwanted memory, a stimulus to face reminder of that thought. The analysis indicated that only those subjects who used this strategy, or those who did not receive instructions from deletion getting reduce the level of discomfort associated with the thoughts intruders. Finally, the Survey 4 (n = 120) is an extension of previous experiment, with the main objective to compare the effects of cognitive and emotional suppression technique adapted from Anderson, with the abatement techniques with classical and suppression distraction, proving to be the latter more beneficial to achieve long-term reduce the frequency of the thoughts intruders evaluated in the study. Finally, in the general discussion it is suggested that during therapy should train the patients in the use of alternative strategies not based on the removal, such as the revaluation or acceptance.