MENTAL PROCESSES

Author: COLOTTO ARCILA MARIA EUGENIA.
Year: 2003.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: AULARI 10.44 ETSIB. PLANTA 10.
Place of preparation: ETSEIB, EDIFICI H PLANTA 10 Campus SUD.

Summary: The research work presented is a proposal for the analysis of the error and the management of reliability from human engineering with input from the cognitive sciences. It is proposed to consider the interface persona-máquina-medio or persona-trabajo not as a representation of the outside world where subject and object are independent from each other, but rather as the continued creation of shares, worlds, scenarios, from social interactions, the interpretation and understanding of the information that emerges from the context. To achieve this objective it has been used as part of Sciences and Technologies of Cognition (CTC), which is an area of work consisting of disciplines, which have different viewpoints, are enriching for the engineering, constituting what we now call cognitive engineering systems. This thesis has sought to offer a new approach, which establishes a link between the Science and Technology of the Cognition and engineering, with the aim of improving the understanding and interpretation of the reliability and human error, as well as improving management organizational, in order to reduce errors and accidents, improve the welfare and quality and understand that through acts lingüsticos, generated commitments build the same actions and knowledge about the reality of being speaking or living, but not from the past that no longer supports changes and exists only in the memories, neither of which is still in future plans. The transformations occurring in the present that âtrae to manoâ (at the hearing). This is a novel issue, especially in the technical areas that have been marked and dominated by a symbolic space, representing something that becomes reality with the physical form of a code or through a series of algorithms and a list of orders in the brain or simply gathered in the CPU of a machine such as the computer. In engineering design is necessary to codify intentions, desires, feelings or beliefs with the physical transformations that the actor feels or acquired while serving - this is beyond the scope of the manuals or procedures, but the CTC, through the corporización the mechanisms cognitive and experiential history, may present an alternative to the dissatisfaction with the lack of common sense. The drafting of the proposal has been based on the phenomenological study of the object (error humano-fiabilidad human) and has been developed through a draft interpretation of experiences, cases, fieldwork and the interpretation and understanding of the theory of cognitive sciences . It was established four points of phenomenological research: first, it raised the interpretation of Sciences and Technologies of Cognition, in the specific enactivo as an alternative paradigm of representacionismo in which it is immersed engineering; second, assessing their suitability to the problem at issue: the reliability and human error; third, establishing the possibility of its implementation, according to the study and analysis of some models and risk assessment methodologies selected according to the applicability and commonly used by industries; finally, as the fourth point proposes a âformulaâ implementation, through four phases that allow evoke states of creative action that cause enacción.

Author: FUNES MOLINA M. JESÚS.
Year: 2003.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.
Place of preparation: UNVIERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: The studies presented in this thesis were conducted with the purpose of differentiating between the contribution of atencional guidance on the effects of signaling, as well as the contribution of other processes related to the interactions that may occur between the appearance of a peripheral signal and encouragement goal, as determined by the proximity space between the two events. Introducing a paradigm consists of a pilot Stroop task of Space in which subjects have to discriminate the direction arrow (right or left), which in turn may appear in a location consistent or inconsistent. In addition, this location was previously identified by a sign that space can be valid (points to the correct position) or invalid (points to a different position). This paradigm has enabled us to study the effects of space signals on the peripheral and central processing space. Secondly has allowed us to explore different forms of modulation strategic about these effects. The results have made us think about the properties of both types of signals and have led us to propose the existence of a process of perceptual integration would occur only in the case of peripheral signals. This process, although automatic in nature, could be susceptible to modulation strategically. The main outcome of this and more robust experimental series, reducing the Stroop effect Space paralos tests identified SOA short, and only in the case of peripheral signals, it appears consistent with the idea of the existence of this integration process perceptual. To learn about the effects of this process and the possibility of modulario strategically, we conducted a manipulation (presence of distracting), which was shown to be able to remove one hand the effect of that provision is normally found levels of SOA for short, and on the other next, the influence of the peripheral signals on the Stroop effect Space. This data can be interpreted as evidence for the process of perceptual integration, which in principle could happen automatically or by default when conditions are suitable space continuum, it is capable of modulation strategically. A second manipulation, the range of SOAs used, which seems to influence the time course of the reorientation atencional, was not able, however, to alter the pattern of reducing the Stroop test indicated Space for SOA short. Taking these two results together, we can conclude that we have found evidence of modulation strategic two different types of process: on the one hand, the presence of distracting modularía a process of perceptual integration on the other hand, handling the range of SOAs leave intact this perceptual integration process, affecting only the time course of the reorientation antencional.

Author: VADILLO NISTAL MIGUEL ANGEL.
Year: 2004.
University: DEUSTO [www.deusto.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION.

Summary: Over the past few decades has been frequent resort to various kinds of associative mechanisms to explain the process by which individuals discover and predictive causal relationships between events happening around them. Despite the attractiveness of this scenario are as many studies that show the limitations of this theoretical perspective. One of the many findings reveal that the problems inherent in this approach is that theoretical trials of the people on the degree of relationship between a key and a result are altered by the type of questions that are requested these trials. In the first five experiments are trying to investigate these issues and show that the trials systematically vary depending on whether the question requires that the participant predict the outcome depending on the key, as it considers the predictive value of the key values or the intensity of causal relationship between key and outcome. While trials prediction appeared to be based solely on the degree of coocurrencia key and the result, the predictive value judgments and causation are determined by the contingency clave-resultado. Although this evidence can not be explained from the associative models currently available, the last three experiments show that it could have associative mechanisms involved in this type of learning. In light of these results, we propose that an adequate explanation of causal and predictive learning requires both admit intervention mechanisms associative mechanisms as inferential.

Author: ALIJA FERNANDEZ MAIRA.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGIA.

Summary: In the processing of words, it has been shown that there are two units that must be taken into account: morphological units (in our case prefixes, because they coincide with the boundaries syllabic and allow us to make an appropriate experimental manipulation) and phonological units. The fundamental objective of this study is whether the two units will be processed in the same way (Do you Unlike our processing system when a syllable has a role morphological, or just more than one syllable word?) Or differences in processing both. And in this case, Â What are those differences?. With this paper, we proved that there are differences in the processing of prefixes and syllables. On the one hand, the prefixes effect facilitation. There is a positive early (at preléxico) and localized in areas above (area central-frontal) of the left hemisphere. Moreover, the syllables have an inhibitory effect. In this case there is a negativity later (at lexicon) in the frontal areas. The results of our work that supports both types of units influence at two different times of processing at two levels: Prefixes at preléxico and syllables at lexicon.

Author: MUÑETON AYALA MERCEDES AMPARO.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.
Place of preparation: UNVIERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.

Summary: This is a study of pretest-entrenamiento-postest in which they use the program to strengthen and practices, model computer assisted instruction, which was implemented corrective feedback in order to observe how the processes (memory, copying, reading) increased spelling skills for children with learning difficulties in a transparent language such as Spanish. The study involved 85 subjects with age from 8 to 10 years and belonged to 3 and 4 grade of elementary education. The children were divided at random into four group 3 experimental groups (memory, copying and reading) and a control group that did not receive training but was attending classes in a normal fashion. We used 360 stimuli in which tuco into consideration the length, spelling and consistency syllabic structure. One group wrote the words of memory, the other copied and read the other. The results showed that children who participated in the condition significantly improved copy writing words as opposed to the control group who did not improve.

Author: García Viedma Ma. Rosario.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: Departamento de Psicología.
Place of preparation: Universidad de Jaén.

Summary: In the beginnings of Alzheimer's disease (AD onwards) memory problems has been the fundamental cognitive symptoms and the main criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. However, in a previous work we found that problems atencionales cognitive characteristics are important at this stage of the disease, stressing deficits in the components atencionales more complex. These results of the studies on the mechanism atencional, and the fact of the possible existence of a continuum between the normal aging process and the EA, make it interesting to assess whether the effect of control atencional as atencional complex operation, it is disproportionate in patients with AD about what happens in the older healthy, and whether it allows to differentiate the two groups. Weaknesses atencionales early in Alzheimer's disease suggests that a proper understanding of the changes occurring in atencionales disease, will help increase awareness of the cognitive changes that occur therein. At the same time, one can obtain information useful for the early diagnosis of the same design and stimulation programs and cognitive rehabilitation. Therefore, the overall objective of this work is to conduct an exploration atencional control in both groups, to check whether patients with initial show deficits control atencional they differ from older healthy. Since establishing specific objectives: 1. Ascertain whether the possible components atencionales affected at the beginning of the EA would be more complex, while the most basic would be preserved as compared with a group of healthy older. 2. Since control atencional is one component of the complex system atencional and can be affected so early in the EA, a second objective is, first, identify potential control components atencional proposed by Baddeley, and secondly to determine what would be hit with a view to establishing whether the possible involvement of control atencional be widespread or differential. 3. Evaluate the possible involvement of other cognitive domains related to attention, while it believes that this is a cognitive function essential for the proper functioning of other cognitive processes, in particular memory and executive functions. To meet the objectives of the research are used neuropsychological tests and experimental tasks are designed to assess the mechanism atencional, operations control atencional, memory and executive functions. The various tests and tasks apply to a control group consisting of older healthy and an experimental group consisting of patients with AD initial. Subsequently summarizes the data obtained in each of the tests and compares the performance of both groups there. The statistical analysis showed the existence of significant differences in the measures of the tasks that value the mechanism atencional, operations control atencional, memory and executive functions. These results report that patients with AD initial presented an overall control atencional along with memory and learning problems, and deficits in executive functions. These data, along with those measures that are not significant differences allow for a series of conclusions. There seems atencional various control functions that are affected differently in people with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Thus, the pattern of damage control atencional in normal aging and in the early days of the EA is different. While in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease there is a widespread involvement of the control operations atencional in normal aging difficulties seem to relate to the maintenance and configuration operations mental 8 distint 629 ace and inhibition of irrelevant information. The atencional control problems at the beginning of the EA are accompanied by memory and learning problems and deficits in executive functions. These cognitive problems mean that patients with AD have difficulty manipulating initial actively information. Moreover, the passage of a minor effect on controlling atencional in healthy older people, a further deterioration in the case of patients with AD supports the existence of a continuum between normal aging, mild cognitive impairment and AD. The control atencional seems sensitive to the beginnings of Alzheimer's disease, and therefore could be established as a potential marker of the same cognitive. Therefore, the monitoring operations atencional should be considered for designing task to be used in the early diagnosis and rehabilitation programs and cognitive stimulation.

Author: SALILLAS PEREZ ELENA.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.

Summary: The thesis represents the deepening of the syntactic structure of clause on dual background. This is a kind of syntactic structure, which has resulted in problems in one of the theories of syntactic processing more influential in the last twenty years: The theory of Route Muerta (Frazier and Fodor, 1978; Frazier, 1987). This theory assumes universality of the principles that are proposed as dominating syntactic parsing, the principle of adjunción minimum and the principle of closure late. The closure late seems not remain in all languages (eg Cuetos and Mitchell, 1988), thus questioned the alleged universality of the principle. These data are derived mostly from studies based on the reading of prayers where the pattern is visually. This paper addresses the issue by using auditory input of prayers. The speech represents the incorporation of variable prosódicas (intonation, temporal aspects, accent).

Author: DÍAZ OZEJO JAIME.
Year: 2006.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.

Summary: This paper has conducted a survey descriptivo with 345 athletes from individual sports and adversary, in order to ascertain whether there were differences between the two groups in relation to the employment of cognitive strategies (psychological techniques) to solve the problems of a generic affecting sporting performance. It has been used in Cognitive Strategies Questionnaire athletes (CECD, 2001) and have added 4 items to the same exploratory (following the same procedure to create items of original instrument), more geared to individual sports and adversary . It also has classified the sample depending on the type of driving task (predominantly open or closed predominantly (), or if there is not driving the action, if there is action in cooperation driving, or if there is action in cooperation and driving in opposition. The sample consists of 178 athletes, 74 swimmers, 31 players, 31 judokas and 30 oarsmen. homogenize As criterion for establishing shows that all compete in their respective championships autonomous, and that everyone has the least 13 years of age . The results confirm that there are differences in the use of cognitive strategies among individual sports athletes with respect to the adversary of the sample. Sportsmen sports adversary obtained significantly higher scores on the variable maturity sports and significantly lower in the variable cognitive disorientation. There are also other significant differences in relation to the type of action driving, and depending on the age of the athletes. was also made a revision bilibométrica of work that refer to cognitive strategies in individual sports and adversary .